Music artificial intelligence: A Case of Google Magenta

신원식(Wonshik Shin),김민철(Mincheol Kim) 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2020 産經論集 Vol.40 No.1

Purpose: Among the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most notable areas, and it is being applied and developed in various ways without any boundary of the field. The application and development of AI is being done in art without exception. The purpose of this study is to promote overall understanding of music artificial intelligence (AI) and propose new creative activities using music AI programs. Research design, data, and methodology: The Google Brain Team developed and released Magenta in 2016. Unlike previous music-related AIs which were unveiled only work results, the Google Brain team released Magenta s open source and manuals, the general public can access to AI music easily. Magenta Studios offers ‘standalone applications,’ and ‘Ableton Live Plugins’. These two configurations are very similar to each other, so it is easy to understand and utilize the Magenta studio by describing the relatively simple structure of standalone applications, followed by the Ableton Live plug-in. Results: This study introduces the current known music AIs and explains the current status so that readers can easily understand the related fields. In addition, by introducing Magenta, a representative music AI program, the general public can easily create music using it. Conclusions: Despite the continued development of music AI, some limitations have been pointed out so far. Nevertheless, we are facing an era when we have to ask again what the reasons, intuition, and creativity that only humans have ever considered to be. However, composer can produce a wider variety of creations by using artificial intelligence to compose. Also, music created by artificial intelligence can create a new field of music existing, not by trying to follow humans, but by pursuing a new world of music that has never existed before - something that humans could not imagine would be more interesting for humans. By introducing such controversial music-related artificial intelligence and introducing the practice of Magenta, the representative of these artificial intelligence, the present study sought to promote the overall understanding of artificial intelligence and propose new creative activities using it.

장애인인권 관련기관 종사자들의 인권에 대한 주관적 인식

배진기(Bae, Jingi),신원식(Shin, Wonshik) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2020 社會科學硏究 Vol.36 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 장애인인권 관련기관 종사자들이 인권을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 인권을 설명하는 34개의 진술문을 가지고 경남지역의 장애인인권 관련기관 종사자 24명에게 Q 분류를 하게 하였다. Q 방법론으로 요인분석을 한 결과 세 가지의 유형이 도출되었다. 유형 1은 ‘보편적 자연권 추구형’으로 인권은 인간으로서 존엄성을 보장받고 어떠한 차별도 없이 보편적으로 누려야 할 권리라고 인식하고, 생명과 신체의 안전을 중요하게 여긴다. 유형 2는 ‘자유주의적 시민권 추구형’으로 인권은 국가나 타인의 간섭으로부터 일정한 생활 영역을 보호 받는 권리로서, 개인의 인격과 이동 · 거주의 자유, 그리고 표현의 자유를 중요하게 여긴다. 유형 3은 ‘선별적 복지권 추구형’으로 인권은 사람이 인간다운 생활을 할 수 있도록 국가에 적극적으로 요구하기보다는 아동의 보호와 가족생활의 권리등 선별적인 지원을 중요시한다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 세 유형의 공통점과 차이점을 논의하였고, 장애인인권 관련기관의 역할과 방향에 대하여 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to grasp the subjective perception of practitioners on the human rights and analyze the characteristics of each types. The result of Q-sort with 34 statements targeting 24 practitioners showed that there were 3 types. Type 1 named ‘the pursuit of universal natural rights’, which perceive human rights as a right to be guaranteed dignity and universal enjoyment without any discrimination. Type 2 is called ‘the pursuit of liberal citizenship’, human rights are the right to protect certain areas of living from the interference of the state or others. They think that personality, freedom of movement and residence, and freedom of expression are very important. Type 3 refer to ‘the pursuit of selective welfare rights,” human rights focus on selective support such as the protection of children and the right to family life, rather than actively demanding people to lead human life. Based on the results of the study, the commonalities and differences of each type were discussed, and the roles and directions of institutions related to human rights of the disabled were presented.

