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Bitew Beyene,Fininsa Chemeda,Terefe Habtamu,Ahmed Seid 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2
Faba bean is a cool season food legume crop. However, productivity of the crop is constrained by faba bean gall (FBG), which is an emerging disease that threatens faba bean production in Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted on farmers’ fields to develop integrated management options that combine host resistance and fungicides to reduce FBG disease and minimize yield losses, and to determine fungicide spraying schedules in Bassona Worana district of Ethiopia, during 2018 and 2019. The treatments included three faba bean (Degaga, Gora, and local) genotypes, two fungicides, and two spray schedules, which were factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that integration of faba bean genotypes, fungicides, and spray schedules significantly (P < 0.001) reduced FBG disease progression and increased grain yield though genotypes showed variable disease reactions in both years. Gora sprayed with Bayleton at 10 days interval recorded low FBG disease progression (0.0125 and 0.0121 units day–1), severity (21.7 and 10%) and AUDPC (1866.7 and 751.7%-days), and high grain yield (3.7 and 5.0 t ha–1) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Unsprayed plots of each genotype obtained high disease and low yield parameters in both years. However, high marginal rate of return was obtained from genotypes sprayed with Bayleton at 15 days interval in 2018 and 2019. Therefore, application of Bayleton at a rate of 0.7 kg ha−1 three-to-four sprays’ frequency with moderately tolerant faba bean variety can be recommended to manage FBG development and optimize grain yield in the study area.
Mandatory Reporting VS Gender Based Violence Survivors’ Rights
Betelhem Mengistu Beyene 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2015 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2015 No.7
Guaranteeing the confidentiality of gender base violence (GBV) survivors along with their personal information at all times is an important guiding principle for service providers in humanitarian settings. The confidentiality of information acquired during service provision is needed to respect the rights, wishes, and dignity of survivors. In turn, this builds trust and confidence between each survivor and service provider, and encourages others to come forward, report their cases and seek support. Unfortunately, there is confusion and a misconception that this guiding principle contradicts with national laws. Some professionals argue that service providers have an obligation under Ethiopian law to report GBV cases to police or security actors against survivor consent. This study aims to discuss about consent and confidentiality in view of women rights. In addition, it gives an overview on how respecting survivors’ wishes and choices will help them to recover from their experience.
Jeylan Wolyie Hussein,Fekadu Beyene 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2015 International Area Studies Review Vol.18 No.2
This article analyses the dynamics of institutionalized competition in the geography of inter-ethnic rivalry between the Jarso and Girhi ethnic clans. The data required for the study was obtained from the retrospective reflections of the research participants regarding the origins, dynamics and outcomes of the local October 2004 referendum conducted to settle disputes over territorial and administrative issues. The perspectives used to analyse the processes and dynamics of inter-group competition were drawn mainly from social movement theories. To increase the methodological robustness of the analysis, we blend the political analysis of inter-group competition with the sociological dimension of identity framing and processes. We trace identity issues and processes as they occurred in concrete socio-political settings that influenced the shapes identities took and their concrete picture in inter-group competitions. We try also to identify and reconstruct causal patterns and processes of the competitions and their dynamics. We give due attention to the interactive dynamics of these conditions in shaping the social-psychological processes of competition and movement participation. We attempt to show how interaction between historical-political and contextual factors affected the energy of the mobilizing structures and their contested legitimizing narratives. Finally, we indicate the implications of the analysis for understanding and managing ethnic or identity politics of social movements.
