대전지역에서 호밀과 보리의 파종비율이 건물수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee),신연호(Yeun Ho Shin) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 시험은 호밀과 보리의 혼파에 의해 수량성과 품질이 높은 조사료 생산방법을 강구하고자 2004년 9월부터 2007년 6월까지 충남대학교 생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 시험 재료는 청예용 호밀인 Koolgrazer와 대연보리였으며, 시험구 배치는 호밀 100%, 호밀 60+보리 40%, 호밀 50+보리 50% 및 호밀 40+보리 60% 등 호밀과 보리의 혼파비율을 4수준으로 하는 난괴법 3반복으로 시험하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 3년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 호밀 100%구가 9,282 ㎏으로 가장 높았고 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 건물수량은 반대로 감소하는 경향이 푸렷하였다(p<0.05). 식생비율은 보리의 파종비율이 각각 40%, 50% 및 60%로 높아짐에 따라 보리의 식생비율은 각각 30%, 41% 및 47%로 높아졌으나 파종비율 대비 보리의 식생비율은 그리 높지 못한 결과를 가져왔다. 조단백질 함량과 건물소화율은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리의 파종비율이 높아질수록 높아졌던 반면에 NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin 함량은 낮아지는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). ㏊당 조단백질 수량과 가소화건물 수량은 호밀 100%구에 비하여 보리를 혼파한 모든 처리 구에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 대전지역에서 호밀과 보리를 혼파하여 이용할 경우, 청예용 보리의 다수확품종 보급이 선행되지 않고는 건물수량과 CPDM 및 DDM수량을 높이는 데는 어려움이 클 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was conducted at college of Agriculture and Life Science in Chungnam National University from September, 2004 to June, 2007 in order to evaluate the mixture possibility between barley and rye in the area of Daejeon. Rye (cultivar; Koolgrazer) and barley (cultivar; Daeyeon Bori) were set for the experiment. The experiment was arranged in four treatments: R100 (rye 100%), R60+B40(rye 60%+barley 40%), R50%+B50% (rye 50%+barley 50%), and R40%+B60% (rye 40%+barley 60%). The experiment was repeated three times in the randomized complete block. The average dry matter (DM) yield for three years of R100 weighed 9,282㎏ and its DM yield was higher than any other DM yield. The higher the barley seed rates are, the lower the DM yield is (p<0.05). As the barley seed rates increased 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively, its vegetative percentage tended to increase 30%, 41%, and 47%, but the barley vegetative percentage against its seed rates did bring forth somewhat low results. Compared with R100, the contents of crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) got higher as the barley seed rates became higher, while the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were lower (p<0.05). Compared with R100, the yields of crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) showed lower in the any mixed barley (p<0.05). Thus, in case of using barley mixed with rye in the area of Daejeon, it seems to be quite difficult, unless the supply of high-productive barley variety is followed, to enhance the yields of DM, CPDM, and DDM.

