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부직포 여과막 생물반응조에서 알칼리도가 질산화 성능에 미치는 영향
배민수(Min Su Bae),안윤찬(Yoon Chan Ahn),장명배(Myung Bae Jang),조윤경(Yun Kyung Cho),조광명(Kwang Myeung Cho) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.7
부직포 여과막 생물반응조의 질산화 성능을 파악하기 위하여 주입폐수의 암모니아 농도를 54∼1,400 mg/L 그리고 알칼리도를 43∼10,480 mg/L로 변화시키면서 약 11시간의 체류시간에서 641일간 실험을 실시한 결과 반응조의 MLSS농도는 최초의 2,650 mg/L에서 830 mg/L까지 감소하였다가 최고 8,340 mg/L까지 증가함으로써 반응조의 용적부하는 0.120∼3.130 kg NH₃-N/m3-day의 범위에서 변하였으나 F/M 비는 0.067∼0.414 kg NH₃-N/kg MLSS-day의 적은 변화를 보였다. 각 실험단계별 평균 질산화 효율이 35.2∼100%로서, 최대 질산화율은 2.970 kg N/m3-day 또는 0.489 g N/g MLVSS-day로 나타났다. MLVSS의 질산화미생물 분율은 최초의 7.1%에서 최고 100%까지 변하였으나 부직포 여과막에 형성된 생물막의 경우에는 2.2%의 매우 낮은 값을 보였다. 미생물 성장계수는 0.117 g VSS/g N removed로 그리고 알칼리도 소모량은 평균 7.08 g alkalinity/g NOx-N produced로 측정되었다. 이러한 실험결과로 보아 부직포 여과막 생물반응조가 고농도 암모니아 폐수의 질산화에 적합한 공법으로 판단된다. To investigate the effects of alkalinity on the nitrification capability of the nonwoven fabric filter bioreactor(NFBR), an experiment was performed for 641 days at a hydraulic retention time of approximately 11 hours by changing the influent concentration of NH₃-N from 54 mg/L to 1,400 mg/L and alkalinity from 43 mg/L to 10,480 mg/L. The MLSS concentration reduced from an initial value of 2,650 mg/L down to 830 mg/L, then increased up to 8,340 mg/L. Though the volumetric loading rate varied in a range of 0.120∼3.130 kg NH₃-N/m3-day, the F/M ratio showed a narrow range of 0.067∼0.414 kg NH₃-N/kg MLSS-day. The average nitrification efficiency at each experimental stage resulted in the range of 35.2∼100%, and the maximum nitrification rate was 2.970 kg N/m3-day or 0.489 g N/g MLVSS-day. The nitrifiers` fraction of the MLVSS increased up to 100% from an initial value of 7.1% and the biofilm formed on the nonwoven fabric filter showed a very low nitrifiers` fraction of mere 2.2%. The growth yield of the MLSS and the alkalinity consumption rate were computed to be 0.117 g VSS/g N removed and 7.08 g alkalinity/g NOx--N produced, respectively. Results of the research suggest that NFBR could be an adequate process for nitrification of wastewaters with high ammonia concentrations.
Bio - filter에 의한 토양중의 VOCs 분해특성
손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),장명배(Myung-Bae Jang),Kwang-Myung Cho 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.4
The objective of this study was to develop a mechanistically based mathematical model that would consider the interdependence of VOCs transport, microbial activity, and sorptive interactions in a moist, unsaturated soil. Because the focus of the model was on description of natural attenuation, the advective VOCs transport that is induced in engineered remediation processes such as vapor extraction was not considered. The utility of the model was assessed through its ability to describe experimental observations from diffusion experiments using toluene as a representative VOCs in well-defined soil columns that contained a toluene degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida G7 and F1, as the sole active microbial species. The gas-liquid mass-transfer was found to be a key parameter controlling the ability of bacteria to degrade VOCs. This finding indicates that soil size and geometry are likely to be important parameters in assessing the possible success of natural attenuation of VOCs in contaminated unsaturated soils.<br/> Therefore we found that Pseudomonas putida G7 and F1 were very effective to remove of refractory pollutants such as toluene in soil by Bio-filter.