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Ernest Spitzer,Benjamin Camacho,Blaz Mrevlje,Hans-Jelle Brandendburg,Claire B. Ren 한국심초음파학회 2023 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.31 No.3
BACKGROUND: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an accurate and reproducible parameter of left ventricular (LV) systolic function which has shown meaningful prognostic value. Fast, user-friendly, and accurate tools are required for its widespread implementation. We aim to compare a novel web-based tool with two established algorithms for strain analysis and test its reproducibility. METHODS: Thirty echocardiographic datasets with focused LV acquisitions were analyzed using three different semi-automated endocardial GLS algorithms by two readers. Analyses were repeated by one reader for the purpose of intra-observer variability. CAAS Qardia (Pie Medical Imaging) was compared with 2DCPA and AutoLV (TomTec). RESULTS: Mean GLS values were −15.0 ± 3.5% from Qardia, −15.3 ± 4.0% from 2DCPA, and −15.2 ± 3.8% from AutoLV. Mean GLS between Qardia and 2DCPA were not statistically different (p = 0.359), with a bias of −0.3%, limits of agreement (LOA) of 3.7%, and an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.88. Mean GLS between Qardia and AutoLV were not statistically different (p = 0.637), with a bias of −0.2%, LOA of 3.4%, and an ICC of 0.89. The coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-observer variability was 4.4% for Qardia, 8.4% 2DCPA, and 7.7% AutoLV. The CV for inter-observer variability was 4.5%, 8.1%, and 8.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In echocardiographic datasets of good image quality analyzed at an independent core laboratory using a standardized annotation method, a novel web-based tool for GLS analysis showed consistent results when compared with two algorithms of an established platform. Moreover, inter- and intra-observer reproducibility results were excellent.
Colossal grain growth yields single-crystal metal foils by contact-free annealing
Jin, Sunghwan,Huang, Ming,Kwon, Youngwoo,Zhang, Leining,Li, Bao-Wen,Oh, Sangjun,Dong, Jichen,Luo, Da,Biswal, Mandakini,Cunning, Benjamin V.,Bakharev, Pavel V.,Moon, Inyong,Yoo, Won Jong,Camacho-Mojica American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.362 No.6418
<P><B>Turning many into one</B></P><P>Single-crystal metal foils are valuable for their surface properties that allow for synthesis of materials like graphene. Jin <I>et al.</I> present a strategy for creating colossal single-crystal metal foils called “contact-free annealing” (see the Perspective by Rollett). The method relies on hanging and heating commercially available, inexpensive, cold-rolled metal foils. Almost as if by magic, the polycrystalline grains rotate and anneal into a large single-crystal sheet with a specific crystal orientation. The strategy allows for the creation of much larger and much cheaper single-crystal metal foils.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 1021; see also p. 996</P><P>Single-crystal metals have distinctive properties owing to the absence of grain boundaries and strong anisotropy. Commercial single-crystal metals are usually synthesized by bulk crystal growth or by deposition of thin films onto substrates, and they are expensive and small. We prepared extremely large single-crystal metal foils by “contact-free annealing” from commercial polycrystalline foils. The colossal grain growth (up to 32 square centimeters) is achieved by minimizing contact stresses, resulting in a preferred in-plane and out-of-plane crystal orientation, and is driven by surface energy minimization during the rotation of the crystal lattice followed by “consumption” of neighboring grains. Industrial-scale production of single-crystal metal foils is possible as a result of this discovery.</P>