초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지의 건물수량과 품질 비교 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The object of this experiment was to investigate the effect of mixture which consist of different seeding rates and species on dry matter yield and quality in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of different mixture. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures, CM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover (Regal) 10%}, red clover+mixtures, RM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 40% + tall fescue(Fawn) 20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} and Turf type grass +mixtures, TM {orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass (tall fescue, Millennium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover(Regal) 10%}. The average DM yield for 2 years of red clover+mixture(11,656㎏/ha) was higher than those of the other mixtures(p<0.05). The content of crude protein and dry matter digestibility were higher in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). but, the content of fibrous compounds like as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter(CPDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(2,832㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(2,372㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(2,266㎏/ha)(p<0.05). The digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(8,881㎏/ha) than in conventional mixture(8,255㎏/ha) and turf type + mixture(7,314㎏/ha)(p<0.05). In botanical composition at last cutting time in 2005, conventional mixture were maintained orchardgrass 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% and white clover 24%. Red clover + mixture were maintained orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% and red clover 31%. turf type + mixture were orchardgrass 37%, tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8% and white clover 24%, respectively. As summary, DM yields and quality of mixture species and seeding rates were observed significant difference. The results of this experiment indicated that red clover + mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area. 본 연구는 초종과 파종비율을 달리한 혼파초지를 비교 검토하여 건물수량과 품질을 높일수 있는 혼파방법을 찾고자 관행 혼파초지{Conventional mixtures(CM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover(Regal) 10%}, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지{Red clover mixtures(RM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 40% + tall fescue 20%(Fawn) + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%} 및 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지{Turf type grass mixtures(TM), orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass(tall fescue, Millenium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer Ⅲ 10%) + white clover, Regal 10%)의 3처리를 두어 시험하였다. 시험은 난괴법 4반복으로 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2003년 9월부터 2005년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 건물수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 11,656㎏/ha으로 관행 혼파초지(11,245㎏/ha)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(9,897㎏/ha)에 비하여 높은 결과를 가져왔다(p<0.05). CP 함량은 연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 관계없이 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin과 같은 섬유소물질의 함량은 조사연도와 혼파초지의 유형에 따라 대체적으로 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 관행 혼파초지나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지에 비하여 낮은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DMD는 레드클로버 + 혼파초지가 76.2%으로 관행 혼파초지(73.4%)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(73.9%)에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05) 2년 평균 CPDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 2,832㎏으로 관행 혼파초지(2,372㎏)나 잔디형초종 + 혼파초지(2,266kg)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 2년 평균 DDM 수량은 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 8,881㎏으로 관행혼파초지(8,255㎏)나 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지(7,314㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 얻었다(p<0.05). 2005년 5회 예취시의 식생비율은 관행 혼파초지는 orchardgrass는 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% 및 white clover 24%이었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% 및 red clover 31%이었고, 잔디형 초종 + 혼파초지는 orchardgrass 37%, 잔디형 초종 37%(tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.

대전지역에서 호밀과 헤어리베치의 파종유형별 사초의 건물수량 및 사료가치 비교연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 시험은 2002년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 수행하였다. 공시초종은 청예용 호밀(Koolgrazer)과 헤어리베치(Common)를 공시하여 주구로 호밀 단파, 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파, 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파 및 헤어리베치 단파 등의 4 파종유형과 세구로 수잉기, 출수기, 개화기 및 유숙기 등의 4수확시기를 두어 분할구배치법 3반복으로 시험하였으며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, 호밀 단파구(9,776㎏)가 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파구(9,045㎏)나 호밀 60% + 헤어리베치 40% 혼파구(8,272㎏) 및 헤어리베치 단파구(5,424㎏)에 비하여 높은 결과를 나타내었고, 모든 처리구에서 수확시기가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.01). 화학적 성분도 파종유형과 수확시기에 따라 차이를 보여, CP 함량과 DMD는 헤어리베치 단파구에서 높았던 반면에 섬유소물질의 함량은 가장 낮았으나, 호밀 단파구에서는 상반되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.01). 조단백질수량(CPDM)과 가소화건물(DDM) 수량은 호밀 80% + 헤어리베치 20% 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아, 호밀이나 헤어리베치의 단파 이용보다는 호밀에 헤어리베치를 20% 정도 혼파하여 개화기~유숙기에 수확하는 것이 단위 면적당 수량과 사료가치를 높일 수 있는 한가지 방법이라 하겠다. The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum utilization upon rye and hairy vetch crops in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of rye, hairy vetch, and rye + hairy vetch mixtures. The experiment was designed with split plots (main plot : seeding rate as rye mono culture, hairy vetch monoculture, rye 80%+hairy vetch 20%, rye 60%+hairy vetch 40%, and sub plot : 4 cutting stages as boot, heading, anthesis, milk). The average DM yield for 2 years had a difference on seeding rate and harvesting stages. The DM yield of rye monoculture was higher than those of the other seeding rates. There were significant increases in advanced stages in all treatments. In chemical composition, they also had a difference on seeding rates and growth stages. Hairy vetch monoculture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound than those of the other seeding rates (p<0.01). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter yield was higher in rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture when it was harvested at anthesis to milk stages. The results of this experiment indicated that when it was harvested at anthesis to the milk stages, rye 80% + hairy vetch 20% mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area.

