수직적으로 차별화된 시장 하에서 망외부성이 미치는 영향에 대한 동태적 분석

조형래,이민호,Cho, Hyung-Rae,Rhee, Minho 한국산업경영시스템학회 2019 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.

전문병원의 서비스특성이 서비스관계품질을 매개로 서비스성과에 미치는 영향

조형래,최철재,Cho, Hyoungrae,Choi, Chul-Jae 한국병원경영학회 2017 병원경영학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study explains how service characteristics such as service competence, service customization, interpersonal communication and image affect service trust and affective commitments and how service trust, affective commitment play a role in affecting risk-taking and service loyalty in specialty hospital. and then confirm the mediating role of relationship quality components such as service trust and affective commitment in the above path relation. For this purpose, the research hypothesis was verified by structural equation model analysis(SEM) using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical package. The results of the study are as follows. First, interpersonal communication influenced service trust, image influenced affective commitment, service ability influenced service trust and emotional commitment, while service customization did not affect any factor. Second, service trust and affective commitment did not effect each other. Third, service trust and affective commitment were more powerful in risk-taking than the influence on service loyalty. Fourth, Risk takings affected service loyalty. Therefore, marketers of special hospitals not only medical services by providing medical service with superior service ability, but also by always strengthening interpersonal communication at the time of providing services. This will enable consumers to overcome the avoidance in the service decision process and implement a specific service marketing strategy that can continuously use the hospital service.

Dynamic Analysis of the Effect of Network Externality in Vertically Differentiated Market Hyung-Rae Cho․Minho Rhee † Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering/ERI, Gyeongsang National University

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho):이민호(Minho Rhee) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2019 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Network externalities are essentially dynamic in that the value consumers feel about a product is affected by the size of the existing customer base that uses that product. However, existing studies on network externalities analyzed the effects of network externalities in a static way, not dynamic. In this study, unlike previous studies, the impact of network externalities on price competition in a vertically differentiated market is dynamically analyzed. To this end, a two-period duopoly game model was used to reflect the dynamic aspects of network externalities. Based on the game model, the Nash equilibria for price, sales volume, and revenue were derived and numerically analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, if high-end product has strong market power, the high-end product vendor takes almost all benefits of the network externality. Second, when high-end product has strong market power, the low-end product will take over most of the initial sales volume increase. Third, when market power of high-end product is not strong, it can be seen that the effects of network externalities on the high and low-end products are generally proportional to the difference in quality. Lastly, if there exists a strong network externality, it is shown that the presence of low-end product can be more profitable for high-end product vendor. In other words, high-end product vendor has incentive to disclose some technologies for the market entrance of low-end product, even if it has exclusive rights to the technologies. In that case, however, it is shown that the difference in quality should be maintained significantly.

소아에서 발생한 전거비 인대 거골 부착부 견열 골절(1예 보고)

조형래,황태혁,왕태현,김근영,Cho, Hyung-Lae,Hwang, Tae-Hyok,Wang, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Keun-Young 대한족부족관절학회 2011 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Inversion injury of the lateral ankle ligaments is very common. Few studies, however, have focused on avulsion fracture of the lateral ankle ligaments. A fracture producing a small fragment usually avulsed from lateral malleolus and may be easily misdiagnosed as a sprain because the fragment is superimposed on the lateral malleolus and goes undetected on early radiographs, especially in skeletally immature patients. We present a case of isolated avulsion fracture of the talar attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament in 13-year-old male patient. Diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and avulsed fragment was fixed to original talar footprint with suture anchors. A high level of suspicion must be maintained to obtain an accurate diagnosis of avulsion fracture in inversion ankle injury because of the high incidence in children and to prevent recurrent instability.

『소년』의 과학

조형래 ( Hyung Rae Cho ) 국제한국문학문화학회 2009 사이 Vol.6 No.-

Since 1876, it had been an extensive flux of scientific and technical knowledge from the West into Cho-sun. But the important times for the establishment and revolution on that concepts in Korea was the early of 1900`s. Especially a word `과학` was treated as modern scholarship in So-nyun(the Young). This is a translation of very science that is the principle and practice of study represented historical traditions, experiences and cultures of the west And it was translated as Japanese Kagaku(科學) that introduced as study and education system into the society at that time. These were related with the beginning of modern science in Korea and with So-nyun first of all. In this children`s magazine it was mainly called a word `이과` that could make a particular practice of an experiment and a form of ecriture for production of truth and representation of experience. Also it offered to Korean some standardization for objective recognition of nature and world. Futhermore it considered a man to a part of nature, and then universalized human mental. This caused very important epistemological conversion about understanding nature and world. In a manner of speaking, science as episteme had concerned with discourses on the birth of literature as the satisfaction of sense in 1910`s Korea.

