수식에서 연령대별 선호도 연구

박순혁,박동재,Park Soonhyuck,Mark D. Park 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2015 인문사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.2

언어는 일상에서 중요하고 복잡한 일생의 능력이다. 언어가 노화의 제약을 받는 만큼 인지노화가 언어에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위한 많은 노력이 있었다, 그러나 대부분의 연구는 일시적 기간과 제한적 대상에 국한되어 있으며 기억력에 의존하는 어휘추출과 음성발화를 중심으로 진행된 반면에 그 상위의 언어단위 정보처리에 해당하는 통사 및 의미정보 처리에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 특정 문형에 나타나는 수식의 선호도를 연령대별로 실험하여 노화가 통사(어순)영역과 의미(수식)영역에 어떠한 변화를 유발하는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 의미단 위의 정보처리 변화는 전반적인 인지노화의 심화에도 불구하고, 통사단위의 그것보다 비교적 늦게까지 유지된다는 증거를 제시한다. 이러한 결과는 인지노화와 관련되는 언어영역별 노화가 순차적이고 각기 다른 방식으로 전개된다는 것을 의미하며, 더 나아가 고령의 성인에게 나타나는 언어정보 처리에서 신경조직 연결망의 보상 활성화 현상에 관한 최근연구들과도 일치함을 밝힌다. Language is a crucial and complex lifelong capacity that is constrained by cognitive aging. Aging is thus regarded to be associated with poor performance particularly in the receptive and expressive language abilities. There are, however, some recent proposals that normal aging impairs specific aspects of language production, while most comprehension abilities remain stable as we age. This paper investigates how cognitive aging affects language performance, focusing on syntactic and semantic processing. Based on the experiments of structure choice and modification, it finds that the semantic processing is rather preserved longer with age than the syntactic processing. This finding is consistent with and supported by the recent research on the stronger neural connectivity to linguistic demands with older adults.

국어와 영어에서 수-자질의 (비)해석성과 원거리 결속 습득 (11권 1호)

박순혁 ( Soon Hyuck Park ) 국제비교한국학회 2003 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.11 No.1

This paper explores the reflexive binding and its acquisition, focusing particularly on the long-distance anaphoric relations in Korean and English. By doing so, we assume basically that the number-feature of Korean nominals can be uninterpretable, such that it activates the reflexive pronoun to participate in the operation of Agree with the subject in the higher clause, yielding long-distance binding relations, whereas that of English is interpretable which is always subject to local binding. This analysis is supported by the evidence that in Korean, the concepts of many and much are not distinguishable, and the plural suffix marker -tul is easily deleted, which is well accounted for by Chomsky(2000) and Lasnik(2001) in the sense that the uninterpretable feature are erased by Agree in the narrow syntax or by simply deleting it in the PF interface. It has been argued that the possibility of long-distance binding relies on the precise value of number feature which is contained in the reflexive pronoun. The errors that are made by L2 learners are thus attributed to the assumption that they fail to recognize the value of number feature of the target language. If this is on the right track, then the next task concerning the reflexive binding is to pursue the approach where L2 learners are not only exposed to the facts observed in binding relations, but guided to understand the overall values of nominals in the target languages, including person, number, and gender.

언어 보편성과 중국어 bei 수동문

박순혁(Park, Soon-Hyuck) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2020 No.07

One typical instance of language universals is the passive construction in languages, which has long been discussed on whether there exists its universal pattern or structure or every language has its own unique set of the passive voice. Chandra and Sahoo (2010) abandon the idea of construction particularism, relying on the underlying similarities of the passive construction of several asian languages. Mahajan (1994) claims that the Hindi passives behave differently in that they neither demote the subject into the prepositional phrase nor promote the object to the subject position. Chinese is one of the languages that need to clarify the structure of the passive voice for the justification of language universals. This research classifies the passive voice in languages into 4 types, and identifies the core properties common to all 4 types. Pointing out the problems of the previous analyses of the bei passive construction in Chinese, this research proposes an alternative by treating the complement of bei as a relative construction, where the agent of the event remains inside the adjunct clause. What this research achieves are that both the long and short forms of the passive construction in Chinese are analyzed in a unified formal way and the Chinese passive can be considered another type of the passive voice in the sense of language universals.