Strategies towards Orthopaedic Tissue Engineered Graft Generation: Current Scenario and Application
SaradaPrasanna Mallick,Zerihun Beyene,Dheerendra Kumar Suman,Abhimanyu Madhual,Bhisham Narayan Singh,Pradeep Srivastava 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.6
Even though degradation and damage to bone and cartilage tissue can be resolved naturally, but there is a great challenge to regenerate functional tissue due to multiple pathological conditions. To treat the diseased/ damaged bone and cartilage tissue as well as to improve or maintain its natural functions and structure, there are different strategies being developed for repair and regeneration of these tissues. Various innovative researches lead to remarkable improvement in clinical outcome of defective bone and cartilage treatments. Biomaterial based scaffolds which are capable of supporting cell growth and applied for replacement of tissue in vivo for both bone and cartilage. The review also delineates about the tissue engineering bioreactors for the recreation of frameworks to recellularise the graft in vitro by presenting them to physiologically significant mechanical or potentially hydrodynamic stimulation condition. This review summarizes and discusses the strategies for regeneration and repair of bone and cartilage tissue, current scenario and application.
Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha,Berhe Beyene Gebrezgiabher,Berihu Gidey Aregawi,Desta Siyoum Belay,Lidiya Tsegay Tikue,Ermyas Brhane Reda 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.5
Background: The postpartum period has been advocated as a way to improve the survival of mothers and newborns. However, the status of the recommended number of postnatal care (PNC) services has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of full PNC visits and factors associated with it among mothers. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed among 1,109 women from March to April 29, 2017. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, recorded using EPI INFO ver. 7.0 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA) and analyzed by STATA ver. 12.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess the predictors of the recommended frequency of PNC services. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CIs) were performed. P-values <0.05 were declared statistically significant. Results: Status of compliance with the use of full PNC services was found to be 16.1%. Women who had antenatal care follow-up (aOR, 5.60; 95% CI, 2.50 to 12.55) and women who delivered at health institutions (aOR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.74 to 7.70) were more likely to have full PNC visits. Proximity of women to health facilities was found to lower the odds of complete PNC visits (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.56). Moreover, district of residence remains a predictor of service use. Conclusion: The percentage of women with full PNC visits was found to be low. Therefore, to achieve the recommended frequency of PNC in the study area, the results of this study suggest a need to strengthen the uptake of ANC and institutional delivery services.
Getnet Abebe Molla,Waju Beyene Salgedo,Yohannes Kebede Lemu 대한직업환경의학회 2015 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.27 No.-
Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determinants of work-related injuries among small and medium scale industrial workers in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia. Method: Cross sectional comparative study design was used. Purposive sampling method was used to choose the specific Kebele 14 of the study area, for its relatively high number of industries. The study units were stratified into small and medium scale industries. All workers who were available at the time of interview were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16.0. Result: A total of 328 and 655 workers from small and medium-scale industries respectively participated in the study. Seven hundred sixty nine (78.2%) were males. Three hundred thirty six workers (34.2%) reported that they had experienced work-related injuries. Sex, monthly salary, age, work experience and use of personal protective equipment were found to be different in the small and medium industries (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of work related injuries. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, personal work behavior and the working environment have contributed for the injuries. Work-related injuries are assumed to be preventable with the provision of occupational health programs in workplaces. Thus it is recommended that the owners of industries need to focus on training and installing safer work environment and Further studies with large-scale coverage and prospective study designs are warranted.
Coping With Drought among Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Communities in Eastern Ethiopia
( Kassa Belay ),( Fekadu Beyene ),( Winfried Manig ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2005 Journal of Rural Development Vol.28 No.2
This paper examines coping strategies of pastoral and agro- pastoral communities in six districts of Eastern Ethiopia. Data collected from a random sample of 360 households were used in the study. The results of the study indicate that the study area has been stricken by recurrent droughts since the early 1980s and that drought has increasingly devastating effects on the lives of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. In response to the degrading production environment, the pastoral and agro- pastoral communities become more provident and employ a variety of techniques to cushion themselves against contingencies. Moreover, the results of the study show that most of the coping strategies are aimed at counteracting the detrimental effects of droughts after their occurrence rather than identifying the root causes of droughts. Finally, we suggest the need for political actors to move from crisis management through emergency intervention to improving the capability to cope in changing environmental conditions.