산지초지 개량전과 후의 채식초류 이용에 관한 연구

이인덕 ( In Duk Lee ) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.7

Monthly changes in botanical composition, preference index, dry matter(DM) production, DM intake, chemical composition, in uitro DM digestibility(IVDMD), herbage utilization percentage, and chewing efficiency of dietary herbage samples from sheep fitted esophageal fistula and fecal collection bag were compared between native and improved grasslands. Experimental field was situated in Chungnam National University, Daejon and treated by one plot design from July, 1987 to July, 1989. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, and Phragmites communis dominated and the botanical composition of the plants summed up to 68∼86% on native grassland and Dactylis glomerata dominated and summed up to 54∼68% on improved grassland. The botanical composition of annuals such as Setaria viridis and Digitaria sanguninalis slightly increased on native grassland during the summer, but on improved grassland the composition of Festuca arundinacea and Trifolium repens relatively increased. The botanical composition of highly preferred native species on native grassland markedly decreased than forage species on improved grassland as the season progressed. 2. Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, and Phragmites communis were less preferred native species and Carex lanceolata, Carex siderosticta, Festuca ouina, and Commelina communis were unpalatable species in all season, while Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria uiridis, Erigeron canadensis, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza bicolor, and Robinia pseudo-acasia were highly preferred among native grassland vegetation. Forage species on improved grassland generally were preferred than native species and there was no difference in preference indices among improved grassland vegetations. Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne were the highly preferred species. 3. The highest plant height and leaf area index(LAI) on native grassland were observed in July and August on native grassland, but those on improved grassland was obtained in May and June. Average plant height and LAI on improved grassland were markedly higher than those on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). 4. About 58.8% of annual DM production(3295kg/ha) on native grassland was produced during the summer (July and August), while about 65.7% of annual DM production(0449kg/ha) on improved grassland was produced during the spring(April, May and June). Total DM production on improved grassland was markedly higher than the DM production on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). The maximum DM production per day on native grassland was observed in July(34.6kg/ha/day), while on improved grassland was observed in May(100.4kg/ha/day). Averaged DM production per day on improved grassland was about 45.6kg per ha, while that on native grassland was about 15.1kg per ha(p $lt;0.01). 5. Fodder value on improved grassland was about 7.08 in average, while the value on native grassland was about 3.08 in average(p $lt;0.01). 6. The percentage of herbage utilization on native grassland was about 56.5% in average, while the percentage on improved grassland was about 78.1% in average(p $lt;0.01). 7. Grazing capacity on native grassland was about 121 cow-day per ha in average, while the capacity on improved grassland was about 544 cow-day per ha(p $lt;0.01). 8. Contents of crude protein(CP), crude ash(CA) and IVDMD of collected herbage samples from esophageal fistulated sheep grazed on both native and improved grasslands were higher than those of offered and residued herbage samples, While the contents of crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) of collected herbage samples were lower than those of offered and residued samples(p $lt;0.01). 9. Contents of CP and IVDMD of herbage samples on improved grassland were higher than those on native grassland, while contents of CF, NDF and ADF were lower than those on native grassland(p $lt;0.01). Contents of CP and IVDMD of herbage samples on native grassland

재래산양에 의한 경사초지의 방목이용에 관한 연구

이인덕,윤익석 ( In Duk Lee,Ik Suk Yun ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.11

