중소기업의 성장단계 판별모형에 관한 연구

이양현 ( Yang Hyun Lee ),심상규 ( Sang Gyoo Shim ) 한국중소기업학회 2007 中小企業硏究 Vol.29 No.2

기업특성별 명시적 조세와 내재적 조세에 관한 연구

이양현(Lee, Yang-Hyun),김지범(Kim, Jee-Beom) 대한경영학회 2003 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

사업소득자의 음성ㆍ탈루소득과 소비지출항목간의 관계에 관한 비교연구

이양현(Lee, Yang-Hyun),김형상(Kim, Hyung-Sang),김지범(Kim, Ji-Beom) 대한경영학회 2005 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

TAS-20의 한국판 3종간의 신뢰도 및 타당도 비교

정운선,임효덕,이양현,김상헌,Chung, Un-Sun,Rim, Hyo-Deog,Lee, Yang-Hyun,Kim, Sang-Heon 한국정신신체의학회 2003 정신신체의학 Vol.11 No.1

연구목적: 1985년 Taylor 등이 발표한 TAS는 감정표현불능증을 측정하는 도구로서 1992년 TAS-20으로 개정되어 여러 나라에서 신뢰도와 타당도가 검증되었다. 본 연구는 혼재되어 쓰이고 있는 세 가지 TAS 한국판 감정표현불능증 척도를 비교하여 가장 신뢰도와 타당도가 높은 척도를 통일하여 사용하고자 시도되었다. 첫 번째 척도는 1996년 이양현 등이 개발한 것{이후 TAS-20K(1996)}이다. 두 번째 척도는 위 연구에서 "어떤 문제를 묘사하기보다는 분석하는 편이다"라고 직역한 5번 항목의 결과가 예측치와 상반되어 '분석하다'라는 단어에 대한 우리나라와 서양의 문화적 견해 차이를 고려하여 5번 문항을 수정 제안한 것{이후 TAS-20K(2003)}으로서, 타당도와 신뢰도의 호전을 검증하지 않은 것이다. 세 번째 척도는 1997년 신현균과 원호택이 TAS-20을 번역한 것(이후 S-TAS)으로 20항목의 원래 항목 수를 23개로 수정 번역한 특성을 지니고 있다. 방 법: 의학과 학생 408명을 대상으로 세 가지 척도의 서로 다른 항목, 즉 TAS-20K(1996)의 20항목, TAS-20K(2003)의 수정 제안된 1항목, S-TAS의 23항목을 무작위로 배열하여 구성된 하나의 척도를 사용하여 검사를 시행하였다. 세 가지 척도의 신뢰도를 비교하기 위해 내적 일치도(Cronbach $\alpha$ coefficients)를 구하였고 타당도를 비교하기 위해 확증적 요인 분석(confirmatory factor analysis)을 실시하였다. 결 과: TAS-20K(2003)은 TAS-20K(1996)보다 내적 일치도가 호전되었다. TAS-20K(2003)과 S-TAS는 모두 원척도의 세 요인 구조를 재현하였고, 우수한 내적 일치도와 받아들일 만한 타당도를 보여 주었다. 그러나 S-TAS는 19번 항목이 요인 2와 상관성이 낮게 나타났고, 이전 연구에서와 같이 2번 항목과 요인 1간의 상관성이 재현되지 않아 본래 요인 2에 속한 19번 항목을 요인 1에도 포함시키는 것이 타당하지 않았다. 결 론: TAS-20K(2003)과 S-TAS는 모두 원본 TAS-20의 번역판으로서 우수한 타당도와 받아들일만한 신뢰도를 보였다. 그러나 TAS-20K(2003)은 원본과 동일한 항목 수와 구조, 동일한 점수 체계를 유지하고 있으며 TAS-20은 이미 15개 이상의 언어로 번역되어 있는 도구이나, S-TAS는 항목 수 및 점수 체계, 요인 구조를 원본 TAS-20과 다르게 변형시켜 국제적인 비교 연구를 위해서는 제한점이 있다고 하겠다. 따라서 향후 감정표현불능증의 국내 연구에서 TAS-20K(2003), 즉 TAS-20K를 사용하는 것이 더 적절할 것으로 제안한다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare reliability and validity of three Korean versions of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia scale and to confirm the most reliable and validated Korean translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale for both clinical and research purpose in Korea. The first one was a Korean version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale developed by Lee YH et al in 1996 which was designated as TAS-20K(1996) in this study. This scale had a problem with one item due to the cultural difference regarding the word 'analyzing' between western culture and Korean culture. The second one was the revised version of TAS-20K(1996) on that point by Lee YH et al in 1996 without validation which was designated as TAS-20K(2003) in this study. The third one was a 23-item Korean version developed by Sin HG and Won HT in 1997, which was somewhat different from the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20) in the number of total item, the content of some items and the scoring method. This scale was designated as S-TAS here. Methods: 408 medical students were tested with one scale composed of all the different items randomly arranged from the three versions. We evaluated goodness-of-fit and Cronbach $\alpha$ coefficients of three scales for reliability. We used confirmatory factor analysis to compare validity. Results: TAS-20K(2003) showed that it had better internal consistency than TAS-20K(1996), which implied that the cultural difference should be considered in the Korean translation. Both TAS-20K(2003) and S-TAS replicated three-factor structures and had adequacy of fit, good internal consistency and acceptable validity. However, S-TAS had one item with poor item-factor correlation and didn't show high correlation between item 2 and factor 1 as before in 1997. Conclusion: Although S-TAS had added 3 items and changed the content of two items, it didn't show better reliability and validity than TAS-20K(2003). Therefore it is proposed to use TAS-20K (2003) as the Korean version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS-20K) for international communication of results of Alexithymia research. It has good internal consistency and validity and maintains original items, the same construct and scoring method as the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale.

