어린 숭어 (Mugil cephalus)의 염분별 삼투조절 능력

이영춘,장영진,이복규,LEE Young Choon,CHANG Young Jin,LEE Bok Kyu 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

숭어, Mugil cephalus의 염분별 삼투조절 능력을 알아보기 위하여, 전장 $13.6{\pm}0.2cm$, 체중 $20.0{\pm}0.5g$ 크기의 재료를 해수 (SW)에 담수를 첨가하여 만든 $0\%SW\~100\%SW$에 수용한 다음, 60일간 사육하면서 염분별 혈액의 이온 농도와 삼투질 농도 변화를 조사하고, 아가미와 염세포의 조직학적 변화 및 근육의 수분함량을 비교하였다. $0\%SW\~25\%SW$에서 숭어 혈장의 $Na^+$와 $K^+$ 농도는 실험개시후 8일째부터 안정되었다. $0\%SW$에서의 혈장 $Cl^-$ 농도는 실험개시후 0.5일째 가장 낮았으며 2일 이후부터 안정되었다. 실험종료시에 있어서 숭어 혈장의 삼투질 농도는 저염분 일수록 낮아지는 경향을 보여, $100\%SW$부터 $0\%SW$까지 각각 340, 334, 322 및 316 mOsm/kg 수준으로 안정됨으로써, 저염분에서는 저삼투 조절을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 hematocrit도 염분이 낮아짐에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. $0\%SW\~50\%SW$에 10일째 노출된 숭어의 아가미에서는 2차새변이 손상되었으며, 특히 $0\%SW$에서는 2차새변의 박리, 유착 및 괴사 등이 관찰되었다. 그러나 손상된 아가미는 이후부터 회복되기 시작하여 사육 15일째에 정상적인 조직상을 나타냈다. 염분에 따른 각 염분구별 어체 근육의 수분함량에는 차이가 없었다. In order to investigate the osmoregulation capability of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus with the different salinities, juvenile fish $(13.6{\pm}0.2\;TL)$ stocked in seawater (SW) were abruptly transferred to each experimental group $0\%SW(0\%_{\circ}),\;25\%SW(7.7\%_{\circ}),\;50\%SW(16.1\%_{\circ})\;and \;100\%SW(32.8\%_{\circ})$ and reared for 60 days. Blood samples were taken by the time schedule after the transfer. Plasma $Na^{+},\;K^{+},\;Cl^{-}$ and osmolality, muscle water content, and the electron microscopical observations of chloride cells were analyzed and made by the time schedule. In $100\%SW$, the maintainable levels of plasma $Na^{+},\;K^{+},\;Cl^{-}$ and osmolality were $167.1{\pm}7.7mM/l,\;9.1{\pm}2.1mM/l,\;137.8{\pm}5.6mM/l\;and\;351{\pm}18\;mOsm/kg$, respectively. These values were significantly changed at $6h\~1\;day$ after the beginning of the experiment with four different salinities. Fish from $0\%\;and\;25\%SW$ had lower osmolalities than those of fish from $50\%\;and\;100\%SW$, and showed the hyposmotic regulation pattern. At the end of the experiment (60 days after transfer), however, no significant difference was found in the concentrations of plasma $Na^{+},\;K^{+}\;and\;Cl^{-}$ among four experimental groups. Hematocrit was increased with salinity (P<0.01). After 10 days, fish from $0\%\;and\;25\%SW$ showed the hypertrophy, fusion and edema of epithelial layer in gill lamella. However, at the 15th day, epithelial layer in gill lamella was back to the normal status. On gill of fish from $0\%SW$, one apical pit held two or three chloride cells in common. Muscle water content was subsequently regulated to near the normal levels within 4 days, and there was no significant difference among four different salinities at the end of the experiment.

