평면구성과 입면형태에 의한 경로당의 유형화에 관한 연구

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),김수인(Soo In Kim) 한국노년학회 1993 한국노년학 Vol.13 No.2

This study classifies Gyung-Ro-Dang in terms of its space organization and facade, investigates empirically the modes of space utilization, draws out an efficient leisure behavior and development, and then attempts to suggest the findings as the guideline for the welfare facilities planning for the aged. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The Gyung-Ro-Dang can be classified into two categories. LT (Lesiure Room and Toilet) as the unit plan and LTK-type (Leisure Room, Toilet, and Kitchen) as the unit plan. 2) It can be also classified into two categories, depending on the function : Independent Type set up solely for Gyung-Ro-Dang and Multifunctional Type along with other functions. 3) It can be divided into three types, depending on the sexual orientation : one for men ; one for women, and mixed one. 4) It can be classified into four types, depending on the subject of finance and management : lease, run by the management, run by the community, and independent one. 본 연구에서는 약 30여년간 이용자의 요구와 시대의 조류에 따라 열악한 환경과 조건 속에서 설립, 운영되어 오면서 도시노인의 유일한 여가시설로 정착되어 온 여러형태의 경로당의 평면구성과 입면형태를 대상으로 이들의 공통적 특징을 파악, 분석하여 경로당의 전체적인 경향을 명확히 파악하고 유형화 하고자 하였다. 연구결과 경로당의 평면형은 'LT형'과 'LTK형'으로 분류할 수 있고, 기능 형태적으로는 경로당으로만 사용되고 있는 '독립형'과 타 기능과 겸용으로 사용되는 '복합형'으로 분류할 수 있고, 입면형태에 '주택형', 경로당형', '일반 건물형'으로 분류할 수 있다. 한편, 이용형태에 따라' 남성(전용)경로당'과 '여성(전용)경로당', 동일 여가실 이용 혹은 여가실 분리 형태로서의 '공용 경로당'으로 분류되기도 한다. 이중 '공용 경로당'은 홀, 마루, 복도 등으로 여가실이 분리되어 독립성이 강한 여가공간을 형성하면서 기타 제실은 공용으로 사용하게 되어 운영, 관리상으로 효율적인 평면형임을 알 수 있다.

수직점프운동에서 근수축의 형태와 Pre-Stretch 각도의 효과

김창국(Chang Kook Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This study investigated whether the concentric muscle action is enhanced by a preceding eccentric muscle action in a stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) and the pre-stretch angle condition can have an effect on jump height during vertical jumping. Twelve subjects randomly performed maximum vertical jump with a countermovement jump(CMJ) and a squat jump(SJ) at different knee angles(30° <60° <90°). Kistler force platform, a Lafayette EMG system and a video motion analysis system synchronized by timing device were used to record(200Hz) the vertical jumping motion. The video film was digitized and kinematic variables were calculated. The integrated EMG activities from gastrocnemius and rectus femoris were collected and normalized with a maximum voluntary contraction. The ground reaction force was normalized to the body weight(BW) The results showed that CMJ with preceding eccentric action led to greater jump height than SJ under 60° and 90° conditions(not 30°). The jump hight was increased as the pre-stretch angles(30° <60° <90°) increased. The maximum VGRF and EI showed no difference between CMJ and SJ, however EI was increased as the pre-strecth angles increased. The IEMG activity was higher during the positive work phase in the stretch-shortening cycle(CMG) than in the pure concentric action(SJ), and this IEMG was increased as the pre-stretch angles increased(30°~ 90 ° ). These results indicated that a greater jump height can be achieved in CMJ than in SJ, however a countermovement does not always induce the stretch- shortening cycle if the range of motion is short and does not allow a sufficient stretching.

손가락의 근력발휘와 조정능력 발달

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),이대연(Dae Youn Lee),이영철(Young Chul Lee),Jae Kun Shim,Jun Feng Huang 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The aim of this study was to investigate the age-related changes of MVF (maximal voluntary contraction force) and finger interaction indices such as finger force enslaving (FE: force production by unintended fingers during force production by task finger), force deficit (FD: force difference between single finger MVF and the force of the same finger in four- finger task), and force sharing (FS: percent contributions of individual finger forces to the total force in four- finger task). Children(n=25, 6-11 years) and young adults(n=8, 20-23 years) participated as subjects in this study. The subjects performed single-finger and four-finger maximal voluntary contraction tasks. During the tasks, the subjects inserted the distal phalanges of the right hand into thimbles affixed to small force sensors with 20° of flexion about the metacarpophalangeal joint and pressed the sensor(s) to produce their maximum isometric force. The results revealed that: 1) MVF increased with age, the steep of increasing slope(N/year) from regression analysis was greatest at four-finger task, then index & middle finger, ring, and little finger task in that order. 2) FE showed the tendency of decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference across age groups. 3) FD revealed the tendency of decrease at all finger tasks with age, however, index finger only showed significant decrease with age. 4) FS was different across task fingers(M > I > R > L). FS pattern of individual finger was very similar across all age groups. We conclude that the finger strength increases with age, however, finger interaction indices(FE and FD) show the tendency of decrease with age from 6 to 23 years. The sharing pattern of fingers appears to develop before 6 years of age.

