여가,레크리에이션학 : 한국 이민자들의 여가 억제요소와 협상

한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.1

여가 억제요소와 그것을 협상 또는 극복해 나가는 과정에 대한 연구는 그동안 다양한 대상과 주제를 가지고 진행되어져 왔다. 미국내에서 아시아인들의 인구가 증가하고, 그중 한인들이 차지하는 비중도 점점 증가하는 추세에 있으나, 한인들을 대상으로한 연구는 실행되어지지 못한 실정에 있다. 그러므로, 본 연구의 목적은 미국에 거주하고 있는 한국 이민자들의 이민전과 후의 여가 경험과 억제요소를 조사 비교하고, 그들이 가지고 있는 억제요소(Constraints)에 대한 협상(Negotiation)을 조사하는데 있다.자료의 수집을 위하여 질적 연구 방법 중 하나인 인터뷰 가이드를 이용한 In-depth interviewing (Henderson, 1991)이 채택되었다. 필라델피아에 거주하는 7명의 대상자가 스노우볼 샘플링(Snowball Sampling) 방법에 의하여 선택되었고, 한인 지역사회의 전문가로 구성된 2명의 핵심 정보자(Key Informant)가 추가되었다. 자료의 수집은 2001년 8월부터 2002년 2월까지 7개월간 필라델피아 지역에서 실시되었다. 한인들의 이민의 주 목적은 경제적으로 윤택해지기 위해서와 자녀의 교육문제가 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 이민을 통한 변화 속에서 이민자들은 여가 활동 뿐 만 아니라 삶에서도 많은 변화를 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 한인들은 문화의 변화에 따라 자기 심리적 여가 억제요소(Intrapersonal Constraints)와 대인관계 여가 억제요소(Interpersonal Constraints)를 다소 가지고 있으나, 가장 두드러진 억제요소로 시간과, 금전적 여유, 언어장애 그리고 많은 일에 대한 부담과 같은 구조적인 억제요소(Structural Constraints)를 가지고 있는 것이 지배적으로 나타났다. 이러한 요소에 대한 협상(Negotiation)에서도, 경제적 부의 축적을 위해서 여가억제요소를 극복하지 못하는 소극적 협상을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

인문,사회과학편 : 재미 한인들의 자기심리적, 대인관계적, 구조적 여가제약의 비교

한우진(WooJinHan),권문배(MunBaeKwon) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the leisure constraints levels for Korean Americans within three types of constraints; intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural(Crawford & Godbey, 1987). The hope was that this study's results would enhance both theoretical and practical understanding of the leisure constraints of Korean Americans. Such understanding may improve the delivery of leisure services to Korean Americans.After pilot testing, data for the main study were collected from Korean Americans who lived in the Philadelphia area. Data collection was conducted in two Korean American civic institutions, two Korean Churches, and two Korean shopping centers in the Philadelphia area. A total of 547 questionnaires were completed.Using the SPSS program, descriptive statistics were employed to determine a profile of the characteristics of Korean Americans. The two-way ANOVA was utilized to examine differences in leisure constraints between lor among demographic and socioeconomic variables. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was used to explore relationship between leisure constraints and cultural variables. Paired t-test was conducted to investigate differences among Korean American's Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Structural constraints levels. The significance level of all tests were set at .05.The findings of this study can be summarized as follows:1. Of the three constraints, structural constraint was the highest and the second is interpersonal constraints, with intrapersonal constraints last.2. There were significant differences in leisure constraints between or among demographic variables such as gender and age.3. There were significant differences in leisure constraints between or among socioeconomic variables such as education and household income.4. Leisure constrains were significantly affected by cultural variables such as living length in the U.S. and language.