워드프로세서ㆍ글쓰기ㆍ문학, 1990ㆍ2000 : 한국의 초기 워드프로세서 보급과 작가의 글쓰기 Ⅱ

조형래 ( Cho Hyung-rae ) 동국대학교 한국문학연구소 2021 한국문학연구 Vol.- No.67

90년대 들어 PC와 한글 워드프로세서가 널리 보급되었다. 워드프로세서와 PC 통신 사용자들에게 있어서 글꼴/활자는 문자 조작과 놀이의 대상이 될 정도로 일반화되었다. 육필에 의해 글쓰기가 개인의 것으로 귀속되던 과거와 달리 문자는 PC 너머의 전기적 신호가 교환되는 반도체를 비롯한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어, 네트워크 등에서 사전에 설정된 공적인 틀에 입각한 것이 되었다. 한글 타자와 디스플레이 출력, 인쇄 그리고 웹상에서 한글을 가지고 의사소통하는 데 있어서 PC 사용자 환경에서 공적으로 합의된 표준이 작동하게 된 것이다. 오늘날 한국어 문장이 빅데이터와 인공지능의 분석 대상이 될 수 있는 것도 이러한 프로그래밍의 수준에서 합의되고 전기적 신호에 의해 광범위한 네트워크에서 작동하고 있는 다수의 표준에 의한 것이다. 반면 문학의 타자/문자 놀이의 사례는 그러한 표준의 체계를 자유자재로 조작하고 활용하며 교란 가능하다는 환상을 고취한다. 하지만 그 이면에 그러한 표준과 틀의 비가시적인 작동에 입각하여 그것을 준수할 수밖에 없다는, 즉 문자가 더 이상 작가 개인의 특권화를 지지하는 사물이 될 수 없다는 부지불식간의 직관에 입각하여 그러한 놀이가 행해진 것이다. 즉 그러한 표준과 틀에도 불구하고 어떤 이들은 향후의 문체 변화를 주도할 수 있으며 또한 문자 형상을 자유자재로 가지고 놀 수 있다는 개인성/인간주체에 관한 믿음이 여전히 작동했던 데서 벌어졌던 아이러니컬한 현상이었다. 구효서의 에세이 「하지만 오늘도 키보드다」는 그러한 믿음이 미몽에 불과한 것임을 자의식적으로 수긍한 사례로서 의의가 있다. In the 1990s, PC and Korean word processor was widely distributed. For word processors and PC communication network users, fonts/types have become so common that they are subject to text manipulation and play. Unlike in the past, when writing was attributed to individuals by handwriting, characters have become based on a public framework set in advance in hardware, software, and networks, including semiconductors, where electrical signals beyond PC is exchanged. Publicly agreed standards have come to work in the PC user environment in communicating with Hangul/Korean typing, display output, printing, and web with Korean. It is also by a number of standards agreed at this level of programming and operated on a wide range of networks by electrical signals that Korean sentences can be analyzed by big data and artificial intelligence today. On the other hand, the case of literary typing/letters play promotes the illusion that such a standard system can be freely manipulated, utilized, and disturbed. However, behind that, based on the invisible operation of such standards and frameworks, such games were played based on an unknowingly intuition that letters could no longer be objects supporting the author's individual privileges. In other words, despite such standards and frameworks, it was an ironic phenomenon that took place when the belief in the individuality/human subject that some people could lead future style changes and play freely with written figures still worked. Gu, Hyoseo's essay, “But today is also a keyboard,” is meaningful as an example of self-consciously accepting that such belief is only a dream.

