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결핵의 재구성 - 질병분류의 정치와 식민지 조선 한의학의 정체성
박승만 ( Park Seung-mann ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2017 연세의사학 Vol.20 No.2
This article examines the identity of Korean traditional medicine under the influence of western medicine in Colonial Korea by investigating conceptual reconstruction of tuberculosis. Western medicine and Korean traditional medicine, which faced each other in the time and space of modern Korea, constructed new identities through each other. This process was initially directed against Korean traditional medicine. It was because the Japanese Government-General of Korea imposed the learning of western medicine upon traditional practitioners. Korean traditional medicine, devoted to study western medicine while preserving its own theory and practice in the 1910s and 1920s, later established a new identity through the debate on the revival of Korean traditional medicine in 1934. The existing studies have explained that after the debate, Korean traditional medicine regained self-confidence and returned to its original appearances or placed itself at a level equal to or surpassing western medicine. They successfully explain the changing status of Korean traditional medicine. Meanwhile, they also show the limitation of assuming it as a fixed subject. In their descriptions, Korean traditional medicine only adjusted its attitude toward western medicine while keeping its knowledge system intact. However, the re-drawn Korean traditional medicine was a new kind of thing, far from the traditional or western medicine. In the 1930s, Korean traditional medicine produced hybrid theory, a compound of the traditional and the western. In this paper, it is claimed that the internalization of western medicine, which is symbolized by germ theory, had a great influence on the identity of Korean traditional medicine. The disease classification of western medicine, which Korean traditional medicine learned and practiced for the preparation of the examination or the sale of western drugs, changed the epistemological frame, and the change in the frame of perception was reflected in the identity of Korean traditional medicine. That explains why newly constructed Korean traditional medicine used the language of germ theory. For traditional practitioners, western medicine was ‘what I have to know’ and ‘what I want to learn,’ but it was also ‘what I got used to involuntarily’ as the system of knowledge was reconstructed.
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일제강점기 가톨릭 교회의 지면을 통한 의료 계몽 활동: 『경향잡지』와 『가톨릭청년』을 중심으로
박승만 ( Park Seung-mann ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2020 연세의사학 Vol.23 No.2
This research note examines the development and meaning of the Catholic Church’s medical enlightenment activities in the Japanese colonial period. Before and after the turn of the 20th century, enlightenment activities to spread new information became active in Korea, resulting from the country’s incorporation into the world order. Not only the political system, but also everyday life was no longer the same, and media such as magazines and newspapers became popular means of informing on and knowing the new world. The Catholic Church was one actor that took the lead in spreading new cultures to colonial Korea by publishing magazines and newspapers such as the Kyeong Hyang Shinmun, Kyeong Hyang Magazine, and Catholic Youth. The circulation of medical information and paper consultations were at the center of the Catholic Church’s activities. It provided medical information, such as the concept and treatment of diseases, while also conducting medical consultations that “listened” to individuals’ symptoms and gave prescriptions accordingly. This series of activities was largely divided into four stages. First, folk remedies were considered part of the information necessary for everyday life through the “Various Problems” section of Kyeong Hyang Magazine. Next, the basics of medicine were covered as part of the knowledge on Western natural sciences in the magazine’s “Science” section. Then, Kyeong Hyang Magazine published the “Sanitation” section, which exclusively addressed medicine, in a series, and finally, Catholic Youth conveyed the basics of Western medicine while conducting paper consultations. The Catholic Church’s medical enlightenment was the result of the overlapping interests of the Catholic Church, the general Korean public, and the Japanese Government-General, colonial Korea’s three main agents of producing, consuming, and managing new information. First, the Church’s medical enlightenment distributed the knowledge that the general public “wanted to know.” In colonial Korea, medical personnel were scarce, so magazines and newspapers were useful windows to obtaining medical information and consulting on the physical condition of the body. The Church also presented the knowledge that it itself “wanted to inform”. Small dispensaries could not meet the medical needs of many, so mass media was a promising alternative. Lastly, the Catholic Church delivered knowledge “permitted” by the Japanese Government-General, as the dissemination of medical information did not threaten the legitimacy of colonial rule and helped develop colonial Korea. From the position of the Governor-General, the Catholic Church’s medical enlightenment activities were thus recommendable.
KCI
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