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배규종(Gyujong Bae),강인용(Inyong Kang),임성광(Sungkwang Lim),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),김주용(Juyong Kim),이찬호(Chanho Lee) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6
This study discusses about research efforts of hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon(e.g., diesel, gasoline, natural gas, and LPG), especially, butane reforming by using Autothermal Reforming Reaction (ATR) technology. Several catalysts were selected for butane ATR. Thermodynamic reactor conditions (temperature, O2/C, S/C) are varied and reforming characteristics of 2 catalysts (Pt and Rh on ceramic supports) and 1 commercial catalyst (FCR-HC35) have been examined. To understand reaction behaviors in an ATR reactor comprehensively, temperature profiles of reactor were observed. By mass transfer limitation, fuel conversion decreases when GHSV was increased. Significant temperature variation along the reactor was observed and it was mainly due reaction kinetics difference between exothermic oxidation and endothermic reforming reaction.
탄화수소 직접 내부개질에 의한 고체산화물 연료전지 운전
배규종(Gyujong Bae),김용민(Yongmin Kim),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5
The power generation characteristics for n-butane internal reforming type SOFC cell were examined with difference SCR as a function of operation time. Relatively stable operation with slight degradation was possible at SCR=2, otherwise significant performance degradation was observed at SCR=1 and 3 due to carbon deposition and Ni oxidation, respectively. The performance degradation by fuel condition, the electrical conductivity tests with rectangular bar (Ni-YSZ cermet) under different fuels such as CH₄, n-butane and H₂ without and with steam (SCR=2) were measured as a function of exposure time. The conductivity value was significantly decreased with small fluctuation when n-butane was supplied with steam. It is considered that the external reforming should be necessary for fuels containing C₂ or higher hydrocarbons.
배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),이동율(Dong-ryul Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
This study discusses about butane autothermal reforming for small scale reactor, especially by using microchannel catalyst. By mass transfer limitation, fuel conversion seriously decreases when GHSV (gas hourly space velocity, /h) increases in a packed bed reactor. In a monolith catalyst reactor, fuel conversion behavior shows dependence on catalyst thickness on the monolith and GHSV. It was mainly attributed to diffusion velocity difference between internal mass transfer and external mass transfer of catalyst particle. Significant performance improvement in metal mesh substrate was obtained compared with a packed bed.
개질가스 조성 변화가 고체산화물 연료전지의 장기성능에 미치는 영향
배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5
This study discusses effects of reformate gas composition on long-term performance of SOFC. In the case of CPOX and ATR reformer driven SOFCs, there were significant deteriorations of terminal voltage due to carbon deposition. The lower order hydrocarbons and CO in reformate are major precursors of carbon formation. The deposited carbon infiltrates into the anode and changes Ni-Ni bonds to Ni-C or C-C bonds. The extent of infiltration of carbon into the Ni-YSZ cermet could be decreased when sufficient steam was supplied into the SOFC anode. To determine the propensity for carbon deposition by CO and lower order hydrocarbons, the ratio of steam to specific carbon in reformate was newly defined (SSCR). When the SSCR values in ATR reformate are maintained at about three, it is possible to have stable operation of the SOFC. This result implies that the SSCR has to be considered an important parameter for stable operation of SOFCs as well as for reforming efficiency or fuel conversion. However, excess value of SSCR results in the decrease of OCV because of dilution of Nernst voltage. Therefore, development of SOFC involving resistance to carbon deposition at low SSCR value is ideal.
배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),배규종(Gyujong Bae) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10
Pressure drop is an important design parameter for any reactor since it represents an energy loss. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of a packed-bed to a structured catalyst using microchannel. In order to analyze effect on catalyst shape, experiments were carried out with two types catalysts, packed-bed and structured catalyst which has spiral shape. When GHSV increases, the reactor using microchannel catalyst has better performance. The cause of performance difference was analysied. With pressure drop, it represents that microchannel catalyst are suitable for reformer operating high throughput, such as compact reformer.
수소 생산을 위한 탄화수소 연료의 개질 특성에 관한 연구
강인용(Inyong Kang),배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
Fuel cell requires hydrogen fuel for high electrochemical performance. Generally hydrogen is produced by reforming process using fossil fuel. In this study, various hydrocarbons were reformed. And commercial fuels such as gasoline, diesel and GTL were also investigated. Paraffin-hydrocarbon fuels were easy to be reformed. Maximum reforming efficiency using C₁?H₃₄ is 83%. But when 30-vol% aromatic-hydrocarbon fuels are added, reforming efficiency falls down to 67%. Commercial diesel has low efficiency due to aromatics included. Most of all, solid carbons on catalyst were observed in diesel reforming by SEM/EDX analysis. Finally paraffins which have long-carbon channel are good candidate fuel in hydrocarbon reforming due to not only high hydrogen density but also low possibility of coke formation. Therefore GTL which has low aromatic components and low sulfur is good commercial fuel to produce hydrogen. This has similar performance to C₁?H₃₄.
