In Vitro Cholinomimetic Effect of Loranthus Ferrugineus in Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum

Omar Ziad Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Siddiqui,Mun Fei Yam,Raghava Naidu Sriramaneni,Amirin Sadikun,Zhari Ismail,Amin Malik Shah,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.4

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the spasmogenic action of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum. Thus the contractile responses of guinea pig ileum to graded additions of either L. ferrugineus methanol extract or its n-butanol fraction were tested in the presence and absence of various pharmacological interventions. The data showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract and the n-butanol fraction produced a concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum segments. These effects were significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 μM atropine. In contrast, the response to the lowest concentrations of L. ferrugineus methanol extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) and n-butanol fraction of L. ferrugineus (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) were considerably enhanced in the presence of 0.05 μM neostigmine. Neither L. ferrugineus methanol extract nor n-butanol fraction contractile responses were affected upon the incubation of the ileal segments with 100 μM hexamethonium. The results of this study show that the spasmogenic effect of L. ferrugineus is possibly mediated through a direct action on intestinal muscarinic receptors. It is suggested that the bioactive constituents of L. ferrugineus serve as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the spasmogenic action of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum. Thus the contractile responses of guinea pig ileum to graded additions of either L. ferrugineus methanol extract or its n-butanol fraction were tested in the presence and absence of various pharmacological interventions. The data showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract and the n-butanol fraction produced a concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum segments. These effects were significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 μM atropine. In contrast, the response to the lowest concentrations of L. ferrugineus methanol extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) and n-butanol fraction of L. ferrugineus (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) were considerably enhanced in the presence of 0.05 μM neostigmine. Neither L. ferrugineus methanol extract nor n-butanol fraction contractile responses were affected upon the incubation of the ileal segments with 100 μM hexamethonium. The results of this study show that the spasmogenic effect of L. ferrugineus is possibly mediated through a direct action on intestinal muscarinic receptors. It is suggested that the bioactive constituents of L. ferrugineus serve as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase.

Topical onion juice mitigates the morphological alterations of the cornea in the aged male rats

Islam Omar Abdel Fattah,Gisma Ahmed Madani,Wael Amin Nasr El-Din 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.3

Aging is associated with structural and functional changes of the cornea. Fresh onion juice contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids that may provide an anti-aging effect. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the onion juice to ameliorate these aging changes. Rats were grouped as adult and aged groups. Rats of both groups received eye drops of diluted onion juice in their right eyes every 8 hours for 12 weeks, while the left ones were served as control eyes. The corneas of both eyes underwent histopathological, immunohistochemical and morphometric assessments, in addition to measuring their intraocular pressure (IOP). The aged group exhibited a significantly elevated IOP, decreased tear secretion, degenerated corneal epithelium and endothelium, surface erosions and stromal edema with irregular collagen fibers. Administration of onion juice led to lowering of IOP, significant increase in tearing, restoration of most of epithelial, endothelial and stromal integrity, and increased epithelial, keratocystic and endothelial cell densities. Immunohistochemically, the epithelium and endothelium revealed positive immune reactions for both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and paired box protein-6 (PAX6) in the control and onion-treated corneas of the adult group, while these immune reactions were negative in the untreated aged ones. Onion drops in aged corneas showed a positive immune reaction for EFGR and PAX6 involving the epithelial and endothelial layers. In conclusion, topical onion juice improves corneal aging changes through its direct effect, and indirectly through lowering IOP and enhancing tear secretion.

Prevalence of the anatomical variations of concha bullosa and its relation with sinusitis among Saudi population: a computed tomography scan study

Wael Amin Nasr El-Din,Gisma Ahmed Madani,Islam Omar Abdel Fattah,Esmat Mahmoud,Asmaa S. Essawy 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.2

Concha bullosa (CB) is a pneumatic cavitation inside a concha in the nasal cavity. It is one of the most widely recognized nasal variations and is mostly found in the middle concha. CB is divided according to its site into three types; lamellar, bulbous and extensive. The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of CB among Saudi adult population and its association with sinusitis by using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). This was a retrospective study carried out over a three-year period on 879 adult Saudi patients aged 18 years or older, referred for MDCT assessment of paranasal sinuses. Males were 540 and females were 339. Patients with facial congenital anomalies or nasal trauma were excluded from our study. CB was prevalent in both males and females among Saudi population (55.4%, 55.7%) respectively. Bilateral CB (55.5%) was more frequent than unilateral (44.5%). Extensive CB (44.0%) was the most frequent type. Sinusitis was associated more in patients with CB (48.0%) versus those who have no CB (5.9%). In conclusion, CB was prevalent among Saudi population and the most frequently recorded is the extensive type. Furthermore, the most common type associated with sinusitis was extensive CB (49.6%).

