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MARK TWAIN, Huckleberry Finn에 나오는 "I says와 Says I"
呂甲基 慶北工業專文大學 1966 論文集 Vol.3 No.-
속어에 있어서는 인칭과 수에 관계없이 동사어미에 s가 붙은 형태가 쓰이는 경우가 있고, 특히 과법의 회화내용을 직접화법의 형식으로 전달할 경우에, I said 대신에 I says가 쓰이는 경우가 있다. 이처럼 동사가 과법형 대신에 현재형이 쓰이는 것은 Dramatic Present의 형식이라고 보면 되겠다.
呂甲基 慶北工業專門大學 1975 論文集 Vol.12 No.-
The uses of the progressive, especially in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, are treated in this paper. The combination of the verb be with the present participle is known as the progressive, because it generally denotes an action or a state as continuing. The simpler form denotes an act as a fact, while the progressive usually expresses the idea of continuance. This form is also used to express different shades of the idea of emotion, expressing pleasure, displeasure, praise, censure, etc. With the auxiliary verb can, the progressive is used to denote an action going on at the present moment. The pattern be+presnet participle is used to denote future time. The progressive of to go with an infinitive is used to express an intention or future time.
Hell as an expletive : The use of hell in The Catcher in the Rye
Yoh,Kap Kee 慶北工業專門大學 1968 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
The present paper is to treat the uses of hell and its euphemisms in The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. We have, in all, 259 instances of hell and its euphemisms quoted from our text and we are going to arrange them according to their patterns. There are a number of forms of swearwords or improper words in English: bastard, damn, devil, hell, etc. plus their variants, combinations, and euphemisms. We shall not refer to the details of them here because our main subject is the use of hell. We shall mention the meaning of swearword before taking up our subject.