한국의 카보타지를 위한 선원양성에 관한 연구

김성국,Kim, Sung-Kuk 해양환경안전학회 2015 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.21 No.6

무역장벽의 일종인 카보타지는 자국내 내항해운업을 보호하여 왔다. 자국에서 건조한 선박으로 자국 선원이 승선하여 자국의 화물을 운송한다는 카보타지를 운영한 미국은 조선산업과 해운 연관산업이 유지되어 왔다. 그리고 대부분의 국가는 경제적 이유와 유사시 대처라는 이유 때문에 자국적 선박을 통해 저탄소 운송인 내항해운을 담당하는 카보타지를 운영하고 있다. 카보타지를 유지하기 위해서는 선원의 안정적인 공급이 필요하다. 선원의 안정적인 공급은 선원양성 교육기관의 안정적인 운영에 달려있기 때문에 법률적인 검토가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 내항해운의 안정적 선원공급을 통한 카보타지 확립에 관련하여 우리나라 내항해운의 문제점과 선원 실태를 분석하였다. 분석결과 미국과 같은 선원양성에 관련한 법률을 제정하거나 정비할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. The cabotage rule has been protecting the domestic industry from foreign competitions as a kind of trade barrier. In the United States, the shipbuilding industry has been maintained with the help of to the strict cabotage operations by reinforcing advantages for domestic crews and ships which are built in the U.S. For most countries, cabotage has been granted legitimacy in their coastal shipping by Low Carbon Transport in terms of economic and emergency reasons. The cabotage rule is required in the stable supply of the seafarers which rely on the legitimate maritime education. This study analyzes Korean cabotage system and the problems with regard to seafarers education. It is found that the resolution is set up the cabotage act such as Jones Act, U.S.

LNG 선박 주기용 ME 및 ME-GI 디젤 엔진

김성국,Kim Sung-Kuk 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.6

철 광물에 의한 헥사클로에탄의 환원적 분해: 반응 속도 연구

김성국,박상원,Kim, Sung-Kuk,Park, Sang-Won 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004 지하수토양환경 Vol.9 No.2

수용액상에서 철광물질과 유기 용매간의 반응 속도는 여러 반응인자에 따라 반응 속도 실험을 하였다 F $e^{0}$ , FeS와 Fe $S_2$를 반응 매개물로 $C_2$C $l_{6}$에 대한 반응에서 F $e^{0}$ > FeS > Fe $S_2$ 순으로 분해반응 속도가 빠르게 나타났다. 철 광물질에 대해서 $C_2$C $l_{6}$, CHC $l_{5}$ , $C_2$C $l_4$, CHC $l_3$에 대한 분해 반응 속도는 염소 치환기가 적을수록 환원반응 속도는 느리게 일어난다. 환원 반응 속도는 pH, 교반 속도, 반응 온도와 비표면적에 의존적임을 확인하였다. 1,10-phenanthroline과 EDTA화합물은 고립전자 쌍을 가진 2개의 질소 원자에 의해 형성된 두 자리 킬레이트 작용기가 철 표면에 흡착하며 전자 이동 속도를 증가시켜 분해 반응 속도를 증가시킨다. 즉 분자 $\pi$* 오비탈을 가진 질소원자는 비어있는 금속에 비편재(delocalized)되어 전자이동 속도를 증가시킨다. 그리고 hydroquinone은 반응 속도에 영향을 주지 않았다. 자연계에 존재하는 카올리나이트는 철 광물질의 부식을 유발시켜 분해 반응속도를 증가시켰다. 반면 F $e^{2+}$와 S $O_4$$^{2-}$ 와 같은 이온은 반응속도에 영향을 주지 않았다. Kinetic characteristics dependent on several factors such as iron mineral and organic solvents were investigated. When F $e^{0}$ , FeS and Fe $S_2$ were used as mediators, minerals affecting reaction rate were in the following order : $Fe_{0}$ 0/ > FeS > $FeS_2$ when in contact $C_2$C $l_{6}$ . The more chloride substituted, the higher reaction rate were observed. The reaction rates were dependent on pH, shaking rate, temperature and specific surface area. 1, 10-phenanthroline and EDTA degradation rates were fast, indicating that they adsorbed on the surface of the iron which makes the electron transfer reaction easy. Nitrate which has $\pi$* orbital of molecular can increase electron transfer rate because it is delocalized in its entity. The reaction rates were not affected by hydroquinone. Degradation rates were much enhanced with naturally occurring kaolinite because of the surface corrosion of Fe mineral. However, The reaction rate was not affected by F $e^{2+}$ or S $O_4$$^{2-}$ presented in solution.n.