어순에 대한 범언어적 변이 연구

박순혁(Park, Soonhyuck) 새한영어영문학회 2012 새한영어영문학 Vol.54 No.2

Head noun animacy has been assumed to have an effect on relative clause structure choices in languages regardless of their basic word order. Speakers of English (SVO) and Japanese (SOV) produce almost exclusively passive relative clauses with animate head nouns. A closer investigation of the animacy effect, however, shows that the production choice between the active and the passive sentence significantly varies, depending on the predicate type in the utterance. In Korean, for example, the portion of passive relative clauses with animate head nouns ranges from 13.0% (입다 "wear") to 80.4% (체포하다 "arrest"). One possible hypothesis of this difference is that the preference in the production choice can be accounted for in terms of statistical learning, such that the frequency of the given predicate can have an effect on comprehension as well as production in language processing. To show this, this research conducted two experiments that are designed to measure the online response time in comprehension and to investigate the preference in production choice. Based on the PDC approach, this paper claims that animacy does not have the same effect on all speakers; the structure choice is relative claises with the animate head noun depends on the statistical learning in the sense that the frequency of a certain form of the predicate plays a role in determing the production choice.

인지노화와 언어:

박순혁(Soon hyuck Park) 현대문법학회 2015 현대문법연구 Vol.83 No.-

Language is a crucial and complex lifelong capacity that is constrained by cognitive aging. Aging is thus regarded to be associated with poor performance particularly in the receptive and expressive language abilities. There are, however, some recent proposals that normal aging impairs specific aspects of language production, while most comprehension abilities remain stable as we age. This paper investigates how cognitive aging affects language performance, focusing on syntactic and semantic processing. Based on the experiments of structure choice and modification, it finds that both the syntactic and semantic systems remain largely stable across the life span and the semantic processing is rather preserved longer with age than the syntactic processing. This finding is consistent with the recent research on the compensatory neural recruitment as we age.

QR에 대한 재고찰

박순혁(Soonhyuck Park) 한국영미어문학회 2011 영미어문학 Vol.- No.101

In mid 1990s, Hornstein challenged the traditional view of QR as a type of A’-movement, arguing that it should be treated as a type of A-movement. Since then, a number of counter-arguments have been reported and its debate is still on in the literature. This study aims at formulating QR from a different angle, such that it examines and compares QR with other types of movements, including the A/A’-movement and LF raising in regard to the coordination structures constraint(CSC) and ATB effects. What we found is that QR is more likely to be similar to A-movement in that both QR and A-movement employs the resumptive pronoun strategy to obviate the CSC, whereas A’-movement obviates the ATB movement strategy. Even though this finding does not necessarily mean that QR is a type of A-movement, it at least differs from standard A’-movement. The patterning together of QR and A-movement poses an interesting issue and remains to be ascertained.

컴퓨터 통신에서의 영어활용에 대한 어학적 연구

박순혁(Park Soon-Hyuck) 새한영어영문학회 2001 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.

Our society has been trans fanned by a series of dramatic innovations in information technology. But unlike the electronic media that have preceded it, the Internet has become a true mass medium and is creating new forms of education. The purpose of this paper is to explore the college/university and continuing education based on the internet as a new medium, and to discuss some of the dilemmas and Questions online educators face in relation to English language learning, including web page design, encouraging group interaction. and changing role of institutions in supporting online instruction. The continuous growth means that a large proportion of Internet users are novices. This requires that basic personal computer skills be prerequisite to the effective educational uses of the Internet. It is also suggested that the internet users be familiar with the English language used largely in e-mail and chatting. Learning a language on the internet is one of the most important and exciting trends in the field of education, although many important things remain unsolved.