스포츠산업,경영학 : 스포츠센터의 관계마케팅 전략이 고객관계관리(CRM) 성과에 미치는 영향

정용헌(YongHunChung),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the sports center's relationship marketing strategy effects the CRM. Therefore present the basic facts of how to maximize competitive power, customer loyalty, job satisfaction and income through the maintenance of customers. For this study, 450 employees were selected from 24 sports centers located in Seoul and Kyonggi Province, using the convenience sampling method. 374 were collected in total. 362 questionnaires with qualified answers used for the data analysis. For the data analysis SPSS 11.0 for Windows version was utilized. The hypothesis tests were conducted with t-test, one-way ANOVA, Multiple Regression and Simple Regression.Based on the above research methods and procedures, this study produced the following results.Firstly, there were statistically significant differences in financial strategy, social strategy, structural strategy, customer recovery strategy and employees' customer orientation according to business environment. The commercial sports center turned out higher than the non commercial sports center.Secondly, there were statistically significant differences in employees' customer orientation according to gender, ages, working experience among the employees' demographic characters. Male-employees turned out higher than females. The employees used from 35 to 40 showed higher than those from 20 to 25, and those with 10years of working experience showed the highest scores of employees' customer orientation. But, between the instructor and manager there weren't statistically significant difference.Thirdly, financial strategy, social strategy, structural strategy, customer recovery strategy turned out to affect the CRM performance. Especially, structural strategy turned out the most effective followed by the social strategy, customer recovery strategy, financial strategy in sequence.Fourthly, social strategy, structural strategy, customer recovery strategy turned out to affect employees' customer orientation. Only, price strategy resulted to have no significant effect. customer recovery strategy turned out the most effective followed by the structural strategy, social strategy in sequence.Finally, the higher customer orientation of the employees results the more CRM performance.

여가,레크리에이션학 : 유아체육 지도자의 지도경험에 관한 사진유도연구

권문배(MunBaeKwon),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.6

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new methodology which is called photo elicitation study. Specifically, this exploratory study used Photo Elicitation Interview (PEI) to investigate teaching experiences on the physical education program instructor of the early childhood. Furthermore, this study tried to show the direction for the development of future qualitative research method using photo elicitiation interview which is one of the visual research. For better understandings of the teaching experiences on the physical education instructor of the early childhood, a qualitative research method approach should be taken that can illustrate experiences of the early childhood and instructors effectively and can draw deep and sincere conversation. To accomplish the purpose of this study more effectively, the investigator utilized the Photo Elicitation Interview(PEI) to supplement and clarify data obtained through traditional interviews. Data collection was conducted through various methods such as photo elicitation interview, in-depth interview and non participative observation. Therefore, the investigator could compare photo elicitiation interview and in-depth interview. The collected data were analyzed in four stages to arrive at the following conclusions: transcription, coding, categorization, and conceptualization. The results were categorized into two parts such as 1) understanding Photo Elicitation Interview by comparing general In-depth interview 2) instructor's experiences of the integrated physical education program of the early childhood. First of all, the investigator tried to compare Photo Elicitation Interview and In-depth Interview. Using photographs during interviews aided in building and capturing intense emotion, and rich experiences. Secondly, instructor's experience was categorized into five themes such as 1)having various experiences through integrated physical education program, 2)flow, 3)social development, 4)emotional and psychological development, 5)physical development. As mentioned, this study described actual and empirical situation of the physical education for the early childhood and gave full understanding of instructors' teaching experience using a new methodology which is called Photo Elicitation Interview.

인문,사회과학편 : 고등학생의 라이프스타일이 스포츠 참여동기에 미치는 영향

이세중(SeJoongLee),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 학생들을 라이프스타일이 스포츠 참여동기에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 규명함으로써 고등학교 학생들의 스포츠 참여를 이해하고 향상시키는데 기여를 위하여 사설 및 공공의 고등학생을 대상으로 한 스포츠 지도자들에게 학문적 기초실증자료 및 마케팅 전략 수립 자료로서 제시하고자 하는 데에 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울 도심 지역의 4곳의 고등학교에서 총 321명의 학생들이 편의추출법에 의하여 선택되었다. 통계 패키지 프로그램인 SPSS를 통하여 대상자들의 특성을 파악하기 위한 기술통계가 실시되었고 상관관계분석과 다중회귀분석 방법이 자료분석을 위하여 실시되었다. 유행추구, 성취주의, 불평주의, 전통주의 각각의 라이프 스타일 요인들은 고등학교 학생들의 스포츠 참여동기 요인들에 각각 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 그중 성취주의의 요인이 스포츠 참여동기 모든 요인에 영향을 미치는 가장 대표적인 라이프 스타일 변수로 나타났다. The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between lifestyle and motive of sports participation on highschool students. To understand and improve the sports participation of high school students in modern society, we provide the result to both public and private sports instructors as a positive data for marketing and future studies. The participants of this study consisted of 321 students selected by convenience sampling method. from 4 high schools in Seoul, Korea, which are located in urban school districts. Using the SPSS program, descriptive statistics were employed to determine a profile of the characteristics of highschool students Correlation, and multiple regression were conducted in order to analyze data. Participants’ lifestyle was significantly related to the motive of sports participation. Popularity-pursuing, accomplishment, discontent, and traditionalism had effects on the motive of sports participation, even though they had different forms. Participants’ lifestyle for accomplishment had stronger effect on the motive of sports participation than any other lifestyle factors.