신소설의 여성과 공간

조형래(Cho Hyung Rae) 동악어문학회 2007 동악어문학 Vol.49 No.-

신소설의 서사는 대개 주인공이 화목한 가정으로부터 축출되거나 전통적 도덕에 기반한 가족이 해체의 위기에 직면하게 되는 것으로부터 발단한다. 많은 소설에서 이러한 계기에 의해 길 위로 출분된 여성을 주인공으로 채택하고 있는데, 이때 이러한 여성들은 근대적 교통수단을 통해 이동하게 되지만 그 종국에 조우하게 되는 새로운 세계란 언제나 죽음 및 정조 상실의 위기가 기다리고 있는 지옥으로 표상되었다. 이것은 근대계몽기 당시의 사회적 혼란 및 신문?잡지의 확산으로 인한 범죄의 일상화와 관계된 것으로 그것은 국민국가라는 지리적 범주의 체험과 결부된다. 또한 이러한 사태에 대응할 수 있도록 개인들에게 주어진 삶의 양식 또한 아직 마련되지 않은 상태였다. 다만 이러한 혼란을 재현하는데 있어서 신소설은 거리의 상대성 및 국경의 체험 등의 공간에 관련된 중요한 인식론적 변화를 노정했다. 뿐만 아니라 여성의 불륜이라는 비도덕적인 열정을 묘사하는 과정에서 연애에 대한 새로운 욕망 및 그것을 합법화하는 새로운 인간 교제의 라이프스타일을 제시한다. 그러나 이와 같은 변화들은 인간과 사회에 관한 선험적인 법칙 내지 보편적 윤리를 재구성하려는 의도에 의해 그다지 중요하지 않은 것으로 처리되었다. 가정을 완전무결한 질서와 안정의 장소로 이념화하려는 클리셰는 이러한 신소설의 지향을 단적으로 예증한다. Generally, Sinsoseol used to start its narrative a cliche. There were some stereotype ; a protagonist was turned out a harmonic family or by some misfortune a family was lose the harmony. In many Sinsoseol works, the protagonist particularly is a woman, and excluded from the family "she" usually use to take a means of modern communication but went to new world that was like to a hell. There was danger to be murdered or be violated by some men. It is reflected a social aspect that was commit crime in general and the news was widely spreaded by newspapers and journals at that time. Also, it is associated geographical experience on Nation-state. Yet every individuals didn't know the way or lifestyle to deal with this situation. However, represented this aspect, Sinsoseol works had presented a marked change to be associated with a experience on border transgression and relative distance. Furthermore, as a woman's immoral described. Sinsoseol indicated to newly appear a social lifestyle and a desire. But this change had regarded to unimportance as compare with a collective intention at that time. The intention was willing to reconstruct a priori rule or universal truth about human and society. This path of Sinsoseol was illustrative of representation of a home that was idealized that order.

퍼지 알고리즘을 이용한 불규칙한 지면에서 보행하는 휴머노이드 로봇의 실시간 보행 안정성 구현

조형래(Hyoung-Rae Cho),김진걸(Jin-Geol Kim) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Since a humanoid robot inherently suffers from instability and always risks tipping itself over, or toppling to the ground, it is necessary to ensure high stability and reliability of walk. An unexpected ground condition is one of the principal factors of instability. This paper proposes a walk stabilization method consisting of a Fuzzy algorithm and geometry under uneven terrain. The ground reaction forces that are measured by the FSR sensors on the sole are used to check the ground condition and the robot posture. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by computer simulations.