In order to find a way of utilization of goat grazing on oversown sloping pasture, the seasonal grazing habits, dry matter intake and digestibility, palatability, and percentage of herbage utilization of Korean native goats were investigated in Taejon, from 1983 to 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The most time spent for grazing were 68.0%, 65.3% and 74.2% of total grazing time observating in Spring, Summer, and Autumn, the tendency of the major periods of intensive grazing activity was observed 3 times a day. 2. The order of ruminating time was Summer(56.3min.)$gt;Autumn(53.8min.)$gt;Spring(50.0min.) and 1 daily peak of ruminating activity was noted, but the variation of seasons was not different. 3. The order of the resting time was Summer(99.5min.)$gt;Spring(67.5min.)$gt;Autumn(20.0min.), in the most cases, goats stood up for resting in Summer, but sat down for resting in Spring and Autumn. 4. The total number of rumination, chews, and chews per bolues were increased in Summer. 5. The walking distance was in proportion to grazing time, in Autumn was more longer than other seasons, but distribution of goat tracks are depent on variables peculiar to specific conditions such as the slope and watershed. 6. Korean native goats selected more plant species higher in IVMD, R.I.I and Touch number than was obtained by low values of plant species. 7. Korean native goats ate more browse(52%) than native grass (48%) before the establishment of pasture, but were more selective in their choice of sown pasture grass (53%) than native grass (24%) and browse (23%.) after the establishment of pasture, therefore Korean native goats seems to be more adapted to adjusting their diets to existing condition and plant species eaten by goats were also extended. 8. Average DM intake of first cutting herbage was 2.83% per Kg body weight and DM digestibility was about 70.7% in average. 9. The increase of the slope tends to decrease the relative consumed index(R.C.I) by Korean native goats, R.C.I was 35.9%, 33.8% and 30.3 in 10°, 20°, and 30° sloping pasture, respectively.

대전지역 추파 사료작물의 건물수량 및 사료가치 비교연구

이형석(Huung Suk Lee),이인덕(In Duk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 시험은 2002년 9월부터 2004년 12월까지 충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 내 부속 초지시험포장에서 옥수수 후작물로 적합한 추파용 사료작물의 재배 가능성을 탐색하고자 시험하였다. 공시초종으로 청예용 호밀(Koolgrazer), 보리(Daeyeon Bori) 및 밀(Geumgang Mill)을 주구로 배치하였으며, 수잉기, 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기를 세구로 하여 분할구배치법 3반복으로 수행하였다. 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 2년 평균 ha당 건물수량은 호밀이 11,283㎏으로 가장 높았고, 다음이 밀(10,759㎏)과 보리(10,494㎏) 순으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 건물수량은 모든 초종에서 수확시기가 진행될수록 증가하는 양상이 뚜렷하였다(p<0.01). CP 함량은 초종간에 차이를 보여 청예용 밀이 13.9%으로 보리(13.7%)나 호밀(12.2%)에 비하여 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.01). NDF, ADF, cellulose 및 lignin과 같은 섬유소 물질의 함량은 호밀이 높은 반면에 보리가 가장 낮았으며, 밀은 중간으로 나타내었다(p<0.01). CPDM수량은 밀이 호밀이나 보리보다 높았다(p<0.01). 건물소화율(in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD)은 보리가 77.0%으로 밀(76.1%)이나 호밀(70.2%) 보다 높은 결과를 보였으나(p<0.01), DDM수량은 밀이 호밀이나 보리보다 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.01). 그러나, 대전지역에서 추파용 보리나 밀은 유숙기나 황숙기 때의 건물수량과 품질은 높은 편이었지만 수확시기가 상당히 늦어 옥수수의 후작물로 재배하기에는 어려움이 크다고 하겠다. 따라서, 대전지역 적합한 추파용 사료작물은 지금과 같이 청예용 호밀을 수잉기~출수기에 수확하여 이용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 대전지역에서 추파용 보리나밀의 이용은 조숙 다수확품종의 보급이 선행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum autumn sown small forage crops as next forage crops harvested maize in Daejon area. The field trials was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and qualities of the autumn sown small forage crops. The experiment was consisted of split plots (main plot : forage crops as rye, barley and wheat, and sub plot : 4 harvest stages as boot, heading, milk and dough) design with three replications. The average DM yield for 2 years of rye was higher than that of other forage crops (p<0.01). As stages proceed, the DM yield tended to increase in all forage crops (p<0.01). In chemical composition, they had a difference on forage crops and stages. The crude protein (CP) was higher in barley (p<0.01), but fibrous contents such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in wheat than in the other forage crops (p<0.01). In Daejon area, although barley and wheat at milk and dough stages were observed with maximum yield and high quality as autumn sown forage crops, due to late harvesting periods, it is difficult to utilize them as previous forage crops seeded in maize. Based on the result mentioned above, it is concluded that rye harvested at boot to heading stages is the most suitable for autumn sown small forage crops in Daejon area. Meanwhile, in order to have the option of nutritional value in wheat and barley, they need to be supplied early maturing and high-yield variety of wheat and barley.