철 광물에 의한 염소계 유기화합물의 환원적분해

김성국,박상원,Kim, Sung-Kuk,Park, Sang-Won 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004 지하수토양환경 Vol.9 No.2

Chlorinated and nitroaromatic compounds are non-degradable substances that are extremely toxic and are known to be carcinogens and mutation causing agents. Moreover, the half-lives of substances such as carbon tetrachloride, hexachloroethane and nitroaromatic compounds are several decades. In this study, the optimal conditions to detoxify chlorinated compounds by the reductive degradation were investigated. The following results were obtained in the reductive degradation of CCl$_4$, C$_2$Cl$\_$6/, C$_2$HCl$\_$5/, C$_2$Cl$_4$, and C$_2$HCl$\_$5/ by using Fe, FeS and FeS$_2$ as mediators. CCl$_4$ was reduced to CH$_2$Cl$_3$ and CH$_2$Cl$_2$in anaerobic conditions when FeS was used as a mediator. While the reduction of CCl$_4$ to CHCl$_3$ was rapidly proceeded, the reduction of CHCl$_3$ to CH$_2$Cl$_2$ was occurred slowly. Further reduction to CH$_3$Cl was not observed. Unlike CCl$_4$, C$_2$Cl$\_$6/ was degraded to C$_2$HCl$\_$5/, C$_2$Cl$_4$. C$_2$HCl$_3$ and cis-1,2-C$_2$H$_2$Cl$_2$ by complicated pathways such as hydrogenolysis, dehalo-elimination and dehydrohalogenation. A small amount of C$_2$HCl$\_$5/ was detected only in the early stages of the reduction. However, majority of the C$_2$Cl$\_$6/ was reduced to C$_2$Cl$_4$. cis-1,2-C$_2$H$_2$C1$_2$ was the only product among other possible isomers. 염소계 및 니트로계 유기 화합물은 발암물질 또는 돌연 변이성 유발물질로 인체에 매우 유독한 물질로 알려 져있다. 특히 사염화탄소,헥사클로로에탄 또는 니트로계 방향족 화합물은 자연계에서 분해되는 반감기는 수십 년이 걸린다. 이 연구에서는 염소계 유기화합물의 환원적 분해반응으로 무독화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. Fe$^{0}$ , FeS와 FeS$_2$를 반응 매개물로 이용해서 $CCl_4$, $C_2$Cl$_{6}$, $C_2$HCl$_{5}$ , $C_2$Cl$_{4}$와 $C_2$HCl$_3$의 환원적 분해반응에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $CCl_4$ 는 FeS을 반응 매개물로 혐기성 조건에서 CHCl$_3$와 CH$_2$Cl$_2$로 환원적 분해반응을 하였다. $CCl_4$에서 CHCl$_3$으로 환원반응은 매우 빠르게 일어나는 반면 CHCl$_3$에서 CH$_2$Cl$_2$로 분해되는 반응속도는 매우 느리게 일어났다. $C_2$Cl$_{6}$는 $CCl_4$와 달리 복잡한 반응 경로로 환원적 분해 반응을 하였으며, 수소첨가 반응, 탈염소제거반응과 탈수소탈염소화반응으로 $C_2$HCl$_{5}$ , $C_2$Cl$_4$, $C_2$HCl$_3$와 cis-1,2-C$_2$H$_2$Cl$_2$의 환원 생성물로 분해되었다. 반응 초기에 소량의 $C_2$HCl$_{5}$ 생성물이 확인되었으며, 대부분 $C_2$HCl$_4$으로 환원반응 하였다. 특히 $C_2$HCl$_3$에서 환원반응 생성물로 cis-1,2C$_2$HCl$_2$만이 생성물로 나타났고, trans-1,2-C$_2$H$_2$Cl$_2$ 또는 1,1-C$_2$H$_2$Cl$_2$은 생성물로 나타나지 않았다.