녹색 금융 도입을 통한 국내 건설시장 활성화

박순혁(Park Soonhyeok),김상범(Kim Sang Bum) 대한토목학회 2010 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.10

비국부적 일치와 결속

박순혁(Park Soon-Hyuck) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2007 인문사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.2

  언어에는 본유의 해석 대상을 갖지 못하고 대신 선행사에 의존하는 표현들이 있다. 그 중에서 가장 관심을 끄는 것이 재귀대명사인데, 그 이유는 몇몇 언어에서 단순 형태 재귀대명사의 경우 그 선행사의 영역이 다른 언어에 비해 상대적으로 넓기 때문이다. 일반적으로, 대명사와는 달리 재귀대명사는 선행사를 가까운 곳에서 찾도록 요구받는 표현임에도 불구하고, 명사구 혹은 절의 경계를 넘어서까지 결속이 가능하다. 이러한 소위 원거리 결속 현상을 설명하기 위하여 많은 제안들이 제시되었고, 이 가운데 소위 논리형태(LF)에서의  이동 분석이 많은 논의의 대상이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 논리형태상의 이동 분석을 Chomsky(2001, 2006)의 일치(AGREE)운용 및 국면(PHase)이론으로 재조명한다. 즉 한국어 재귀대명사는 명사류의 자질들 중 성(gender)과 인칭(person)에서 값(value)을 가지지 않기 때문에, 선행사와의 일치운용으로 그 값을 받게 되며, 그 과정에서 결속이 일어남을 제안한다. 특히 Bresnan and Kanerva(1989), Goodall(1993), Park(2004) 및 Bo?kovi?(2006)의 주장을 받아들여, 일치가 EPP, 즉 이동(MOVE)운용과는 별도로 적용될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 국면의 경계를 넘어서도 가능하고, 재귀대명사의 원거리 결속이 국면을 넘어서 일어날 수 있는 일치운용의 결과임을 제안한다. 한국어의 경우는 주어- 및 목적어-지향이 모두 가능한데, 이것을 같은 국면에서는 결손자질방해효과가 나타나지 않기 때문이라는 Chomsky(2007)의 제안으로 설명한다.   The concept of locality has been employed in Binding Theory to restrict the domain where an anaphoric dependency is satisfied. Since Lebeaux (1983), however, the domain has been assumed to be able to expand as the anaphor moves at LF, The long-distance anaphor thus are move placed close enough to its antecedent within the new enlarged domain at LF. "This locality is somewhat loosely defined in thar an anaphor is only required to be in the c-commanding domain of its antecedent. "This paper gives some restriction on locality in an attempt to attribute binding to AGREE. Given that the monomorphemic reflexive lacks gender and person features, it needs a probe to be valued under Saturation Theory. By doing so, I basically dispense with the binding domain which is required in the definition of Principle A, and relax it to the extend that binding is subsumed by AGREE. Since AGREE can take place across the phase (no PIC), the reflexive can be bound by either the subject in the [spec, T] and the object, both of which are in the phase vP. Long distance binding does not always require the reflexive to undergo MOVE. It does, only when there is an overt matix object which triggers a defective intervention effect. The N-feature of C serves as a probe to activate the reflexive to be in the edge of CP, where it is now subject to AGREE with the subject.

통사적 복잡성 가설의 반례

박순혁(Soonhyuck Park) 한국영미어문학회 2007 영미어문학 Vol.- No.85

  The role of syntax is to expand utterances by combining them via recursive mechanisms or to shorten outputs by deleting redundant elements. But, if our goal is to be understood, we should use the simplest syntactic arrangement possible, keeping our utterances easy and short. It might be that the more we elaborate on a sentence, the longer and more complicated it gets. When this happens, the more there is for us to hold in short-term memory, such that more complexity is meant to incur greater comprehensibility. Interestingly, however, a wider variety of structures under test show that there is no simple correlation between syntactic complexity and parsing difficulty. In this paper, we examine two syntactic processes, VP deletion and scrambling, to see how one is related to the other in parsing. Given the syntactic complexity hypothesis, it is expected that the reading time will be the longest when a sentence implemented both processes. Our experiment, however, shows that the reading time declines sharply when scrambling is added to VP deletion. This indicates that parsing is not directly related to the degree of complexity, but possibly to the types of transformations involved. It further implies that to make a sentence syntactically more complex can be a way of having economy satisfied when we relax the notion of economy to performance.