Bioenergy potential and thermochemical characterization of lignocellulosic biomass residues available in Pakistan

Aisha Abdullah,Ashfaq Ahmed,Parveen Akhter,Abdul Razzaq,Muhammad Zafar,Murid Hussain,Nasir Shahzad,Khaliq Majeed,Shahzad Khurrum,Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar,박영권 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.11

We evaluated the thermochemical properties and suitability of a variety of lignocellulosic biomass residues in Pakistan for energy production. Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses were performed to know the energy perspective, whereas thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the decomposition behavior of biomass samples under pyrolysis conditions. The moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content in the biomass samples were found within the range of 4.38-5.69%, 63.25-80.53%, 7.97-23.13%, and 7.12-14.35%, respectively. The range of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen content was reported as 35.83-47.23%, 5.2-6.56%, and 45.6-58.55%, respectively. Lower values of sulfur and nitrogen content amongst the samples indicated that the biomass was environmentally friendly in terms of energy production. The heating value of the biomass was reported in the range of 15.20-18.44 MJ/kg. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the existence of hydroxyl, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, ether, and halogen groups. Orange leaf biomass indicated a greater potential in producing bio-oil, whereas the horticulture biomass and mango leaves may have greater potential for biochar

A Numerical Framework for the Analysis of Handoff Delay Component in Proxy NEMO Environment

Shayla Islam,Aisha-Hassan A. Hashim,Azween Abdullah,Mohammad Kamrul Hasan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.8

Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol (NEMO-BSP), the existing IETF standard for mobile network support, signifies an important portion for future heterogeneous wireless access networks. The reason is to provide continuous Internet connectivity during movement of Mobile Router (MR) in NEMO. This paper conducted a quantitative analysis on the handoff delay component of NEMO-BSP as well as its existing enhancements, i.e., Fast NEMO (F-NEMO) handoffs, and an Extension of F-NEMO (EF-NEMO), using the numerical framework. The mathematical scenario includes two access routers, one local home agent and up to 20 MRs that interrelate by two different wireless access networks are mainly WiFi and WiMAX. The analysis offers quantitative outcomes of the performance enhancements achieved via the proposed improvements concerning handoff delay gain, packet loss, and packet loss ratio. The numerical results assist in understanding the influence of link switching delay, mobility rate, and radius on the handoff delay gain, packet loss, and packet loss ratio. The results of this analysis will also be aided to pick an appropriate mobility management scheme for Proxy NEMO environment.

Evaluation of an Enhanced Multicast Data Flow Technique in Network Mobility

Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman,Aisha-Hassan A. Hashim,Azween Abdullah,Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli,Shayla Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.7

Mobile IPTV applications are becoming very popular worldwide. According to CISCO research, mobile Internet video usage is increasing rapidly each year and soon reaching zettabyte threshold in 2019. With the increase number of traffic, it is a great effort for internet service provider to provide acceptable network performance. The objective of this paper is to mathematically evaluate a new proposed mobile multicast technique to support high performance mobile IP traffic. The new technique enhanced multicast services in Network Mobility Management which is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). The evaluation is done using mathematical equations that are derived from signaling call flow of the multicast process in the proposed technique. Results are analyzed and compared with the current base solution technique. Using mathematical analysis this paper validates and highlights the strengths of the proposed technique compared to the existing technique.

Parametric Comparison of Multicast Support for Network Mobility Management : A Qualitative Analysis

Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman,Aisha-Hassan A. Hashim,Azween Abdullah,Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli,Shayla Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.9

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was initially introduced to assist unicast network-based mobility. In recent years, new approaches have been introduced to provide multicast support in PMIPv6. IP multicast is an imperative mechanism for internet video provision. As the usage of internet data traffic remains to develop rapidly, there is a need to optimize and improve the performance of multicast service. Issues such as large overhead, high packet loss rate, single point of failure, service disruption time, handover latency, and non-route optimization needs to be tackled efficiently. To provide multicast services in PMIPv6, route optimization, global mobility, load balancing and context transfer approaches have been introduced. The foremost aim of this paper is to study and analyze these methods via qualitative analysis. This is to focus the advantages and the limitations of the current approaches.

Network Simulators Parametric Comparison for Network Mobility Management

Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman,Aisha-Hassan A. Hashim,Azween Abdullah,Huda Adibah Mohd Ramli,Shayla Islam 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.9 No.10

It is generally known that network simulator is a program used to verify new or existing network architecture and its activities. Basically network simulator helps to implement the virtual part of network research. This has save a lot of cost on analysis as the results of a network simulator is very close to real network cases. In recent researches, new models and prototypes are introduced to enable latest technologies support on network simulators. Some well-known network simulators are NS2, NS3, OMNET++ and QUALNET. As network research continues to grow rapidly, there is a need to analyze the supports and services offered by each network simulators. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze these network simulators in term of network mobility supports. This is because network mobility management has become a crucial topic in networking research. In selecting the right network simulators, issues such as CPU utilization, memory usage, computation time, feasibility, scalability and affordability need to be wisely studied. Using qualitative analysis this paper highlights the strengths and the limitations of these network simulators. The qualitative evaluations of these simulators are hereby presented.

FTCARP: A Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

( Zamree Che-aron ),( Aisha Hassan Abdalla ),( Khaizuran Abdullah ),( Arafatur Rahman ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.2

Cognitive Radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to remedy the problems of spectrum scarcity and spectrum underutilization by enabling unlicensed users to opportunistically utilize temporally unused licensed spectrums in a cautious manner. In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), data routing is one of the most challenging tasks since the channel availability and node mobility are unpredictable. Moreover, the network performance is severely degraded due to large numbers of path failures. In this paper, we propose the Fault-Tolerant Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (FTCARP) to provide fast and efficient route recovery in presence of path failures during data delivery in CRAHNs. The protocol exploits the joint path and spectrum diversity to offer reliable communication and efficient spectrum usage over the networks. In the proposed protocol, a backup path is utilized in case a failure occurs over a primary transmission route. Different cause of a path failure will be handled by different route recovery mechanism. The protocol performance is compared with that of the Dual Diversity Cognitive Ad-hoc Routing Protocol (D2CARP). The simulation results obviously prove that FTCARP outperforms D2CARP in terms of throughput, packet loss, end-to-end delay and jitter in the high path-failure rate CRAHNs.