소아기 결절성 경화증에 대한 임상적 고찰

조형래(Hyung Rae Cho),송승민(Seung Min Song),염미선(Mi Sun Yum),이은혜(Eun Hye Lee),정민희(Min Hee Jeong),유한욱(Han Wook Yoo),고태성(Tae Sung Ko) 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적:연령에 따라 다양한 임상 양상을 보이는 것으로 알려진 결절성 경화증 환자들의 임상 양상을 분석하므로 각 임상 특징들의 빈도와 연령에 따른 각 임상 특징들의 유병율과 병원을 찾게 되는 이유들을 조사함으로써 임상의들이 결절성 경화증 환자들의 조기 진단, 치료에 도움을 줄 수 있는 정보를 얻고자 하는 목적에서 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:1991년 4월부터 2008년 8월까지 서울아산병원에서 임상적 특징에 따른 진단 기준 또는 유전자 검사에 의해 결절성 경화증으로 진단된 74명의 소아 환자들의 임상 양상을 의무기록의 후향적 분석을 통해 진단 기준 및 주요 임상 증상에 따라 분석하였다. 결과:본 연구에서 환자들의 진단 시 평균 나이는 3.2세로 경련 발작과 심장의 횡문근종, 피부 병변이 병원을 찾게 되는 가장 흔한 이유였다. 특징적으로 신생아기에서는 산전 진찰에서 발견된 심장 횡문근종이 진단에 중요한 역할을 했다. 뇌의 겉질 및 겉질하결절, 경막하 결절 등으로 대표되는 뇌 병변은 검사자의 93%에서 발견되어 높은 민감도를 보여 주었으며, 전체 환자의 82%인 61명이 관찰 기간 동안 1회 이상의 경련 발작을 경험하였고 그 중 51명은 간질로 진단되었고 28명에서 영아 연축이 관찰되었다. 평가가 시행된 환아의 61.5%인 32명에서 정신 지체가 관찰되었다. 13명에서 유전자 검사가 시행 되어 TSC1 유전자 변이가 2명, TSC2 유전자 변이 7명이 관찰되었다. 결론:결절성 경화증 환자들에게서의 경련 발작의 높은 발생율과 신경 발달 지연과의 관련성을 고려할 때, 향후 적극적인 검사를 통한 결절성 경화증 및 간질의 조기 진단 및 치료는 향후 결절성 경화증 환자들에게 좋은 예후를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Purpose:The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of presentation and progress of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and the prevelance of items in diagrnostic criteria of TSC in the pediatric population group. Methods:We reviewed 74 patients diagnosed with TSC by clinical diagnostic criteria, who visited Asan Medical Center from April, 1991 to August, 2008. Results:Forty-four males and 30 females were enrolled with 2.3 years(0 days-15.4 years) of mean age at the diagnosis. Mean follow-up period was 3.2(0-12.6) years. Remarkable initial symptoms or signs at the first hospital visit were seizure(n=48, 64.9%), cardiac rhabdomyoma(n=15, 20.2%) and skin lesions(n=7, 9.5%). Seven of 74 patients(9.5%) had familial history of TSC. Seventy-one patients(95.9%) showed one or more brain lesions on the neuroimaging studies, including cortical tubers(n=69, 93.2%), subependymal nodules(n=71, 95.9%), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas(SEGA, n=5, 6.8%). Retinal astrocytic hamartomas were confirmed in 14 patients and suspicious in 4 patients. Skin lesions were detected in 58 patients(78%). Sixty-one patients(82%) had experienced one or more seizures and 58 were confirmed as epilepsy. Twenty-eight patients(38%) had experienced infantile spasm. Thirty-two of 52 patients evaluated(61.5%) had mental retardation. Gene studies were done in 13 patients and revealed two TSC1 gene mutations and seven TSC2 gene mutations. Conclusion:Seizure attacks and skin lesions were two most common causes to visit hospital in pediatric TSC patients. Considering the high incidence of epilepsy and its correlation with poor neurodevelopemental outcome, early diagnosis and adequate treatment will lead to the better quality of life.

제조업체와 복수의 유통업체 간의 다자간 협상전략 분석

조형래(Hyung-Rae Cho),이민호(Minho Rhee) 한국SCM학회 2022 한국SCM학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Recently, distribution companies have shown market dominance that has grown so much that they have comparative advantage in negotiating delivery prices with manufacturers in some items. Considering the ever-growing market dominance of distribution companies, the question of how manufacturers should negotiate delivery prices with distribution companies is considered one of the important decisions made by manufacturers. In this paper, we study the bargaining strategy of a manufacturer who sells a product through multiple distribution companies with a difference in distribution market dominance and bargaining power with the corresponding manufacturer. To do this, we derive and analyze the equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games. The result can be summarized as follows: (1) For the manufacturer, it is more advantageous to conclude delivery negotiations with both distribution companies than to sign a supply contract with a specific distributor and abandon the rest; (2) If there is a difference in control of the distribution market between distribution companies, it is disadvantageous to manufacturers, but it works in favor of distributors.; (3) Simultaneous negotiation method has always been found to be advantageous to manufacturers profits over sequential negotiation method; (4) If the manufactrure has to negotiate sequentially, the order of negotiations has a significant impact on manufacturer’s profit.