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두효우,김호 국립부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2024 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.8 No.1
Carbon tariffs are a global debate with legal and structural shortcomings that need addressing. The European Union’s shift in its carbon border adjustment mechanism in October 2023 is likely to increase global awareness and acceptance of carbon tariffs. While they can aid the shift to a low-carbon economy, they may also cause conflicts between international trade and the environment, impacting clean energy innovation, industrial upgrades, and multilateral trade system stability. This paper analyzes the theory of carbon tariffs, the EU’s CBAM system, and associated risks. It proposes strategies for China to respond: 1) Balance economic and greenhouse gas challenges, negotiate with the EU, and collaborate for a fair carbon tariff system. 2) Actively cooperate on carbon tariffs, engage in multilateral negotiations, considering both advanced and developing countries. 3) Protect legal rights through necessary WTO measures against discriminatory issues. 4) Enhance China’s domestic carbon pricing. 5) Supplement the green tax policy. 6) Lastly, promote technological innovation and clean energy investments for carbon reduction, establish a legal basis for the “Paris Agreement,” and aim for carbon peaking by 2030 and neutrality by 2060 through effective policies and measures.