CP와 TDN 수준이 육성기 유산양의 건물섭취량, 소화율과 질소 및 에너지 이용성에 미치는 영향

기광석(Kwang Seok Ki),임영순(Young Soon Lim),김택림(Ze Lin Jin),이현준(Hyun June Lee),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),이왕식(Wang Shik Lee),양승학(Seung Hak Yang),조원모(Won Mo Cho),김현섭(Hyeon Shup Kim),여준모(Joon Mo Jeo),이인덕(In Duk Lee) 韓國草地學會 2009 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.29 No.3

유산양의 에너지 및 단백질 이용성을 조사하기 위하여 대조구(A), TDN 증량구(B), 조단백질 증량구(C) 그리고 TDN 및 조단백질 증량구(D)로 구분하여 섭취량, 소화율과 질소 및 에너지 이용성을 시험하였다. 공시축은 유산양(Saanen, 평균체중 17.5㎏, ♀) 12두를 공시하였고, 2008년 10월 20일부터 11월 9일까지 충남대학교 부설동물사육장에서 수행하였다. 건물섭취량은 D구에서 가장 높았으며 B구가 C구보다 유의적으로 높은 섭취율을 보였다(p<0.05). 건물 소화율 및 세포내용물의 소화율은 A구에 비하여 영양성분을 증량한 B구와 C구 및 D구가 모두 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였으며(p<0.05), D구가 가장 높고 B구가 C구보다 높은 수준을 보였다. NDF 소화율은 A구에 비하여 영양성분을 증량한 처리구들에서 모두 높았고, ADF 소화율은 A구와 C구가 B구와 D구보다 다소 높은 결과를 보였는데 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 가소화 및 대사질소량은 섭취량과 유사한 경향으로 D구에서 가장 높았으며, C구 보다는 B구가 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였다(p<0.05). 가소화에너지와 대사에너지도 D구에서 가장 높았으며 C구 보다는 B구가 유의적으로 높은 수준을 보였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들은 조단백질만을 증량하는 것보다는 TDN 수준과 함께 조단백질수준을 증량시켜주거나 또는 TDN 수준을 증량시키는 것이 건물소화율 및 질소이용성과 에너지이용성을 향상시키는데 더 효과적이라는 결과를 보였다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of increases of nutrient level of TMR on dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance in growing dairy goats (Saanen). Twelve growing dairy goats weighing 17.5㎏ were randomly assigned to one of four TMRs; low energy-low crude protein (CP) TMR (control; A), high energy-low CP TMR (B), low energy-high CP TMR (C) and high energy-high CP TMR (D). The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP in the control diet were 67% and 11%. The TDN content of the high energy TMR was 73.7% and the CP content of the high CP TMR was 13%. Dry matter intake was highest in D, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Digestibility for dry matter and cell contents increased in proportion to dry matter intake. NDF digestibility was higher in D than in A, while ADF digestibility was higher in A and C than in B, but was not significant. Digestible nitrogen, apparently digested nitrogen and retained nitrogen were correlated with intake, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Digestible energy and metabolizable energy were highest in D, and significantly higher in B than in C (p<0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that D or B were better than C for high intake, digestibility, nitrogen and energy utilization.

草地類型別 放牧畜에 의한 牧草利用과 放牧 및 社會習性 比較

李仁德(In Duk Lee),明全(Jeon Myoung),宋祐錫(Woo Suk Seong),林東燦(Dong Chan Raim) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.13 No.2