『의종김감(醫宗金鑑),외과심법요결(外科心法要訣)』의 경락학적 이해 -『자구심법요결(刺灸心法要訣)』과 비교 고찰을 중심으로-

이양석 ( Yang Seok Lee ),권선오 ( Sun Oh Kwon ),김승태 ( Seung Tae Kim ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ),함대현 ( Dae Hyun Hahm ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of meridian in 『Woegwasimbeopyogyeol (WGS)』 of 『The Golden Mirror of Medicine (GMM)』. Methods : We compared the meaning of meridian in WGS with in Jagusimbeopyogyeol (JGS) of GMM. Results : Objectivity and clearness is obtained by inserting the meridian and collateral diagram and the partially expanded diagram in WGS and JGS. The meridian song (a quatrain with seven) in WGS is placed at the beginning of the chapter, indicating its importance. Kihyeoldaso of 12 meridians is detailed in WGS, so as to reduce the harmful effect when doctors diagnose, treat and prognose. It is important to understand the meaning of meridian When doctors treat carbunculosis. The symptoms of a disease is classified by parts and shown in diagram, which can play an important role in diagnosis. Conclusions : The WGS follows the meanings of meridian and the complementary structure in JGS.

노인 환자에서 Vancomycin 사용과 관련한 신독성의 위험인자 연구

김하늬,김해숙,이양현,이경주,신승우,박선철,이유정,Kim, Ha Nui,Kim, Hae Sook,Lee, Yang Hyun,Lee, Kyeong Ju,Shin, Seung Woo,Park, Seon Cheol,Lee, Yu Jeung 한국임상약학회 2017 한국임상약학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Objective: Infection is very common in the elderly, so there is a high prevalence of antibiotics use among this population. Especially, due to the emergence of resistant bacteria, the use of vancomycin is growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in elderly patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients over 18 years old who received intravenous vancomycin in a general hospital located in Gangneung-si, Korea between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2015. Data collection regarding vancomycin use and baseline characteristics was conducted using computerized hospital database. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Results: A total of 290 patients were finally included, and 191(66%) out of these patients were age 65 or older. The incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity was 11.0%, 12.6%, and 7.0% in the all adult patients, the elderly patients, and the non-elderly patients, respectively. There were significant differences in comorbidities between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the all adult patients, and there were significant differences in vancomycin duration, comorbidities, and number of nephrotoxic agents between patients with nephrotoxicity and patients without nephrotoxicity in the elderly patients. However, according to the logistic regression analysis, there was no significant risk factor that increases the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in all three age groups. Conclusion: There were no differences in risk factors that increase the incidence of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity between all adult patients, elderly patients, and non-elderly patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes to identify risk factors associated with vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the elderly to improve the outcome of pharmacotherapy are required.

젊은 성인에서 아이오와 도박과제와 주사위게임과제를 이용한 의사결정능력의 평가

서유진(Eugene Seo),이양현(Yanghyun Lee),조현진(Hyun-Jin Cho),김양태(Yang-Tae Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2007 생물치료정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives:Decision-making ability is one of the most important human functions to maintain everyday life. Two commonly used decision-making tools, the Iowa Gambling Task(IGT) and the Game of Dice Task(GDT) has been drawing attention because two tasks may reflect distinctive aspects of decision-making;the IGT for affective and the GDT for cognitive aspect of decision-making. This study examined the demographic and neuropsychological factors affecting the performance of the IGT and the GDT and any relationship between the two tasks. Methods:Eighty seven healthy young adults(female=41) underwent intelligence test, computerized versions of the IGT, the GDT and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST). Results:The performances on both tasks had no relationships with sex, intelligence, and working memory. There was a significant yet moderate correlation between emotional decision-making tested by the IGT and cognitive decision-making by the GDT. In a subanalysis dividing subjects into‘non-impaired’ and‘impaired’ group according to the performance on the IGT, subjects in impaired group were more likely to make riskier choices than those in non-impaired group were. Conclusion:These results suggest that both decision-making tasks are relatively independent to sex, intelligence and working memory, and common factors shared by both tasks should be considered when it comes to interpret the performance on the IGT and the GDT together. The reason for this correlation between two decisionmaking tasks was explained by the perspectives of risk taking, hypersensitivity to rewards, and impulsivity.