스포츠산업,경영학 : 경주스포츠 내장객들의 관여도에 영향을 미치는 참여동기 분석

황재연(JaeYeonHwang),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate racing sports participants' motives effecting on their involvement so as to analyze racing sports market more practically.This study set the people who watched the games of 2003 regular season game of cycle racing and motorboat racing at stadiums as a population and distributed a total of 700 questionnaires to them using the convenience sampling method, one of nonrandom sampling methods. Out of collected 700, 430 (cycle racing 218, motorboat racing 212) were selected for the analysis; those whose contents were judged to be insincere and to be unsuitable for the purpose of the study, and missing were excluded. To analyze materials, the frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis were used as statistic analysis techniques.The results of this study were as follows.First, participants on cycle racing evaluated more highly in all respects - visiting frequency, betting frequency, an amount of betting money - than those of motorboat racing. Most people visited ground by themselves, but some of them accompanied with friends and members of family in cycle racing. Participants on motorboat racing did the other racing sports more than those of cycle racing.Moreover, involvement was affected by new experience, betting, personal contacts and play among the participants' motive. In detail, importance was affected by betting, new experience and play. Risk awareness was affected by new experience. At last, sign was affected by personal contacts and betting.

인문,사회과학편 : 스포츠센터 이용 소비자 관계 효익 척도 개발 및 타당성 검증

한종혁(JongHyukHan),조광민(KwangMinCho),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2007 한국체육학회지 Vol.46 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 스포츠센터 이용 소비자들을 대상으로 스포츠센터와의 지속적인 관계를 통해 그들이 얻고자 하는 관계 효익에 관한 설문지를 개발해보고 타당성을 검증하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 편의추출법(convenience sampling)을 사용하여 378명의 자료가 실제분석에 사용되었다. 자료처리는 Window용 SPSS 13.0 Version과 Amos 5.0를 이용하여 분석되었으며 연구에 대한 전체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 관계 효익에 관한 분석을 할 결과 스포츠센터 소비자들의 관계 효익 구성 요인으로는 ‘특별대우 효익(Special benefits)’, ‘불안감소 효익(reduced-anxiety benefits)’, ‘사회적 효익(social benefits)’, 확신감 효익(confidence benefits)’ 총 4개의 하위 요인이 최종적으로 도출되었으며, 이에 대한 가설적 구인 체계의 적합성이 확인되어 척도가 개발되었다. 형태동일성, 측정동일성, 절편동일성, 요인분산 동일성이 통계적으로 모두 검증되어 성별에 관계없이 공용 척도로 쓰일 수 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 성별에 따른 각 요인별 잠재평균비교분석 결과 남자는 서비스제공자(직원, 트레이너)와의 친밀감형성이나 개인적 인식등과 같은 ‘사회적 효익’이 있어야 지속적인 관계를 유지하게 되며, 여자는 심적 안정감이나 시설이나 기구가 편리하고 안전하다고 느끼는 ‘불안감소 효익’이 동반되어야 지속적인 관계를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to develop a Relational Benefit Scale for sports center customers in Korea and to examine its construct validity. As a result of literature review and open-ended questionnaire, The 51 items was constructed. The preliminary scale was administered to 150 sports center customers. After items analysis, 34 items were retained for final relational benefit Scale. The 34 items scale was administered to 400 sports center customers. After items analysis, the four-factor structure of relational benefit scale for sports center customers in Korea was found by confirmatory factor analysis. And the internal consistency of each factor was proved to be acceptable. The four-factor structure of relational benefit scale fit quite well for sports center customers in korea. Given the adequate confiqural, both metric and scalar invariance was tested and supported, which allowed the examination of gender differences at the latent mean level. The latent mean analysis between male and female groups shows that men perceived social benefit more than women do, but women perceived more reduced_anxiety benefit, effect on turnover intention.

