Mosfet Models, Quantum Mechanical Effects and Modeling Approaches: A Review

Amit Chaudhry,J. N. Roy 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.1

Modeling is essential to simulate the operation of integrated circuit (IC) before its fabrication. Seeing a large number of Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) models available, it has become important to understand them and compare them for their pros and cons. The task becomes equally difficult when the complexity of these models becomes very high. The paper reviews the mainstream models with their physical relevance and their comparisons. Major short-channel and quantum effects in the models are outlined. Emphasis is set upon the latest compact models like BSIM, MOS Models 9/11, EKV, SP etc.

A New Approach to Quantify the Uniformity Grade of the Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Printed Features and Optimization of Process Parameters Using Nature-Inspired Algorithms

Amit Kumar Ball,Shibendu Shekhar Roy,Dakshina Ranjan Kisku,Naresh Chandra Murmu 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.3

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet is one of the non-contact jet based promising technology to fabricate high-resolution features of functional materials with higher efficiency. Uniformity of the deposited droplets is one of the key demands of the EHD inkjet system for printing micro-features in microsensors, printed flexible electronics or various MEMS devices. In this study, a new methodology has been proposed to model the uniformity grade of the deposited droplets. In this present work, a significant improvement in the printing quality has been achieved with the help of some modern optimization methods coupled with some traditional statistical methods. Instead of a single fixed solution (may or may not be feasible), the proposed methodology suggests a feasible region with a large set of solutions. It extends the operators’ flexibility to choose from a wide range of input parameters which yield droplet depositions with higher uniformity. The proposed methodology is further evaluated with some experimental runs to fabricate discrete dots and continuous line patterns. This method is considered to be a promising and effective alternative offline approach to increase the uniformity of the droplets.

Non-exhaust particulate pollution in Asian countries: A comprehensive review of sources, composition, and health effects

Anamika Roy,Mamun Mandal,Sujit Das,Manoj Kumar,Robert Popek,Amit Awasthi,Balendu Shekher Giri,Kartick Chandra Mondal,Abhijit Sarkar 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.3

Recent regulations on exhaust emissions have led to an increase in non-exhaust emissions, which now surpasses exhaust emissions. Non-exhaust emissions are mainly generated from brake and tire particle abrasion, road wear, and re-suspended road dust. In Asia, non-exhaust emissions have increased significantly over the past 50 years, resulting in almost 92% of the population breathing polluted air, which accounts for 70% of air pollution related-deaths. Most Asian countries with poor air quality are developing or underdeveloped. Taking this into consideration, the current study aims to shed light on particulate pollution from non-exhaust emissions in the Asian context to assess the current status and its health consequences and provides technological solutions. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of existing reviews and research concerning non-exhaust emissions and their health impacts in Asia to pinpoint knowledge gaps. The study found that particulate pollutants had exceeded WHOs standards in many Asian countries, bringing deleterious health consequences among children and the elderly. The findings underscore the significance of future researchers efforts to devise solutions that curtail non-exhaust emissions, ultimately reducing air pollution, augmenting air quality, fostering better health outcomes, and paving way for a more sustainable future before it is too late.

Mosfet Models, Quantum Mechanical Effects and Modeling Approaches: A Review

Chaudhry, Amit,Roy, J.N. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.1

Modeling is essential to simulate the operation of integrated circuit (IC) before its fabrication. Seeing a large number of Metal-Oxide-Silicon Field-Effect-Transistor (MOSFET) models available, it has become important to understand them and compare them for their pros and cons. The task becomes equally difficult when the complexity of these models becomes very high. The paper reviews the mainstream models with their physical relevance and their comparisons. Major short-channel and quantum effects in the models are outlined. Emphasis is set upon the latest compact models like BSIM, MOS Models 9/11, EKV, SP etc.

Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria for Renewable Bioethanol Production from Cellulosic Biomass

Sanchita Banerjee,Gargi Mishra,Amit Roy 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.5

Biomass is renewable and most abundant raw material on earth. Technologies have been employed to utilize this vast renewable resource for biofuel production. In recent years, microorganisms have received much attention for biofuel production so that it can replace the non-renewable fossil fuels. They secrete synergistic enzymes for degrading the complex biomass to simple sugars and subsequently fermenting them to alcohol. With the help of recombinant DNA technology and other metabolic engineering, biomass metabolizing enzymes and bioethanol producing microbes have been developed which have been used as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) reactors. In CBP, both hydrolysis and fermentation are carried out in a single reaction vessel. This review focuses on the recent achievements that have been made in some important industrial bacteria so that they are better capable of scavenging the biomass for bioethanol production. We have concentrated on introduction of heterologous genes and modifications of metabolic pathways in these microbes so that they can ferment a wide variety of sugars and at the same time can overcome the major challenges faced by them during ethanol production.