언더핸드 드로잉 동작시 발생하는 분절간의 각운동량 전이

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),신동민(Dong Min Shin) 한국사회체육학회 1995 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 언더핸드 드로잉 동작시 발생하는 분절간의 각운동량 전이가 어떠한 형태로 나타나는 가를 알아보기 위한 것이다.영상 분석을 위해 한대의 로캄 카메라를 사용하여 기계학적 팔과 인체 팔의 언더핸드 드로잉 동작을 측면에서 촬영하였으며, 이때 필름의 속도는 200 프레임/초 였다. 기계학적 팔(인체의 팔과 같이 목재로 만든 두 분절로 된 팔)은 언더핸드 드로잉 동작에 대한 모의 실험을 위해 삼각대에 고정시킨 후 수평 상태에서 아래로 떨어 뜨렸다. 모의 실험을 위한 기계학적 팔은 다음과 갈은 두 가지 조건하에서 실시되었다. 1) 블록을 사용하지 않은 조건, 2) 팔이 수직 상태로 떨어질 때 상완 부분이 고무 밴드에 의하여 차단되어지는 조건. 인체 팔의 실험을 위해서는 3명의 남자 대학생 투수가 동원되어졌다. 드로잉을 하는 동안의 근육 활동 형태를 알아보기 위하여 4 개의 팔 근육(전삼각근, 후삼각근, 상완 이두근, 상완 삼두근)에 표면 전극을 부착시킨 후, 컴퓨터 프로그램에 의하여 통제되어지는 LAFAYETTE 근전도 시스템윽 이용하여 IEMG(integrated electromyogram)를 도출하였다. 이때 샘플링 레이트는 250 Hz 로 하였다.기계학적 팔로부터 도출된 결과는 블록을 사용하지 않은 조건에서 전완의 최대각속도가 33.9 라디안/초 였으나, 상완에 블록이 부착된 조건에서는 38.6 라디안/초로 증가되었다. 그러나 상완의 각속도는 블록이 없는 조건에서는 27.1 라디안/초 였으나, 블록이 부착된 조건하에서는 24.8 라디안/초로 감소되어졌다. 인체 팔의 경우는 상완의 각속도가 볼의 릴리스 시점에서 36.3 라디안/초로 감소되어지는 동안에 전완의 각속도는 61.5 라디안/초로 증가되어졌다. 한편, 인체 팔의 근전도 활동 형태에서 언더핸드 드로잉을 하는 동안 삼각근이 상완 이두근보다 먼저(약 150 ms) 활성화되어졌다.운동학적 데이터와 진 활동에 대한 자료를 근거로 한 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 언더핸드 드로잉시 각운동량은 상완에서부터 전완으로 전이되어진다. 이 운동량의 전이는 근위 분절의 속도 감소에 따른 결과로써 발생되어진다.

수영선수의 영법별 근기능에 관한 연구

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),현광석(Gwang Suck Hyun) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.17 No.-

This study was investigate of muscle function about each swimming style in swimmer. 24 female subjects participating in this study were high school, university player(6 free style, 6 butterfly, 6 back stroke, 6 breast stroke). After analysis of muscle function, the following finding were obtained. 1) The shoulder flexor about the swimming style in muscular strength, power found the most butterfly group, and the free style player group in muscular endurance. 2) The shoulder extensor in muscular strength, power, muscular endurance found the most all back stroke player group. 3) The trunk flexor and extensor in power found the most butterfly group. Swimming training was accepted by the increase muscle function reflected by injury for swimmer.

호주의 노인간호 집합주거시설 환경에 관한 연구

김창국(Kim.chang kook),길종원(Kil.Jong Won) 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

This research investigates the social environment, public welfare and related facilities in Australia, particularly in terms of environment of congregated residential facilities. It looks at the popularity ratio versus facility figures of regional configurations and functional special situations versus entire facilities. These were analysed and the results are as follows. The research reveals that<br/> - Nursing functionaries in nursing homes; these consist of 93.4% therapists and 91.0% for pain-restraining nurse care<br/> utmostly in each facility and In the case of hostels, 77.8% are therapists<br/> - It is shown that, in terms of special functionaries, in the case of nursing homes, there 87.7% provide space for<br/> diversional treatment management systems utmostly and in the case of hostels, 88.9% for temporary recuperation.<br/> - Concerning the availability of public transport, most reliance is on public bus, on train 48.0%, and on tram 29.5%.<br/> <br/>