코로나19의 위험이 여성가구주의 일과 삶에 미친 영향과 삶의 질 회복을 위한 정책대안

전현숙 ( Jeon Hyeonsuk ),신원식 ( Shin Wonshik ) 한국사회보장학회 2022 사회보장연구 Vol.38 No.1

At the end of 2019, COVID-19 spread, causing great socioeconomic confusion and difficulties around the world. Korea has also made efforts to overcome COVID-19 by keeping social distancing that restricts or blocks socioeconomic activities. In this study, the effect of COVID-19 on their lives was investigated through interviews with female heads of households and FGI methods of related expert groups. Based on that, the purpose is to propose policies for female householders to overcome COVID-19 and recover their daily lives. As a result of interviews with female householders and expert groups, female householders experienced social disconnection and isolation, employment and economic crisis, psychological anxiety, and conflicts in various relationships, increased labor intensity at home and work, and social prejudice. There was a lack of information on social welfare policies and difficult access. Based on the results, AHP was used to present priorities for social welfare policy projects that help female householders overcome COVID-19 well and restore their daily lives. Looking at the projects that prioritize each area, first, the housing stability support policy is first implemented to restore the income and household economy of female householders. Second, the labor environment improvement project and the job protection policy project take precedence. Third, policy projects to improve emotional support and resilience in the areas of psychological and emotional change, social relationships for female householders and social relations recovery support for individual activities, and social safety nets for female householders. This study is meaningful in suggesting closer results and alternatives to the field by capturing the voices of female household owners.

신규 참여자들의 자활사업에 대한 인식유형에 관한 연구: 자활사업의 전망 및 자활의지를 중심으로

하승범 ( Ha Seungbum ),신원식 ( Shin Wonshik ) 한국사회보장학회 2020 사회보장연구 Vol.36 No.2

This study intends to grasp the perception types of new participants on the self-sufficiency program and to suggest the development of self-sufficiency program for new participants. With 31 statements related to the self-sufficiency program, Q sorting was conducting to 18 new participants. According to Q methodology, there were three types of new participants’ subjective perception. First, participants belonging to the type‘active self-sufficiency orientation’ perceive that self-sufficiency is good job and that participation in self-sufficiency program may help them overcome their difficult situations. They have active attitude on the job and self-sufficiency will. Second, those who belong to the type ‘passive self-sufficiency orientation’ think that participation in self-sufficiency program is inevitable choice. They perceive that self-sufficiency program can’t overcome their current difficult situations Third, the type ‘serene life orientation’ perceives that self-sufficiency program is able to maintain their livelihood and they think that the benefit is not low. But their self-sufficiency will is low. Therefore, this study stresses the necessity of differentiated and diverse self-sufficiency programs suited to the different characteristics of new participants. And it is necessary to continue to provide institutional support to new participants.

자활사업의 방향성: 사회적경제 조직으로의 전환에 대한 핵심 실무자들의 인식 유형

설지원 ( Jiwon Seol ),신원식 ( Wonshik Shin ) 한국사회보장학회 2015 사회보장연구 Vol.31 No.4

This study intends to grasp the perception types of key social workers on the self-sufficiency program turned into social economy organizations and to suggest the orientation of self-sufficiency programs related to social economy. With 37 statements related to the orientation of self-sufficiency programs, Q sorting was conducting to 9 key social workers. According to Q methodology, there were three types of key social workers`` subjective perception: ‘the type of social economical value orientation,’ ‘the type of practical purpose orientation,’ ‘the type of independent organization orientation based on participants.’ The study results implicate that a self-sufficiency program transformed into social economy should mainly be led by participants and that it is necessary to continue to provide social economical education to participants to localize self-sufficiency programs. In other words, it is necessary to perform participant education and come up with a long-term strategy based on reasonable operation of social economy organizations, rather than to achieve such short-term goals of self-sufficiency programs as out-of-poverty through participants’ employment and business start-up.