야생화초지의 조성에 관한 연구

이인덕(In Duk Lee),이형석(Hyung Suk Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 야생화초지 조성을 위한 기초연구로 국내산 야생화초지와 외국산 야생화초지의 2처리를 두어 시험하였다. 공시초종은 기본초종으로 잔디형 목초로 Kentucky bluegrass(Midnight)를 공시하였고, 국내산 야생화는 패랭이꽃 (Dianthus sinensis L.), 벌노랑이 (Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus Regel), 꼬리풀(Veronica linariaefolia Pallas), 벌개미취 (Aster koraiensis Nakai), 부처꽃 (Lythrum anceps Makino), 톱풀 (Achillea sibirica Ledeb), 붓꽃 (Iris nertschinskia Lodd) 및 원추 천인국(Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.) 등 8종을 공시하였고, 외국산 야생화는 서양말냉이 (Iberis umbellata), 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt), 물망초(Myosotis sylvatica Hoffmann), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii), 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis), 아프리칸 데이지 (Dimorphotheca aurantiaca), 왜성수레국화(Centaurea cyanus), Dwarf godetia (Clarkia amoena), 왜성 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria, dwarf), 왜성 적 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria, red), Spurred snapdragon (Linaria maroccana), 끈끈이대나물(Silene ameria), 러시안 꽃 무우 (Cheiranthus allionii), 캘리포니아 양귀비(Eschscholzia californica Cham), 아이스랜드 양귀비 (Papaver nudicaule), 왜성 제비꽃(Viola cornuta), Bellflower (Campanula carpatica), Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima), 흰 점나도나물 (Cerastium biebersteinii), 큰 달맞이꽃 (Oenothera lamarckiana Ser.), 큰 금계국(Coreopsis lanceolata L.), 각시 패랭이 (Dianthus deltoids L.), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) 및 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis) 등 24종을 공시하였다. 시험은 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2006년 9월부터 2007년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 야생화초지의 꽃 색깔은 외국산 야생화초지가 국내산 야생화초지보다 다양하였으나 개화가 봄철에 편중되는 등 계절분포 및 영속성이 문제시되었다. 국내산 야생화초지는 꽃 색깔은 다양하지 못하였으나 계절분포 및 영속성이 상대적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다년간 식생을 유지하기 위한 야생화 초지의 조성은 기본초종인 잔디형 목초는 물론이고 야생화초종을 지역별로 초기생육 및 개화특성 등을 검토하여 초종을 다양화하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다. 더욱이 야생화초지를 추파하여 조성할 경우, 외국산 야생화초지는 월동전에는 다양한 식생을 유지하였으나 월동 후에는 내한성의 문제로 식생이 단순화되는 양상을 보였다. 국내산 야생화초지는 내한성에는 문제가 없었으나 식생이 다양화하지 못하였다. 따라서 야생화초지를 다년간 유지할 목적이라면 다년생의 야생화를 중심으로 하되 여기에 단년생을 혼합하여 야생화 초종을 다양화 하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to suggest the basic data for establishment of wildflower pastures. The experimental design includes two treatments: Native wildflower pasture (NWP, Kentucky bluegrass + native wildflower 8 species) and Introduced wildflower pasture (IWP, Kentucky bluegrass + introduced wildflower 24 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pastures plots at Chungnam National University throughout from Sep. 2006 to Dec. 2007. The results obtained are as follows: In terms of the flower color in the wildflower pastures, the IWP was found more various than the NWP. But such problems as seasonal distribution and continuity were raised and moreover the time of flowering depended mainly upon the spring season. Even though the flower color in the NWP did not show up its variousness, seasonal distribution and continuity were found comparatively satisfactory. To perennially maintain the botanical composition, the variousness of wildflower species are found important after examining locally the beginning rearing and flowering characteristics of wildflowers as well as the basic turfgrass. Moreover, when the wildflower pastures was constructed in autumn, since most of the introduced wildflower were annuals, it maintained various botanical composition before wintering, but after wintering the botanical composition were found simplified due to the winter tolerance. The NWP did not show any problems in the winter tolerance but it could not make the botanical composition diversified. Accordingly, to maintain the wildflower pasture for many years, diversifying wildflower species based upon perennials including annuals seems to be good.

