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사이버보안 특집 : 연명치료의 중단에 대한 형사법적 검토 -대법원 2009.5.21. 선고 2009다17417 전원합의체 판결을 중심으로-
전지연 ( Ji Yun Jun ),최아랑 ( Ah Rang Choi ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 의료·과학기술과 법센터 2011 연세 의료·과학기술과 법 Vol.2 No.2
This decision which reflects the existing theories and discussion has a significant value as the first ruling to pronounce the legal grounds, objective and subjective requirements, and the procedure of terminating meaningless life-sustaining treatment. A majority opinion refer that the legal ground for stopping treatment is founded on the right of self-determination based on the Article 10 of the Constitution which is the human dignity and the right to pursue of happiness, on the other, a minority opinion insist that the right of self-determination is not the only criteria, ceasing meaningless care could be justified by the sense based on the general terms of law and order. The right of self-determination should be understood as the right to choose death with dignity within a limited range rather than the right of unrestricted aggressive disposal. In that sense, this holding is reasonable that the right of self-determination has a certain boundary by the objective and subjective requirements of interrupting meaningless life-sustaining treatment. In terms of this understanding, the illegitimacy of discontinuing meaningless life-supporting care is carved by the Article 24 of criminal acts which is victim`s permission. Regarding the allowance of terminating life-sustaining treatment, this ruling upheld that the status of a patient must objectively come to irreversible stages of death, and patient`s intention to withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment must be confirmed as a subjective requirement. As method to make sure of patient`s intention, his will should be regarded if it was clearly expressed, otherwise the judgement concerned with objective assumption of the intention should be made under the considerable hypothetical circumstances. The problem is that, how can be able to presume patient`s thought objectively, when he comes to unrecoverable stages of death without any expression of his own intent. It is medically senseless compulsion of the law if a meaningless treatment must be continued only owing to an unidentifiable intention of a patient, and as a result, if a sufferer treated by meaningless life-supporting increase, it is hard to avoid heavy criticism that it is not serious consideration of limited health care resources in the real world. Thus, theoretical experiment of a majority opinion, which the removal of life-support device can be flexibly accepted as the right of self-determination even if patient`s intention cannot be recognized, is resonable ruling not only in terms of logical consistency, but also in the aspects of the actual necessity. Even though the major and the opposite opinion have no significant differences in terms of the conditions of withdrawing meaningless care, the fact that each party has a different conclusion in this case with the same factors means that still there is a part of ambiguity or uncertainty. It is worried that the Supreme Court did not establish a procedural device by due process of law regarding problems of fabrication about patient`s will that may be incurred by third parties in the process of ascertaining sufferer`s presumptive intention. Therefore, it is needed to prepare the standards to presume patient`s intention as exact as possible or to consider the system of living will which a patient indicates his will in advance of the case that he is actually unable to express his own thoughts. Henceforth, it is appropriate that through the sufficient social consensus, the National Assembly should legislate for discontinuing a meaningless life-sustaining treatment to embody patient`s right of self-determination as the positive law, at the same time to relax the criminal liability for the medical profession.
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박테리오신 생성 Pediococcus acidilactici 를 적용한 요거트 특성 및 항균성 연구
현인경 ( In Kyung Hyun ),김민영 ( Min Young Kim ),김서연 ( Seo-yeon Kim ),이지수 ( Jee-su Lee ),최아랑 ( Ah-rang Choi ),강석성 ( Seok-seong Kang ) 한국낙농식품응용생물학회(구 한국유가공학회) 2020 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.38 No.3
본 연구에서는 박테리오신을 생성하는 P. acidilactici를 적용한 기능성 요거트를 제조하여 항균활성과 프로바이오틱스로서의 품질을 평가하였다. Yogurt starter로는 시판되는 요거트에서 분리한 혼합 균주 3종(S. thermophilus, Lb. bulgaricus, Lb. rhamnosus GG)을 사용하였으며, 혼합 균주와 P. acidilactici HW01, P. acidilactici JM01, P. acidilactici K10을 각각 혼합 접종하여 각각의 요거트를 제조한 다음 유산균의 생균수, pH, brix를 측정한 결과, 유산균의 생균수는 모두 8.0 Log CFU/mL 이상의 생균수가 검출되어 유산균 발효유로서 기준에 적합하였다. 또한 pH와 brix를 측정한 결과, 발효 후 시간이 지남에 따라 모두 감소하였다. 우유나 유제품의 오염에 있어서 유의해야 할 병원성 균인 L. monocytogenes를 통해 병원성 저해능을 측정하였으며 L. monocytogenes가 발효 후 3일째부터 모두 저해되는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 박테리오신 생성 균주인 P. acidilactici HW01, P. acidilactici JM01, P. acidilactici K10이 발효유제품 제조에 있어서 요거트 제품의 변화 없이 프로바이오틱 효과를 지닌 균주로 기대되며, 식품안정성 및 새로운 프로바이오틱스 유제품 개발에 도움을 줄 것이라 예상된다. 그리고 L. monocytogenes 외의 다른 병원성 균의 저해효과에 대한 연구 및 요거트의 저장온도에 따른 병원성 저해효과 차이에 대한 연구도 기대된다. 따라서 박테리오신 생성 균주를 활용한 기능성 식품을 실제 식품산업에 적용한다면 안전성 및 신제품 개발에 대한 연구가 더 이루어져야 될 것으로 보인다. Physical and sensory characteristics of commercial yogurts are important aspects for consumer acceptability. In addition, beneficial functions of commercial yogurts are also emphasized for the probiotic dairy products. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional properties of yogurts with the combination of bacteriocin-producing Pediococcus acidilactici. Yogurts fermented with commercial starter culture (control yogurt) and control yogurt together with P. acidilactici HW01 (yogurt+HW01), P. acidilactici JM01 (yogurt+JM01), or P. acidilactici K10 (yogurt+K10) were prepared. During 28 days after fermentation, the viability of lactic acid bacteria, pH, and brix, in the yogurt samples were assessed with standard methods. Moreover, to investigate the antilisterial activity of the yogurt samples, Listeria monocytogenes was simultaneously inoculated when the yogurts were prepared with lactic acid bacteria, and the viability of L. monocytogenes was determined. Although yogurt+K10 did not completely remove L. monocytogenes, control yogurt, yogurt+HW01, and yogurt+JM01 eradicated L. monocytogenes at day 2 after fermentation. However, yogurt+K10 also removed L. monocytogenes at day 3 after fermentation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the combination of yogurt with P. acidilactici does not affect its quality and they may consequently aid in the development of new probiotic yogurt.
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