선박 이름의 유형에 관한 시론적 연구

김성국(Kim, Sung-Kuk),이진욱(Lee, Jin-Uk) 한국해양대학교 국제해양문제연구소 2021 해항도시문화교섭학 Vol.- No.24

이 연구의 목적은 선박 이름의 데이터 분석을 기반으로 하여 선박이름의 경향성과 유형화를 시험적으로 연구하는 것이다. 해양에 관련한 인문학적 연구가 여러 분야에서 진행되고 있지만 선박의 이름에 관한 정성적 연구나 정량적인 연구는 성과가 거의 없었다. 또한 기업경영 측면에서 무형자산인 선박 이름은 브랜드네임과 같이 연구될 필요성이 있다. 사람 이름을 대상으로 하는 성명학 연구 등을 기반으로 선박 이름 작명에는 경향성과 유형화가 가능할 것이라는 연구 방향성을 제시하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 선박 이름을 제공하고 있는 데이터베이스를 이용하여 선박 이름을 추출하고 빈도분석하였다. 분석 결과 동서양을 막론하고 선박의 이름으로 선호하는 이름은 바다와 관련된 지리지형적인 단어와 항해와 관련한 천문 단어라는 것이다. 향후 선박 이름에 대하여 군집분석이나 인지언어학적인 연구가 진행된다면 해양인문학 연구에 토대를 보다 공고히 하게 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 시도된 시험적인 분석에 의해 발견된 선박 이름의 경향성이나 유형화는 향후 해양인문학 연구에서 한 영역으로 자리를 잡기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to test the tendency and typification of ship names based on data analysis of ship names. It has been said that although humanities research related to the ocean has been being carried out in various fields, qualitative or quantitative research on the names of ships has little results so far. In addition, the name of a ship that is an intangible asset in terms of business management needs to be studied, such as a brand name. Based on the study of people"s names, the direction of this study was proposed that the tendency and typification of ship names would be possible. In order to verify this, the ship names were extracted and frequency analyzed using a database that provided the ship names. This study shows that the preferred name for a ship, regardless of east or west, is a geographical word related to the sea and an astronomical word related to navigation. Also, names wishing for origin were preferred. In the future, if cluster analysis or cognitive linguistic research is conducted on the ship names, the foundation for marine humanities research will be made more public. The tendency or typification of ship names discovered by the experimental analysis attempted in this study is expected to establish itself as an area in future maritime humanities studies.

Q 방법을 이용한 수상레저스포츠 이용자의 이용요인분석

김성국(Sung-Kuk Kim) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2008 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.11

  The purpose of this study was to identify the representative consumer behaviors of water leisure sports. Form the in-dept review of literature using Q-Methodology to find the water leisure sports consumer types. Through the Q factor analysis, three distinct consumer behavior types were identified.<BR>  And form the results of the analysis, 34 items were selected among 30 Q sample. Multidimensional scaling and discriminant function analysis showed that all three factors were correctly classified into their respective types; (1) "Social intercourse-oriented", (2) "Family-oriented", (3) "Self improvement". The result indicated that the scale could be used as a valid and reliable instrument to classify consumer behaviors type. Based on these results, the directions for future research were discussed.

스포츠 교육 : 열린 학문으로서의 체육학 (2)

김성국 ( Sung Kuk Kim ) 한국체육학회 1992 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.-

스포츠클럽 활성화를 위한 클럽참여자의 만족도에 관한 연구

김성국(Sung Kuk Kim),박명국(Myoung Kug Park),김성규(Sung Kue Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2005 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.29 No.-

Raw264.7 대식세포에서 국산 프로폴리스 추출물에 의한 항염증 효과

김성국(Sung-Kuk Kim),우순옥(SoonOk Woo),한상미(Sangmi Han),김세건(Se Gun Kim),방경원(Kyung Won Bang),장혜리(Hye Ri Jang),문효정(Hyo Jung Moon),김현지(Hyun Ji Kim) 한국양봉학회 2018 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of propolis collected from Korea on Raw264.7 macrophage cells. Propolis extract was prepared by ethanol extraction method, the yield of the extract was about 39%. The cell cytotoxicity evaluation of propolis was determined by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. When the cells were treated with propolis concentration of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 1,000 μg/ml for cytotoxicity evaluation, the optimal concentration without cell death was 25μg/ml. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis by nitric oxide (NO) production. To investigate the effect of propolis on the production of NO, a typical inflammatory reaction factor, propolis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated before, after, and simultaneously, as a result, increased NO production by LPS was shown to be reduced by propolis. The results also showed that the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β‚) expressed by Western blotting were also consistent. It was confirmed that the expression level of iNOS, IL-1β‚ increased by LPS was inhibited by propolis and was regulated at the intracellular level. This results show that propolis is controlled at the molecular level in the relief and prevention of the inflammatory reaction, this suggests that propolis is an excellent functional substance in the treatment and prevention of inflammation, also it may be related to the immunomodulation of LPSstimulated Raw264.7 cells.

지역유형별 노인의 생활체육 참가와 건강증진행위 및 의료비 지출의 관계

김성국(Sung Kuk Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.37

The purpose of this study was to find out The study on the relationship among the sports-for-all participation, health promoting lifestyle, and medical expense of the elderly, and to basic data to establish the Sports-for-All participation policy for the promotion of quality of the life of the elderly. Total 284 Korean elderly, big, small city and gun area were sampled as of 2008 as the population, who were aged over 61 and attended the elder`s college, silver town. Using the purposeful sampling method. For the investigation, we used the questionnaire method. And to construct the contents of the questionnaire, we referred to related previous works and then constructed the relevant questionnaire items after testing the validity and reliability of them. t-test, linear multiple regression, and path analysis were used for the analysis of the data. The results were as being follows. First, the sports-for-all participation is partially influences on the health promoting lifestyle, medical expense. Second, each of the participation frequency and participation period affected significantly at the health promoting lifestyle, medical expense. Lastly there is a causal relationship between the sports-for-all participation, health promoting lifestyle and medical expense.