인문,사회과학편 : 도시 근로자들의 여가 몰입과 여가 만족의 관계

김지영(JeeYoungKim),이철원(ChulWonLee),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.5

본 연구는 도시 근로자들의 삶에 중요한 변수로 작용하는 여가 생활에 대한 고찰을 위해 여가 활동 중의 몰입 경험과 여가 만족의 구성 요인에 대해 알아보고, 각 변수 간의 연관성을 실증적으로 분석하는 데에 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2005년 서울 지역에 소재하고 있는 공공 기관 및 기업의 남녀 근로자들을 모집단으로 선정하여 설문을 실시하였으며, 총 604부의 자료를 실제 분석에 사용하였다. 자료의 처리는 Windows용 SPSS 12.0 Version을 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 도시 근로자들의 여가 몰입과 여가 만족 간의 관계를 검증한 결과, 자목적 경험이 신체적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자목적 경험, 무아경, 통제 감각이 휴식적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자목적 경험, 무아경, 시간의 변형이 사회적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자목적 경험, 통제 감각이 환경적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 명확한 목표, 도전과 기술의 균형, 자목적 경험, 통제 감각이 심리적 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The main purpose of this study was to identify the important variables which impact in urban workers' leisure life, especially on components of leisure flow experience and leisure satisfaction. Total of 700 men and women urban workers were surveyed from Seoul, of which 604 were qualified for the study. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis were carried in accordance with the purpose of the study by using Windows SPSS 12.0 Version. The results showed that there was significant influence between leisure flow experience and leisure satisfaction. It appeared that autotelic experience affected physical satisfaction. Autotelic experience, loss of self-consciousness, sense of control affected resting satisfaction. Autotelic experience, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time affected social satisfaction. Autotelic experience, sense of control affected environmental satisfaction. Clear goals, challenge-skill balance, autotelic experience, sense of control affected psychological satisfaction.

인문,사회과학편 : 여대생의 신체이미지 차이지각에 따른 여가활동유형이 여가만족에 미치는 영향

최윤희(YoonHeeChoi),이철원(ChulWonLee),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2007 한국체육학회지 Vol.46 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 여대생들의 신체이미지(body image)에 대한 차이지각을 파악하고 이에 따른 여가활동유형이 여가 만족(leisure satisfaction)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 측정도구로 설문지를 사용하였고, 자기평가기입법(self-adnMstrated method)을 통해 응답하게 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울에 소재하고 있는 4년제 대학교의 여대생들을 모집단으로 설정하고, 577부의 자료를 실제분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 windows용 SPSS 13.0 version을 이용하였다. 신체이미지 차이지각에 따른 여가활동유형이 여가만족에 미치는 영향에 있어서 작은 차이지각 집단은 모든 변수에서 사교 · 오락 활동이 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 휴식적 만족을 제외한 모든 변수는 관람 · 감상활동에 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 스포츠 활동은 신체적 만족과 환경적 만족에 인과관계를 나타냈다. 신체이미지 차이지각이 큰 집단은 모든 변수에서 사교 · 오락활동이 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 스포츠활동은 신체적 만족, 휴식적 만족, 심리적 만족에서 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 관람 · 감상활동은 신체적 만족, 환경적 만족, 심리적 만족에서 인과관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of differences of women's university students' body image and to examine how the types of leisure activity effect on leisure satisfaction. In this study, questionnaire sheet was used as a measuring tool and participants were asked to answer through self-administrated method. Target participants for this selected from women's university students located in Seoul, and 577 sheets were used for the actual analysis. Data of this study were analyzed by SPSS version 13.0 of Window compatible software. In all variables, small group of perception of differences of effect on the leisure activity type indicated a casual relationship in social-recreational activity, there are casual relationships in watching-appreciating activity except relaxation satisfaction, sports activity indicated a casual relations with physical and environmental satisfaction. Big group of perception of difference of body image indicated social-recreational activity in all variables, sports activity indicated a casual relations in physical, relaxation and psychological satisfaction, watching-appreciating activity indicated a casual relations in physical, environmental and psychological satisfaction.