초지류형별(草地類型別) 방목축(放牧畜)에 의한 목초이용(牧草利用)과 방목(放牧) 및 사회습성(社會習性) 비교(比較)

이인덕,명전,송우석,임동찬,Lee, In Duk,Myoung, Jeon,Seong, Woo Suk,Raim, Dong Chan 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.13 No.2

평지(平地), 경사(傾斜) 및 임간초지(林間草地)의 유형(類型)이 가축(家畜)에 의한 목초이용(牧草利用)과 방목(放牧) 및 사회습성(社會習性)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 비교검토(比較檢討)하고자 4년차(年次) 기존(旣存) 혼파초지(混播草地)에서 한우육성빈우(韓牛育成牝牛) 30두(頭)와 재래산양(在來山羊) 5두(頭)를 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 의한 상대섭취빈도(相對攝取頻度)는 평지초지(平地草地)가 35.2%, 경사초지(傾斜草地)가 35.0%, 임간초지(林間草地)가 29.8%이었고, 두당(頭當) 1일(日) 건물섭취량(乾物攝取量)은 평지초지(平地草地)가 462g, 경사초지(傾斜草地)가 459g, 임간초지(林間草地)가 391g이었으며 건물소화율(乾物消化率)은 평지초지(平地草地)가 63.7% 경사초지(傾斜草地) 63.0% 임간초지(林間草地)가 62.1%이었다. 2. 한우(韓牛)에 의한 채식시간(採食時間)은 초지류형(草地類型)에 따라 차이(差異)가 없었으나 반추시간(反芻時間)은 경사초지(傾斜草地)에서 길었고, 임간초지(林間草地)에서 짧았다. 휴식시간(休息時間)은 임간초지(林間草地)에서 길었고 경사초지(傾斜草地)에서 짧았다. 보행시간(步行時間)은 평지초지(平地草地)에서 길었고, 방황시간(彷徨時間)은 임간초지(林間草地)에서 길었다. 반추회수(反芻回數), 식괴당저작회수(食塊當咀嚼回數) 및 배분회수(排糞回數)는 임간초지(林間草地)에서 적었고, 배뇨회수(排尿回數)는 임간초지(林間草地)에서 많았다. 음수인수(飮水因數) 및 음수량(飮水量)은 경사초지(傾斜草地)에서 많았고 보행거리(步行距離)는 경사초지(傾斜草地)에서 길었다. 3. 한우(韓牛)에 의한 사회적(社會的) 거리(距離)는 임간초지(林間草地)가 3.70m, 경사초지(傾斜草地)가 3.56m, 평지초지(平地草地)가 3.41m였고, 두당점유면적(頭當占有面積)은 임간초지(林間草地)가 $14.6m^2$, 평지초기(平地草地)가 $11.9m^2$, 경사초지(傾斜草地)가 $11.0m^2$이었다. 우군형성(牛群形成)은 경사초지(傾斜草地)가 3.7두(頭), 평지초지(平地草地)가 3.6두(頭), 임간초지(林間草地)가 3.4두(頭)이었다. 방목이동순위(放牧移動順位)는 복합적(複合的)인 pear-shaped grazing formation에 가까웠으나 초지유형(草地類型)에 따른 상하(上下) 방목축간(放牧畜間)의 우열관계(優劣管係)는 분명(分明)치 않았다. A study was conducted to provide direct comparisons of the effect of variations in herbage use, grazing and social behaviour upon the flat, slope and forest grassland with a total 30 Korean Native Cattle and 5 Korean Native Goats under 4-year old grassland established by intensive sowing method in Daecheon. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Relative intake index, dry matter intake per animal and dry matter digestibility by Korean Native Goats in flat, slope and forest grassland were 35.2%-462g-63.7%, 35.0%-459g-63.0% and 29.8%-391g-62.1%, respectively. 2. Grazing time by Korean Native Cattle was not different among the grassland types, but ruminating time was increased in slope grassland, whereas in forest grassland was decreased. Resting time was increased in forest grassland, whereas in slope grassland was decreased. Walking time was increased in flat grassland, but loafing time was increased in forest grassland. The number of rumination, chews per bolus and defecation number were decreased in forest grassland. The number of drinks, total drinking water and walking distance were increased in slope grassland. 3. Animal distance, occupied area per animal and sub group formation by Korean Native Cattle in flat, slope and forest grassland were $3.4m-11.9m^2-3.6head$, $3.56m-11.0m^2-3.7head$ and $3.70m-14.6m^2-3.4head$, respectively. The order of grazing movement was similar to the pear-shaped grazing formation, but the relations of dominance between first grazer and last grazer upon different grassland types was not clear.