책가방의 휴대방식에 따른 보행 주기와 자세의 변화에 대한 운동학적 분석

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),신동민(Dong Min Shin) 한국사회체육학회 1995 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the kinematic characteristics of book bag weight. on gait cycle and posture of adolescent youths 11-13 years of age. This study consisted of a two phase approach. In phase I, 61 students (11 -13 yrs) who transport their school materials in some type of book bag had their descriptive characteristics(age, height, weight.), anthropometric measures(shoulder width, arm length), and book bag weight determined. Additionally, students were asked to respond to questions on bag carriage and associated physical symptoms. In the second phase of this investigation, 10 students who best represented the group mean from a combined ranked score of height, arm length, and shoulder width were recruited for kinematic film analysis. Subjects participated in four trials: without bag(WO), one strap backpack (1BP), two strap backpack(2BP), and one strap athletic bag(ATH). Static standing and dynamic walking during one stride length at a self determined pace were analyzed from front and side views with a Panasonic 450 video camera(60 Hz). In the static standing condition, kinematic film analysis provided measures of shoulder angle and spinal angle in the frontal plane. In the dynamic walking condition, measures of stride length, stride frequency, head angle, trunk angle, head range, and trunk range were determined from digitized data. The effects of the trials (WO, 1BP, 2BP, andATH) were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA with the level of significance set at p<0.05. When significance was observed, a Tukey Post Hoc Test identified the specific mean trial differences. The results were summarized as follows: 1. A survey of 61 adolescent youths(11-13 yrs) provided that the backpack was most popular (91.9%) in carrying school materials and Backpacks were often carried(73.2 %) with only one strap. A majority of the students(65.5 %) described their book bags as heavy, medium(29.5%), and light weight(5.0%). The most commonly reported physical symptom was muscle soreness (67.2%), followed by back pain(50.8 %), numbness(24.5 %), and shoulder pain(14.7 %). 2. One strap bag carriage (1BP, ATH) caused a right shoulder elevation and a leftward curvature of the spine away from the weight of the book bag(p<.05). 3. The load of the book bags resulted in a decrease in stride length and an increase in stride frequency(p<.05). 4. A significantly greater forward lean was found during the backpack trials(1BP, 2BP). The backpack trials also restricted the angular range of motion when compared to WO or ATH (p<.05 ). 5. The head was tilted forward in all trials. This forward tilt was significantly greater for the trials in which only one bag strap was used(1BP, ATH). However, in the ATH trial the angular range of motion was more pronounced than during any other trial(p<.05).

점프 수행능력 증대 훈련방법으로서의 드롭 점프의 운동역학적 특성

김창국(Kim, Chang-Kook),이영철(Lee, Young-Chul),최가람(Choi, Ga-Ram),박성진(Park, Sung-Jin),손유남(Son, You-Nam),오진석(Oh, Jin-Suk) 한국사회체육학회 2017 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.70

The drop jump is a popular form of plyometric exercise often udnertaken to enhance jump height. Despite its popularity why the drop jump is superior as a training method for jumping ability than other jump styles? That is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare among the jumping styles; countermovement jump, drop jump, squat jump, and then to identify which one is more effective training method at aspect of overload and specificity. Motion and force data were recorded for each performance and used to compute kinematic and kinetic variables, including jump height, hip, knee and ankle angles, resultant joint force, resultant joint power, maximum GRF and a number of temporal variables. Teh average of 8 trials(n=8) for each jump styles(countermovement jump, drop jump, squat jump) was used in a series of repeated measures ANOVA. We conclude that the countermovement jump may be more effectiv ethan the drop jump and the squat jump at jump performance, that the drop jump may be more effectiveh tan the countermovement jump and the squat jump at aspect of overload for enhancing the peak propulsion during upward phase, and that the drop jump has a greater training exercise specificity to performance a quick jump performance than the others.

무릎 신전근 피로 수준이 외발 드롭 착지 시 무릎 관절 안정성에 미치는 영향

김창국(Chang-Kook Kim),서현(Hyun Seo),최가람(Ga-Ram Choi) 한국발육발달학회 2023 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.31 No.1

성인 편마비 환자의 자세동요 특성에 관한 운동학적 분석

김창국(Chang Kook Kim),이대연(Dae Yeon Lee),윤완영(Wan Young Yoon),이성기(Sung Ki Lee),조철훈(Chul Hun Cho),이형수(Hyung Soo Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2004 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.21

Balance recovery for a hemiplegic patients is essential for rehabilitation as well as reinstate a daily life. The purpose of this study was to provide the data about factors affected static postural ability through analysis of hemiplegic patient`s postural sway. Subjects who were divided hemiplegia group from normal is each 10 person(male)aged 50~59years. Sway area, Sway path, Max velocity was measured by the BPM(Balance Performance Monitor). Significance of collected data was verified by using the independent t-test. Alpha level of .05 was used as the criteria for significance. The results of this study are below. 1. The collecting data from sway area revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05). 2. The collecting data from sway path revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05). 3. The collecting data from max velocity revealed that normal group were significantly less than hemiplegia(p<.05).