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소정섭,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1996 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.33 No.8
This study was subjected to the stabilization of heavy metals using DSp cement. Heavy metal Cr and Pb ions were mixed with cement paste and hydration behavior and leaching property by heavy metal were exami-ned. It was found that, Cr ion accelerated the early hydration of the cement and has no accelerating effect in later hydration period. However Pb ion retarded the hydration of the cement for a early hydration periods. As a result of leaching test the quantity of leachant has a very low value and the influence of leached heavy metal effected on the environments is very weak.
문정연,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1984 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.21 No.2
In this study we mainly dealt with the effects of organic retarder(calcium lignosulfate) on the early hydration process of clinker minerals. From a consideration of the hydration process of tricalcium silicate $(C_3S)$ tricalcium silicate $(C_3S)$-tricalcium aluminate $(C_3A)$ tricalcium silicate $(C_3S)$-tetracalcium aluminof-errite $(C_4AF)$ systems with calcium lignosulfate the following results were obtained. 1. when 0.25wt% of CLS was added to $C_3S$ the hydration process was progressed normally but adding of 0.5wt% its hydration was greatly retarded. 2. The hydration of $C_3S$-$C_3A$ system was progressed normally up to 0.5wt% but by adding gypsum its hydration was retarded slightly. 3. The hydration of $C_3S$-$C_4AF$ system was greatly retarded even with 0.25wt% of CLS but by adding gypsum its hydration process was recovered normally.
$C_4A_3\bar{S}$계 클린커 및 하소돌로마이트를 자극제로 한 고환산염 슬라그 시멘트의 수화반응
박춘근,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.2
The hydration of supersulphated slag cement which is the mixture of granuloated blast furnace slag anhydrite $C_4A_3$ type clinker and calcined dolomite was studied by X-ray diffraction differential thermal analysis scanning electron microscope observation and measurement of the rate of heat liberation. The main hydrates were ettrigite and C-S-H. This supersulphated slag cement enhanced rapid-hardening and increased in strength at early stage due to the much of ettrigite. Furthermore the hardened cement became stronger due to the C-S-H that was produced from the hydration of the $eta$-$C_2S$</TX> in $C_4A_3$ type clinker and the hydration of the dissolved components from slag at later period.
시멘트 클린커 생성과정에 미치는 Potassium의 영향 II. 불안정 알칼리 생성 인자
서일영,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Effect of alkali $SO_3$ and $C_2S$ content and cooling condition of clinker on the formation of unstable alkali and cooling condition of clinker on the formation of unstable alkali was investigated. As a result alkali and $SO_3$ content of clinker were the main factors of unstable alkali formation and equation (7) in which the two factors were the variables showed a good agreement with the observed results. Water soluble alkali content of sulphate was decreased with increase of $C_2S$ content of clinker resulted by the increase of solid solution rate of alkali to clinker minerals. But change of unsatble alkali content accordint to the increase of $C_2S$ content was slight. A increasing tendency of ignition loss of clinker with increase of unstable alkali content was found.
C$_2$S-C$_4$A$_3$-CS 3성분계 시멘트의 수화에 미치는 Potassium Oxalate 첨가의 영향
강승규,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1998 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.35 No.12
$\beta$-C2S and C4A3 were synthesized separately and potassium oxalate was added to each system. The ad-ditive caused calcium ions in solution to decrease at early time in hydration and promoted hydration reac-tion. And then clinker which is mainly composed of $\beta$-C2S and C4A3 was synthesized at 130$0^{\circ}C$ After ad-ding potassium oxalate to it behavior of hydration was observed. It showed that the additive promoted et-tringtie formation at early time and C-S-H formation as time went on.
문정연,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.1
The effect of calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) on the early hydration characteristics for clinker minerals was investigated. In the presence of CLS and unsufficient gypsum The hydration of $C_3$A lowered CLS adsorption to form ettrin-gite and the residual CLS in the liquid phase accelerated the solubility of C4AF hydration. As the result unreacted $Fe^{3+}$ in the liquid phase would be precipitated gelatinously on $C_3$ hydrates and the hydration of $C_3$ could be retarded. But by addition of optimum gypsum into the cement with CLS the presence of $Fe^{3+}$ in the liquid phase were lowered and $C_3$ hydration would be normallized.
시멘트 클린커 생성과정에 미치는 Potassium의 영향 I. 불안정 상태의 알칼리
서일영,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.1
The states of alkali occuring in Portland cement clinker were studied. Potassium was added to raw mixture by there kinds ; $K_2SO_4$, $K_2CO_3$ and KOH. In case of $K_2CO_3$ and KOH addition the new state of unstable alkali was found when alkakli content is high and $SO_3$ content is low in the clinker. Unstable state of highly basic free 4K_2O$ causes lowering burnability much more than alkali sulfate especially at the early stage of burning. Lowered burnability by 4K_2O$ became more serious with higher LSF. Unstable free-4K_2O$ which is readily soluble with water reacts with gypsum to form <TES>$Ca(OH)_2$ and syngenite as soon as water is added. As a results the liberation rate of heat of hydration at the early hydration process(1st peak) was increased.
Modified Belite Cement 구성광물의 생성에 미치는 붕상의 영향
채우형,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1996 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.33 No.10
The effects of borax on the phase formation of C2S, C4A3 and $\alpha$'-C2S phases. It has negative effects on formation of C4A3 And it lowers the forming temperature of C4AF. It also has been found that borax improves the clinkerization of MBC. In the MBC clinker with borax 3% C2S have larger and more irregular shapes, larger C/S mole ratio and C4A3 have smaller size larger C/ molr ratio than in the clinker without borax.
시멘트 클린커 생성과정에 미치는 Potassium의 영향 III. 불안정 알칼리의 상태 및 생성기구
서일영,최상홀 한국세라믹학회 1985 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.22 No.3
The formation mechanism of unstable alkali and its existing states in the clinker were studied. The relation of unstable alkali content vs. other water-soluble components porosity and the distributionof potassium were investigated. The results are as follows :1) Two states of unstable alkali seem to exist in clinker ie compounds of $K_2O-Al_2O_3$ system and free $K_2O$ 2) The content of water-soluble $Al_2O_3$ tends to increase with increase of unstable alkali content, 3) Most of alkalies in clinker are concentrated in liquid phase at high temperature. Therefore it is possible to make various $K_2O-Al_2O_3$ system compounds according to the content of $K_2O$ in the liquid phase of clinker. In this experiment we found out a $K_2O-Al_2O_3$ compound of high $Al_2O_3$ content (34%) and high $K_2O$ content (33%) in clinker with 1.09% unstable alkali. 4) The porosity of clinker tends to increase with increase of unstable alkali content. 5) The amount of trapped alkali vapor may increase in closed pore in the clinker with high alkali and low $SO_3$ condecent. Therefore free $K_2O$ is the condensed alkali on the wall of closed pore in the clinker.