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김동한 ( Dong Han Kim ) 대한상하수도학회 2007 상하수도학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Nitrogen compounds in municipal wastewater can be divided into biodegradable and nonbiodegradable fractions with biodegradability. Biodegradable nitrogen compounds can be removed through biological nitrification and denitrification processes, and nonbiodegradable nitrogen compounds affect the effluent quality of biological nutrient removal processes. The amount of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are the sum of ammonia and biodegradable organic nitrogen, has been estimated by respirometry. Respirometry shows good estimation of the concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen when a synthetic sample of ammonium chloride is dosed. The estimated concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds in municipal wastewater is close to ammonia concentration in municipal wastewater, but it is lower than that for the synthetic sample. If nitrogen assimilated into cell synthesis of nitrifiers and heterotrophs is considered, the total amounts of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are nitrified and assimilated, could be more accurately estimated. The concentration of nitrifiable nitrogen compounds, which are biodegradable, is about 31 mg N/l, and this is 119% of ammonia and 94% of total nitrogen. Ammonia, nitrate, biodegradable organic nitrogen, and nonbiodegradable nitrogen are about 79%, 1%, 15%, and 5% of the total nitrogen in municipal wastewater, respectively.
영화<범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜놈들 전성시대>(2012)에 나타난 사회자본의 의미
김동한 ( Kim Dong-han ) 콘텐츠문화학회 2024 콘텐츠문화연구 Vol.7 No.-
본 논문은 영화<범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜놈들 전성시대>(2012)에 나타난 사회자본을 분석하고, 전근대의 유교적 사회학이 현대에 어떻게 반영되는지를 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. <범죄와의 전쟁>의 사회자본은 하나의 계급에 머물러 있기 위한 것이 아니라, 상층계급으로 올라가려는 욕망의 도구로 활용되며, 그것은 경제자본과 문화자본, 상징자본의 획득을 통해 이루어진다. 더불어 그 기반을 사회자본으로 설정하여 분석하고자 한다. 최익현은 최형배와 유교적 사회자본을 형성하여, 최형배의 ‘대부’라는 계급을 획득하고, 도박장 관리자라는 신분을 통해 경제자본까지 획득한다. 즉 이를 통해 최익현이 최형배라는 폭력조직의 실력자와 유교적 사회자본을 형성하고 확대해 나감으로써 자신의 계급을 월급을 받는 일개 공무원에서 사업체의 관리직으로 상승시키고, 이를 통해 사회자본의 총량까지 확대해 나가간다. 사회자본의 크기 확대가 최익현의 계급 상승뿐만 아니라, 문화자본과 학력자본에도 영향을 미치고 유기적으로 관계되어 있음을 보여준다. 또한 사회자본이 확대됨에 따라 그 속에 속한 인물들 각자의 영역, 즉 장의 충돌로 이어지며, 그것을 통해 결국 유교적 사회자본이 해체되는 모습을 확인할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the social capital shown in the movie Nameless Gangster(2012) and to examine how the pre-modern Confucian sociology is reflected in the modern era. The social capital in Nameless Gangster is not intended to stay in one class, but is used as a tool for desire to rise to the upper class, and it is achieved through the acquisition of economic capital, cultural capital, and symbolic capital. In addition, we will set the foundation as social capital and analyze it. Choi Ik-hyun forms Confucian social capital with Choi Hyung-bae to acquire the class of Choi Hyung-bae's 'Godfather' and even economic capital through the status of a gambling center manager. In other words, by forming and expanding Confucian social capital with a powerful gang called Choi Hyung-bae through this, Choi Ik-hyun elevates his class from a single public official who receives a salary to a manager of a business, and through this, he expands the total amount of social capital. It shows that the expansion of social capital affects and organically relates not only to the rise of Choi Ik-hyeon's class, but also to cultural and academic capital. In addition, as social capital expands, it leads to a conflict between the fields of each person in it, that is, the field, and through it, it is possible to confirm that Confucian social capital is eventually dismantled.