비상장 가족기업과 비가족기업의 회계정보 유용성 비교

심상규 ( Sang Gyoo Shim ),이양현 ( Yang Hyun Lee ) 韓國中小企業學會 2008 中小企業硏究 Vol.30 No.2

인지기능 평가 도구들의 진단 예측치

박종한(Jonghan Park),이양현(Yang Hyun Lee),김희철(Heecheol Kim) 대한노인정신의학회 1998 노인정신의학 Vol.2 No.1

연구목적: 일반 인구에서 유병률이 높지 않은 질병을 진단하는 검사 도구의 타당도를 고려할 때는 민감도와 특이도보다는 양성 및 음성 예측치가 더 중요하다. 본 연구는 지역 사회 노인들에서 MMSEK와 CIDI의 치매 진단 예측치를 알아 보기 위한 것이다. 방 법: 이미 연구된 MMSEK와 CIDI의 진단적 민감도와 특이도, 지역 사회 노인들에서의 치매 유병률을 이용하여 양성 예측치와 음성 예측치를 계산했다. 계산 공식은 Bayes정리이었다. 결 과: 65세 이상의 노인들에서 치매의 유병률이 10.8%인 지역 사회 노인들에서 MMSEK로 치매를 진단하는 구분점을 23점 이하로 했을 경우, 양성 예측치는 56.7%, 음성 예측치는 99.0%, 그리고 혼합 오차는 8.4%이었다. CIDI에서 치매 유무의 구분점을 57점 이하로 정하면 치매의 유병률이 10.8%인 어느 노인 집단에서는 양성 및 음성 예측치가 각각 64.2%와 99.1%이었고, 혼합 오차는 6.3%이었다. 민감도와 특이도가 일정할 때 치매의 유병률은 MMSEK와 CIDI의 양성 예측치에는 큰 영향을 미친 반면에 음성 예측치와 혼합 오차에 미치는 영향은 미미했다. 결 론: 여러 가지 검사 도구의 민감도와 특이도가 유사하다면 진단하고자 하는 질병의 유병률이 음성 예측치와 혼합 오차에는 영향을 별로 끼치지 않으므로 검사 도구를 선택할 때 양성 예측치가 우수한 검사 도구를 선택해야 할 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 지역 사회 노인들에서 치매를 진단하는데는 CIDI가 MMSEK보다 우수하다고 할 수 있다. Objective:The positive and negative predictive values are more important as the diagnostic validity than the sensitivity and specificity in the general population with a low prevalence rate of a disease. The present study is about the diagnostic predictive values of the Korean version of mini-mental state examination and Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument in an unselected community elderly group. Method:The positive and negative diagnostic values were calculated based on the Bayes theorem, using the sensitivity and specificity of the Korean version of mini-mental state examination and Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument and a previously reported prevalence rate. Results:When the prevalence of dementia is 10.8% among elderly people living in a community, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value and combined error were estimated as being 56.7%, 99.0%, and 8.4%, respectively, at cutoff score of 23 of the Korean version of mini-mental state examination for diagnosing dementia. In the case of the Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument, they were 64.2%, 99.1% and 6.3%, respectively, at the point of 57 or less in an unselected community sample with the same prevalence. If the sensitivity and specificity are constant, the positive predictive values of the Korean version of mini-mental state examination and Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument incresed markedly with the rising prevalence while the negative predictive values and combined errors changed little. Conclusion:If a variety of diagnostic tests available are similar in the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, a test with higher positive predictive value should be prefered because the negative predictive value and combined error are not significantly influenced by the prevalence. In this regard, the Cognitive Impairment Diagnosing Instrument may be superior to the Korean version of mini-mental state examination.

육계에서 분리한 Salmonella gallinarum의 약제내성 및 PFGE 양상

김성국 ( Seong Guk Kim ),김영환 ( Yeong Hwan Kim ),엄현정 ( Hyun Jung Eom ),장성준 ( Seong Jun Jang ),조광현 ( Gwang Hyeon Jo ),이양수 ( Yang Soo Lee ) 한국동물위생학회 2006 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.29 No.3

Fowl typhoid(FT) is a septicemic disease caused by Salmonella gallinarum. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) patterns of S gallinarum isolated from broiler. During 1999 to 2004, there was isolated a total of 26 strains in liver and spleen. The biochemical characteristics of S gallinarum isolates was nonmotile, no production of H2S, glucose gas, non-fermented rhamnose, indole-negative, fermentation of dulcitol, mannitol, maltose, and ornithine decarboxylase. At antimicrobial susceptibility, all of isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin, neomycin, kanamycin, and cephalothin. Twenty-six isolates were divided into 19 resistant patterns and 6 strains was 8-multi-drug resistance. PFGE of XbaⅠrestriction fragments of S gallinarum isolates was 22 patterns.