Impact of Breast Cancer and Combination Chemotherapy on Oxidative Stress, Hepatic and Cardiac Markers

Kamal Adel Amin,Basant Mahmoud Mohamed,Mohamed Aly M. El-wakil,Sanaa Omar Ibrahem 한국유방암학회 2012 Journal of breast cancer Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Carcinoma of the breast is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women and constitutes 29% of National Cancer Institute cases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breast cancer on oxidative stress, cardiac markers and liver function tests, moreover the role of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in the treatment of breast cancer and its mechanism through changing the measured markers. Methods: Forty female breast cancer patients who were admitted to the Department of Oncology of the Beni-Suef University Hospital were enrolled in the study. This study included three arms: a control group of healthy age-matched females (n=20), breast cancer patients who weren’t receiving treatment (n=20), and patients undergoing treatment with anticancer combination drugs FAC (n=20). Blood samples collected from the control subjects and patients were analysed to determine levels of catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), uric acid, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and creatinine. Results: The levels of catalase and GSH were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in breast carcinoma and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The lipid peroxidation and NO levels were significantly enhanced in both untreated and FAC treated breast cancer patients. The CK and LDH were significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in the FAC group. Conclusion: The results from the present study show that oxidative stress is implicated in breast carcinoma and chemotherapy aggravates this oxidative stress which causes damage to many cellular targets and has the main side effect of cardiotoxicity.

Stage by stage design for primary, conventional activated sludge, SBR and MBBR units for residential wastewater treatment and reusing

Aziz, Shuokr Qarani,Omar, Imad Ali,Bashir, Mohammed J.K.,Mojiri, Amin Techno-Press 2020 Advances in environmental research Vol.9 No.4

To date, there is no central wastewater (WW) treatment plant in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Therefore, raw WW disposes to the environment and sometimes it used directly for irrigation in some areas of Erbil city. Disposal of the untreated WW to the natural environment and using for irrigation it causes problems for the people and the environment. The aims of the current work were to study the characteristics, design of primary and different secondary treatment units and reusing of produced WW. Raw WW samples from Ashty city-Erbil city were collected and analyzed for twenty three quality parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), total dissolved solids, total volatile and non-volatile solids, total acidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biodegradability ratio (BOD5/COD), turbidity, etc. Results revealed that some parameters such as BOD5 and TSS were exceeded the standards for disposal of WW. Design and calculations for primary and secondary treatment (biological treatment) processes were presented. Primary treatment units such as screening, grit chamber, and flow equalization tank were designed and detailed calculation were illustrated. While, Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) were applied for the biological treatment of WW. Results revealed that MBBR was the best and economic technique for the biological treatment of WW. Treated WW is suitable for reusing and there is no restriction on use for irrigation of green areas inside Ashty city campus.

Tribological behavior of concrete with different mineral additions

Belaidi, Amina,Hacene, Mohammed Amine Boukli,Kadri, El-Hadj,Taleb, Omar Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.3

The present work aims at investigating the effects of using various fine mineral additions as partial replacement to Portland cement on the tribological properties of concrete. To achieve this goal, concrete mixtures were prepared with different percentages (10, 20 and 30%) of limestone fillers (LF) and natural pozzolana (NP), and (20, 40 and 60%) of blast furnace slag (BFS). The interface yield stress (τ0) and viscous constants (η) that allow characterizing friction at the concrete-pipe wall interface were determined using a rotational tribometer. In addition, the compositions of the boundary layers that formed in the pumping pipes of the different concretes under study were also identified and analyzed. The experimental results obtained showed that the concretes studied have a linear tribological behavior that can be described by the Bingham model. Furthermore, the use of different mineral additions, especially limestone fillers and blast furnace slags, even at high rates, had a beneficial effect on the optimization of the volume of paste present in the boundary layer, which made it possible to significantly reduce the viscous constant of concrete. However, a maximum rate of 10% of natural pozzolana was recommended to achieve tribological properties that are favorable to the pumpability of concrete.

Nasal septal anatomical variations among Saudi population and their possible coincidence with sinusitis: a computed tomography scan study

Gisma Ahmed Madani,Wael Amin Nasr El-Din,Asmaa S. Essawy,Khamrunissa Hussain,Islam Omar Abdel Fattah 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.4

The nasal septum is a crucial supporting factor for the nasal cavity and may develop several anatomical variants including septal deviation, spur and pneumatization. These variants could be associated with a higher incidence of sinusitis due to structural and functional alterations. So, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of nasal septal deviation (NSD), nasal septal spur (NSS) and nasal septal pneumatization (NSP) among the Saudi adult population and their links with the incidence of sinusitis by using computed tomography (CT). A retrospective study was achieved over a twenty-two months period on 681 adult Saudi subjects (420 males and 261 females) aged 20 years or older, referred for coronal CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. NSD and NSS were significantly more prevalent in males than females (80.0% vs. 67.4% respectively for NSD, and 34.5% vs. 24.9% respectively for NSS), while there was no statistical difference in frequency of NSP regarding gender (P=0.670). The incidence of sinusitis was significantly higher in presence of NSD and/or NSS (P<0.001 for both). On the contrary, NSP was not associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of sinusitis (P=0.131). In conclusion, NSD and NSS are more prevalent in males than females among the Saudi population with no statistical difference between both genders regarding the presence of septal pneumatization. Furthermore, sinusitis is more prevalent with the occurrence of NSD and NSS, and not related to the incidence of NSP.