Low-pressure pneumatic muscles: development, phenomenological modeling, and evaluation in assistive applications through sEMG analysis

Aman Arora,Debadrata Sarkar,Amit Kumar,Soumen Sen,Shibendu Shekhar Roy 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

Compliant actuators have received much attention from researchers over the last two decades. Specifically, pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have been used in several human-in-loop assistive and rehabilitative devices due to their inherent behavior resembling biological muscles. We presented a lucid customizable fabrication process to develop lowpressure actuated PAMs, named pneumatic silicone tube artificial muscles (pSTAMs), and to cater activity-specific actuator requirements. Two constructions of pSTAMs with varying lengths were rigorously experimented at different pressure-load conditions for their isobaric static and stiffness characterizations. Estimation of bandwidth and use of empirical correction factors in the conventional analytical models for quasi-static characterization of pSTAMs were demonstrated. Lumped parameter-based phenomenological model was employed to closely model their dynamic characteristics. A detailed integrated electromyography analysis with surface electromyography signals from the targeted muscle groups was performed to determine the efficacy of using pSTAMs in two activities.

Weibull and Generalized Extreme Value Distributions for Wind Speed Data Analysis of Some Locations in India

Arnab Sarkar,Sneh Deep,D. Datta,Amit Vijaywargiya,R. Roy,V. S. Phanikanth 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.8

Wind velocity data modeling plays a crucial role for the estimation of wind load and wind energy. Apart from these, the same modeling must also be used in the load cycle analysis of fatigue failure in slender structures to address periodic vortex shedding. Most authors fitted the entire available range of wind velocities of various locations using Weibull models. However, they did not check the validity of the model in describing the range of extreme wind velocity. In this work, the validity of Weibull models for describing parent as well as extreme hourly mean wind velocity data for four places on the east coast of India has been checked. While it predicts lower wind speeds accurately, the Weibull model has been found to become inappropriate for describing wind velocity in the range of extremes, i.e., above a certain threshold value. Therefore, this article focuses on the techniques of determininga limiting wind velocity beyond which the Weibull distribution is rendered unsuitable. In the range where the Weibull distributionfails, various extreme value distributions, such as Gumbel, Fréchet and reverse Weibull distributions have been compared, therebydetermining the best estimator for each location.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Cytokeratins in Acquired Cholesteatoma and Its Clinico-Radiological Correlation

Kanodia Anupam,Kakkar Aanchal,Verma Yash,Roy Diya,Verma Hitesh,Singh Chirom Amit,Monga Rabia,Jain Deepali,Thakar Alok,Sikka Kapil 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls.Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage.Results: An increased expression of CK17 (<i>p</i><0.001), CK13 (<i>p</i><0.03), and Ki67 (<i>p</i><0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural).Conclusions: The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.

Clinical profile of dasatinib in Asian and non-Asian patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Kim, Dong-Wook,Goh, Yeow-Tee,Hsiao, Hui-Hua,Caguioa, Priscilla B.,Kim, Dongho,Kim, Wan-Seok,Saikia, Tapan,Agrawal, Shruti,Roy, Amit,Dai, David,Bradley-Garelik, M. Brigid,Mukhopadhyay, Jaydip,Jootar, S Springer-Verlag 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY Vol.89 No.5

<P>Resistance and intolerance to imatinib are of particular clinical relevance to Asian patients because of their lower body surface area. Dasatinib is 325-fold more potent than imatinib in inhibiting BCR-ABL in vitro and is indicated for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Data from a series of phase I/II research trials were analyzed to compare the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of dasatinib 70 mg twice daily in Asian and non-Asian patients. Results from 55 Asian and 615 non-Asian patients demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of dasatinib was comparable. Dasatinib was well tolerated, with no observed toxicities exclusive to Asian patients. A higher incidence of adverse events and lower rate of response observed among Asian patients with myeloid blast phase CML reflected the aggressive nature of the disease. Analyses of noncompartmental pharmacokinetics (5 Asian and 49 non-Asian patients) and population pharmacokinetics (17 Asian and 382 non-Asian patients) were also comparable. The efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of dasatinib 70 mg twice daily is similar in Asian and non-Asian patients with CML. Dasatinib is therefore an important therapeutic option for this patient population.</P>