윤상호(Sangho Yoon),배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) has a higher fuel flexibility than low temperature fuel cells, such as PEMFC and PAFC, due to its high operation temperatures. Diesel can be a good candidate for SOFC system fuel because diesel has high hydrogen density and well-established infrastructure, despite several problems such as sulfur poisoning of catalyst and carbon deposition. In this paper, we use microchannel catalyst for diesel autothermal reforming (ATR) and will compare characteristics of reforming performances between packed-bed and microchannel catalyst(monolith-type, mesh-type). We also investigate mesh-typed microchannel catalyst for ㎾e SOFC system.
고체산화물 연료전지 시스템을 위한 kW급 마이크로채널 촉매 디젤 자열 개질기
윤상호(Sangho Yoon),강인용(Inyong Kang),배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2008 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.32 No.7
Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) has a higher fuel flexibility than low temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell(PEMFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC). SOFCs also use CO and CH₄ as a fuel, because SOFCs are hot enough to allow the CH₄ steam reformation(SR) reaction and water-gas shift(WGS) reaction occur within the SOFC stack itself. Diesel is a good candidate for SOFC system fuel because diesel reformate gas include a higher degree of CO and CH₄ concentration than other hydrocarbon(methane, butane, etc.) reformate gas. Selection of catalyst for autothermalr reforming of diesel was performed in this paper, and characteristics of reforming performance between packed-bed and microchannel catalyst are compared for SOFC system. The mesh-typed microchannel catalyst also investigated for diesel ATR operation for 1㎾-class SOFC system. 1㎾-class diesel microchannel ATR was continuously operated about 30 hours and its reforming efficiency was achieved nearly 55%.
효율적 수소생산을 위한 디젤개질기의 시동 및 운전 기법에 관한 연구
강인용(Inyong Kang),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae),임성광(Sungkwang Lim),홍종성(Jongsung Hong),이신구(Shinku Lee),배규종(Gyujong Bae) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6
Reformer requires low energy to reach steady state, and minimal start-up time to avoid solid carbon formation during operation. As known, diesel autothermal reforming(ATR) is started by lighting off fuel and air mixture. The mixing ratio is dominating factor which governs startup time and quantity(or degree) of carbon deposition during oxidation reaction. Once reaction temperature is reached, it is controlled by mixing ratio of reactants such as fuel, air and water by the nature of fast reaction control as well as simple system packaging. In this paper, we report the manipulation effect of each reformer operation parameters such as GHSV(gas hourly space velocity), H₂O/C(steam to carbon ratio) and O₂/C(oxygen to carbon ratio). We find the O₂/C ratio seem to be dominant to control ATR reaction. But the ATR reaction was so sensitive that manipulation of O₂/C ratio was lead to severe carbon formation due to large variation of temperature.
부탄 개질기 운전조건에 따른 SOFC 시스템 효율에 대한 연구
김선영(Sunyoung Kim),백승환(Seungwhan Baek),배규종(Gyujong Bae),배중면(Joongmyeon Bae) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.34 No.4
본 연구에서는 부탄 개질기 운전조건에 따른 SOFC 시스템 효율을 모델링을 통해 분석하였다. SOFC 시스템은 크게 개질기, SOFC, 폐열 회수 장치로 구성하였다. 탄화수소 개질 반응으로 선택한 수증기 개질 반응은 흡열반응인 데에 반해 SOFC 에서 일어나는 전기화학반응은 발열반응이다. 따라서 시스템의 열관리 방법에 따라 효율이 크게 달라진다. 세부적으로 수증기 개질 반응은 운전 온도에 따라 수증기 개질 반응과 예개질 반응으로 분류되는데, 해석 결과 예개질 반응을 적용한 SOFC 시스템의 경우 더 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 시스템의 효율은 SOFC 온도 유지를 위한 열량과 온수로 회수되는 열량에 따라 달라지는데, 예개질 반응을 적용할 경우, 열관리가 더욱 효율적이어서 높은 효율을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. In this study, the efficiency of a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with a steam reformer or prereformer was analyzed under various conditions. The main components of the system are the reformer, SOFC, and water boiling heat recovery system. Endothermic and exothermic reactions occur in the reformer and SOFC, respectively. Hence, the thermal management of the SOFC system greatly influences the SOFC system efficiency. First, the efficiencies of SOFC systems with a steam reformer and a prereformer are compared. The system with the prereformer was more efficient than the one with steam reformer due to less heat loss. Second, the system efficiencies under various prereformer operating conditions were analyzed. The system efficiency was a function of the heat requirement of the system. The efficiency increased with an increase in the operating temperature of the prereformer, and the maximum system efficiency was observed at 450°C for a S/C of 2.0.