Distribution of HPV Genotypes in Cervical Cancer in Multiethnic Malaysia

Raub, Sayyidi Hamzi Abdul,Isa, Nurismah Md.,Zailani, Hatta Ahmad,Omar, Baharudin,Abdullah, Mohamad Farouk,Amin, Wan Anna Mohd,Noor, Rushdan Md.,Ayub, Mukarramah Che,Abidin, Zainal,Kassim, Fauziah,Vick Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Background: Cervical cancer is the third commonest type of cancer among women in Malaysia. Our aim was to determine the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes in cervical cancer in our multi-ethnic population. Materials and Methods: This was a multicentre study with a total of 280 cases of cervical cancer from 4 referral centres in Malaysia, studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of 12 high risk-HPV genotypes. Results: Overall HPV was detected in 92.5% of cases, in 95.9% of squamous cell carcinomas and 84.3%of adenocarcinomas. The five most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (68.2%), 18 (40%), 58 (10.7%), 33 (10.4%) and 52 (10.4%). Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent (55.7%) than single HPV infections (36.8%). The percentage of HPV positive cases in Chinese, Malays and Indians were 95.5%, 91.9% and 80.0%, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were the commonest in all ethnic groups. We found that the percentage of HPV 16 infection was significantly higher in Chinese (75.9%) compared to Malays (63.7%) and Indians (52.0%) (p<0.05), while HPV 18 was significantly higher in Malays (52.6%) compared to Chinese (25.0%) and Indians (28%) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, HPV 33 (17.9%) and 52 (15.2%) were also more commonly detected in the Chinese (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the distribution of HPV genotype in Malaysia is similar to other Asian countries. Importantly, we found that different ethnic groups in Malaysia have different HPV genotype infection rates, which is a point to consider during the implementation of HPV vaccination.

Proapoptotic and Antimetastatic Properties of Supercritical CO2 Extract of Nigella sativa Linn. Against Breast Cancer Cells

Hussein M. Baharetha,Zeyad D. Nassar,Abdalrahim F. Aisha,Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed,Foaud Saleih R. Al-Suede,Mohd Omar Abd Kadir,Zhari Ismail,Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.12

Nigella sativa, commonly referred as black cumin, is a popular spice that has been used since the ancient Egyptians. It has traditionally been used for treatment of various human ailments ranging from fever to intestinal disturbances to cancer. This study investigated the apoptotic, antimetastatic, and anticancer activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extracts of the seeds of N. sativa Linn. against estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Twelve extracts were prepared from N. sativa seeds using the SC-CO2 extraction method by varying pressure and temperature. Extracts were analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on various human cancer and normal cell lines. Of the 12 extracts, 1 extract (A3) that was prepared at 60C and 2500 psi (*17.24 MPa) showed selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 53.34 – 2.15 lg/mL. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by evaluating caspases activities and observing the cells under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro antimetastatic properties of A3 were investigated by colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. The elevated levels of caspases in A3 treated MCF-7 cells suggest that A3 is proapoptotic. Further nuclear condensation and fragmentation studies confirmed that A3 induces cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway. A3 also demonstrated remarkable inhibition in migration and invasion assays of MCF-7 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of N. sativa in targeting breast cancer.

Spectroscopic and cloud point studies of the interaction and thermodynamics of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride+surfactants mixture in different solvents: Effect of temperature and composition

Md. Anamul Hoque,Md. Mofaqkharur Rahman,Shamim Mahbub,Mezbah Hossain,Mohammed Abdullah Khan,Md. Ruhul Amin,Ali S. Alqahtani,Mohammad Z. Ahmed,Mohammed S. Alqahtani,Omar M. Almarfadi 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.7

Surfactant is one of the most important chemical entities in drug formulation which can bind with drug molecules. Herein, the binding interaction of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) drug with two different surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TX-100)) has been investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopic and cloud point measurement techniques at different conditions. The absorption spectrum of CFH was found to be dependent on presence of additives/temperature change. The binding constant (Kb) of CFH+SDS/CFH+TX-100 was found to be increased primarily, reached a maximum value and then decreased with the increase of temperature, except in water medium (pH=2.0) and 30% (v/v) methanol. The Kb values for CFH+SDS were found to be higher in the aqueous medium than almost all medium studied herein, while better binding was observed in the alcoholic medium in the case of the CFH+TX-100 system. The Gibbs free energy of binding (Gb o) for both CFH+SDS and CFH+TX- 100 systems were attained negative in each case studied, inferring the spontaneous binding phenomenon. The cloud point (CP) value of CFH+TX-100 mixture was lessened in ZnSO4·7H2O solution and the CP values exhibited a gradual reduction through the upsurge of electrolyte concentration. The positive values of the Gibbs free energy of clouding indicated the nonspontaneous clouding phenomena. To disclose the interaction between drug and surfactant, other thermodynamic parameters, e.g., enthalpy (Hb o) and entropy (Sb o), different transfer energies as well as entropyenthalpy compensation parameters of binding/clouding were evaluated and clarified with proper explanation.