한국인 중.고등학생의 체격, 체형 및 그 성장에 관한 연구

이영춘,김종석,박희명,채의업,주영은,이륭창,류호열,김규수,김정묵,최경숙,이열희,이태호,우원형,신현찬,박원학,Lee, Young-Choon,Kim, Chong-Suk,Park, Hi-Myung,Chae, E-Up,Choo, Young-Eun,Lee, Yung-Chang,Ryoo, Ho-Yul,Kim, Kyu-Soo,Kim, Chung-Muk,Choi, Kyu 대한생리학회 1970 대한생리학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Measurement and analysis of the physical status (height, body weight, breast girth, sitting height. length of leg, length of thigh, thigh girth, crural length, length of arm, brachial length, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness), physical types and the growth were made to the 360 Korean middle and high school boys aged between 12 and 17 years in Taegu City. The physical status was evaluated and expressed as dispersion and the Physical type as percentage of each status to height, and the growth was analysed by the growth formula. The results are as follows; 1) The increase of the volumes of Physical status was slowest between 12 and 13 years and fastest between 13 and 14 years in general. 2) The increase of the volumes of thigh girth and antebrachial girth showed a linear pattern until 16 years. 3) The coefficient of variation was largest in skinfold thickness $(16.3{\sim}28.4%)$ followed by body weight $(10.0{\sim}14.3%)$, antebrachial girth $(4.8{\sim}19.60%)$ and length of thigh$(6.3{\sim}13.6%)$. The coefficients of variation in all the other status were similar $(4{\sim}7%)$. 4)The physical indices of body weight, breast girth, sitting height, length of thigh, thigh girth, antebrachial girth and skinfold thickness increased as age increased while the others decreased except the brachial length, which showed no significant change. 5) Ratio of growth quantity was largest in body weight followed by skinfold thickness, and the others were all similar. 6) Growth rate and specific growth rate decreased in the all the status analysed as age increased except in the skinfold thickness in which an increase was noted. 7) Growth gradient was increased along the increase of age in breast girth, sitting height, crural length, brachial length and in skinfold thickness. However a decrease was observed in the other status except in the body weight which was decreased until 15 years of age and increased thereafter.

가구디자인 공모전을 통한 가구산업 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 -경기 가구우수디자인 공모전을 중심으로-

이영춘,Lee, Young-Choon 한국가구학회 2006 한국가구학회지 Vol.17 No.2

In 1990s, with the rapid development of the design part and the change of perception, various design competitions in a way to encourage the design industry have repeatedly implemented and abolished. They played positive roles of developing designs and nurturing talents. On the contrary, they caused a lot of problems of standardization of design, loss of identification of competitions, deterioration of the quality of design. Especially, though too many competitions are holding, the level of quality cannot catch up with the quantity, resulting in numerous side-effects. In the field of Furniture Design, many competitions are just an one time events and disappeared. Therefore, it is very difficult to keep the tradition of prestigious competition, playing the adverse role in the development of furniture design and lowering the will of creativeness of designers. In this study, I compared and analyzed the current issues and problems of Gyeonggi Furniture Good Design Contest, one of the representative competition as the national scale competition as of 2006, with examples from home and abroad to find out the positive and developmental methods. At the same time, I provided the ways that can be helpful in the design through the ways to facilitate competition and proposals of desirable competitions.

제3차교육(第3次敎育)에 관(關)한 소고(小考) -선진(先進) 주요국(主要國)을 중심(中心)으로-

이영춘 ( Young Choon Lee ) 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 1999 한국초등교육 Vol.10 No.1

제3차교육(第3次敎育)에 관(關)한 소고(小考) -선진(先進) 주요국(主要國)을 중심(中心)으로- Toward the development of tertiary educaatic

Hoelderlin 의 Halbgott

이영춘(Young Choon Lee) 철학연구회 1972 哲學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

Heidegger 에 있어서 ψυσιζ 의 문제

이영춘(Young Choon Lee) 철학연구회 1979 哲學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

Mammalian Sialyltransferase Superfamily : Structure and Function

이영춘(Young-Choon Lee) 한국생명과학회 2002 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.38 No.-

To elucidate the regulatory mechanism for expression of sialylglycoconjugates and their biological functions, ninetheen sialyltransferase cDNAs including eleven by our group or co-works have been cloned and characterized so far. The cloned sialyltransferases are classified into four families according to the carbohydrate linkages they synthesize: α2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal Ⅰ-Ⅵ), α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal Ⅰ), GalNAc α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNAc Ⅰ-Ⅵ), and α2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia Ⅰ-Ⅵ). Each of the sialyltransferase genes is differentially expressed in a tissue-, cell type-, and stage-specific manner. These enzymes differ in their substrate specificity and various biochemical parameters. However, enzymatic analysis conducted in vitro with recombinant enzyme revealed that one linkage can be synthesized by multiple enzymes. We present here an overview of structure and function of sialyltransferases performed by our group and co-works. Genomic structures and transcriptional regulation of two kinds of human sialyltransferase gene are also presented.

