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Prevalence and Self-recognition of Chronic Constipation: Results of an Internet Survey
( Akio Tamura ),( Toshihiko Tomita ),( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Fumihiko Toyoshima ),( Takahisa Yamasaki ),( Takuya Okugawa ),( Takashi Kondo ),( Tomoaki Kono ),( Katsuyuki Tozawa ),( Hisatomo Ikehara ),( 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.4
Background/Aims Although chronic constipation is a common symptom, to date no international consensus has been reached regarding its definition. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate defecation habits and (2) to examine the prevalence of constipation using the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (JSIM) and the Rome III criteria using an online survey. Methods An online questionnaire composed of items on the frequency, interval, form of defecation, the management, and self-recognition of constipation (reference standard of constipation) was created. A total of 5155 valid responses were received. In addition, constipation symptoms were evaluated through a survey using the JSIM and the Rome III criteria. Results In the internet survey, 28.4% of the respondents considered themselves to be constipated. Stratified by sex, significantly more females (37.5%) than males (19.1%) considered themselves to be constipated (P < 0.001). The prevalence of constipation among the respondents was 28.0% using the Rome III, but only 10.1% using the JSIM. The diagnostic accuracy was 73.2% for the Rome III and 78.1% for the JSIM, while the diagnostic specificity was 81.1% for the Rome III and 97.5% for the JSIM. However, the diagnostic sensitivities for both measures were low, at 52.2% and 29.2% for the Rome III and the JSIM, respectively. Conclusions The online survey developed for this study was able to provide clarification regarding defecation patterns. The results also suggest a discrepancy between the self-recognized prevalence of constipation in Japan and prevalence of constipation based on the JSIM criteria.
( Takahisa Yamasaki ),( Toshihiko Tomita ),( Sumire Mori ),( Mayu Takimoto ),( Akio Tamura ),( Ken Hara ),( Takashi Kondo ),( Tomoaki Kono ),( Katsuyuki Tozawa ),( Yoshio Ohda ),( Tadayuki Oshima ),( 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.3
Background/Aims High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of achalasia. However, the Japan Esophageal Society recommends that esophagography is also accurate in either diagnosing or excluding the disorder. Accordingly, we compared the efficacy of esophagography and HREM in diagnosing achalasia patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods HREM was performed in 126 patients with dysphagia. The final diagnosis of achalasia was done using HREM. Demographic data, symptoms, quality of life (QOL) were also obtained. We assessed the patients who were not able to be diagnosed by esophagography and compared the diagnostic values for esophagography with HREM-based achalasia diagnosis as the gold standard. Results A total of 48 cases of patients with achalasia, including 21 men and 27 women (mean age, 48.4 ± 19.6 years), were included in the study. Two patients were excluded. Of the remaining 46 patients, 36 (78.3%) patients were diagnosed as having achalasia by esophagography. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of esophagography were 78.3%, 88.0%, and 83.0%, respectively. Patients with type III achalasia had significantly lower physical QOL score than those with type I or II achalasia. Although the mental QOL score in patients with type III achalasia tended to decrease compared with that in patients with type I and II achalasia, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Diagnosing esophageal achalasia by using esophagography alone has limited yield. Therefore, HREM should be used in patients with dysphagia and in whom achalasia cannot be diagnosed using EGD or esophagography. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:403-409)
Spin-wave eigenmodes in single disk-shaped FeB nanomagnet
Cho, Jaehun,Miwa, Shinji,Yakushiji, Kay,Tamaru, Shingo,Kubota, Hitoshi,Fukushima, Akio,Fujimoto, Satoshi,Tamura, Eiiti,You, Chun-Yeol,Yuasa, Shinji,Suzuki, Yoshishige American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review B Vol.94 No.18
<P>Spin-wave eigenmodes in a disk-shaped FeB nanomagnet were investigated using magnetic tunnel junctions with a FeB magnetic layer and MgO barrier. Noise spectrum measurements for a perpendicularly magnetized junction of 120 nm in diameter showed thermal excitation of distinct spin-wave modes. The measured spectra were compared with analytical calculations and numerical simulations. As a result, the observed modes were classified as spin-wave eigenmodes with various nodal circles and nodal diameter modes by taking into account splitting between directional spin-wave modes originating from dynamic dipolar interaction instead of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. These results provide a fundamental understanding of spin dynamics in nanosize spintronic devices.</P>