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이안구,최용혁,조성용,조인래 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.1
Purpose: We aimed to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy in patients with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by consideration of prostatic inflammation. Materials and Methods: The investigation was conducted prospectively in 413 patients with a PSA level of 4 to 10 ng/ml from January 2004 to December 2009. All patients underwent the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or voided bladder urine 3 (VB3) test to be classified into two groups: positive group and negative group. Patients with a positive result on the EPS or VB3 test were treated with antibiotics for 2 months, and in cases in which the PSA level remained high, we performed prostate biopsy. In patients with a negative result on the VB3 test, we performed prostate biopsy directly. Results: Of the 413 study patients, 215 (52%) patients had positive findings on the EPS or VB3 test. After 8 weeks of antibiotics therapy, 53 of the 215 men avoided prostate biopsy because their PSA level was normalized. The other patients (162 of 215) still had elevated PSA levels of more than 4 ng/ml, including 7 patients in whom the biopsy revealed cancer. Patients with negative findings (198 of 413) underwent prostate biopsy. Of the 198 patients, 41 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The total prostate cancer detection rate was 11.6% in our subjects, where as it was 20.7% in the patients with negative findings on the EPS or VB3 and 3.3% in the patients with positive findings, respectively. Conclusions: In cases in which the PSA level is increasing, if we first exclude prostatitis and carry out a serial diagnostic procedure, it may help to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy. Purpose: We aimed to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy in patients with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by consideration of prostatic inflammation. Materials and Methods: The investigation was conducted prospectively in 413 patients with a PSA level of 4 to 10 ng/ml from January 2004 to December 2009. All patients underwent the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or voided bladder urine 3 (VB3) test to be classified into two groups: positive group and negative group. Patients with a positive result on the EPS or VB3 test were treated with antibiotics for 2 months, and in cases in which the PSA level remained high, we performed prostate biopsy. In patients with a negative result on the VB3 test, we performed prostate biopsy directly. Results: Of the 413 study patients, 215 (52%) patients had positive findings on the EPS or VB3 test. After 8 weeks of antibiotics therapy, 53 of the 215 men avoided prostate biopsy because their PSA level was normalized. The other patients (162 of 215) still had elevated PSA levels of more than 4 ng/ml, including 7 patients in whom the biopsy revealed cancer. Patients with negative findings (198 of 413) underwent prostate biopsy. Of the 198 patients, 41 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The total prostate cancer detection rate was 11.6% in our subjects, where as it was 20.7% in the patients with negative findings on the EPS or VB3 and 3.3% in the patients with positive findings, respectively. Conclusions: In cases in which the PSA level is increasing, if we first exclude prostatitis and carry out a serial diagnostic procedure, it may help to reduce unnecessary prostatic biopsy.
전립선비대증 환자에서 술 전 전립선특이항원치 4 ng/ml 기준으로 경요도전립선절제술 후에 발생하는 전립선특이항원의 감소치 비교 및 의의
이안구,조성용,조인래 대한남성과학회 2010 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.28 No.3
Purpose: We compared prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction after performing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) according to a preoperative PSA value of 4 ng/ml and analyzed the meaning of elevation of the preoperative PSA value over 4 ng/ml. Materials and Methods: We investigated the PSA level and prostate volume by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), urine flow rate, residual urine volume, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) preoperatively and at 1 year after performing TURP in 61 clinically diagnosed BPH patients who had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We enrolled the 61 patients into 2 groups according to their preoperative PSA level relative to 4 ng/ml and compared the PSA reduction ratio (postoperative PSA level/preoperative PSA level), prostate volume reduction ratio, preoperative prostate volume, resected prostate volume, preoperative residual urine volume, preoperative maximal flow rate, and IPSS in each group. Results: In the preoperative PSA group ≥4 ng/ml, the PSA reduction ratio was significantly lower than the PSA group <4 ng/ml and there were significant differences between the two groups in total IPSS, obstructive score, and preoperative maximal urine flow rate but no significant differences in preoperative prostate volume, prostate volume reduction ratio, or resected prostate volume. Conclusions: Marked PSA reduction after performing TURP was achieved in members of the preoperative PSA group ≥4 ng/ml, who are expected to have more severe bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).
일본어 모어 학습자를 위한 한글 자모 도입에 대하여 -일본 대학교 초급 교재의 경우-
이안구 ( An Koo Lee ) 한국어교육학회(구 한국국어교육연구학회) 2015 국어교육 Vol.0 No.150
This paper aims to compare and analyze the unit of Korean Alphabet in Korean elementary textbooks for university students in Japan. In Chapter 2, the order of introducing the Korean Alphabet in textbooks for Japanese students are reviewed and sorted by vowel and consonant characters. Many patterns of introducing the Korean vowel and consonant characters are grouped together and investigated. In Korean textbooks, many words are conferred in introducing the Korean Alphabet. In Chapter 3, the words presented as examples for the Korean Alphabet in Korean textbooks are sorted by frequency. Each of the words is checked by the published lists of the Korean elementary vocabulary and examined. It is proposed that the teaching strategies for Japanese students are required in introducing Korean Alphabet. In Chapter 4, a tentative model for introducing Korean Alphabet for Japanese students is suggested.
송현동,조인래,이안구,조성용 대한남성과학회 2009 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.27 No.1
Priapism is an abnormal persistent penile erection that continues for more than 4 hours, without sexual stimulation according to the definition of the AUA (American Urological Association) guideline on the management of priapism. It was relatively rare in the past but has been increasing in the incidence since the advent of pharmacological agents. Stuttering priapism is a recurrent form of ischemic priapism and its treatment goal is to prevent the recurrences of priapism and resultant erectile dysfunction. We present the case of a patient who took tadalafil and thereafter had idiopathic recurrent episodes of ischemic priapism during the sleep and we show several treatment options of stuttering priapism with review of recent related articles.