다산 (茶山) 의 예학과 복제예설 (服制禮說)

이영춘 ( Young Choon Lee ) 조선시대사학회 1998 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.5 No.-

朝鮮後期의 祀典의 再編과 國家祭祀

李迎春(Lee Young-Choon) 한국사연구회 2002 한국사연구 Vol.118 No.-

The Gookjo-oryeui(《國朝五禮儀》: The National Codes of Five Rites), the text of the national ritual codes of the Choson dynasty, was published in 1474. The kings in early Choson dynasty were used to follow the codes. As the environment of political status and society, however. had been changed during the two hundred years of history. it compelled to bring some revises and reforms on both the ritual codes and national memorial rites. The revision of the codes was made during the reign of King Yeongjo(英祖) and the new version of codes Gookjosokoryeui(《國祖續五禮儀》 : The Revised National Codes of Five Rites) was published in the 18th century. This revise of The Five Rites was as significant as the revision of the Codes of National Laws, the Sokdaejeon(《續大典》 : the Revised Codes of National Laws). Both occasions imply an effort on the reformation of governmental administrations performed in the 18th century. The most essential cause of the ritual reformations of the dynasty was resulted from destructive Korean-Japanese War occurred in 1592-1597. During the war, many memorial shrines were destroyed or damaged while some new shrines were restored or reconstructed after the war. The former were mostly those of Taoists sacrifices and the latter were mostly those of shrines for the Chinese great man. the monuments of the patriots sacrificed and the royal family. One of the prominent new ceremonies was Gigokje(祈穀祭 : The Praying Ceremony for the Fertile Harvest of The Year) that was performed yearly in January at the Sajikdan(社稷壇). It was originally held in the early period of the dynasty, but it had been overlooked since the interruption of the affair on Wongudan(圓丘壇) for 200 years. As the country was suffered from frequent national disasters and serious famines during the 17th century, King Sookjong (肅宗)determined to reestablish the Gigokje ceremony to express his firm intention to overcome the disasters and difficulties. The ceremony was established as an annual ceremony starting from 1696, and the event was leveled up to the first grade memorial rite in the reign of King Yeongjo(英祖) and King Jeongjo(正祖) in the 18th century. The both kings faithfully performed the praying ceremony as well as they seriously concentrated on the promotion and safeguard of the agriculture. Contrast to their ancestor kings their successors were not so much interested in the ceremony and used to ignore the processes. The kings of the 19th century were seemed to be not interested in general national memorial rites even in the most important ceremonies including the event conducted at Jongmyo(宗廟 : The ancestral shrine of the royal family). These reflect their unconcern about ritual ceremonies and looseness on administrative politics. At the same time, it also seems to show a phenomenon of modernity tendency of getting free from religious bondage. The kings and the governments of late Choson dynasty became not so indulged in Confucian memorial rites as in the early days of the dynasty. Even though it was not involved in the national ritual codes, another very important memorial rite was that of Daibodan(大報壇 : The Memorial Site of The Great Favor) located in the Changduck Palace. which was dedicated to the three Emperors of Ming dynasty. Although the scale of annual ceremony was the biggest of all, this was rather not openly performed because of avoidance of any notice by Qing government. It implies that not only Choson dynasty had a pride of becoming as the orthodox successor of the Ming Confucian culture and spirit, but a strong expression of abhorrence against the barbarian Qing culture. We can say that it was a symbolic effort to establish the national cultural identity.

강정일당 (姜靜一堂)의 생애와 학문

이영춘(Young Choon Lee) 조선시대사학회 2000 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.13 No.-

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