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도시의 물리적환경이 범죄유형별 발생시점별 범죄발생에 미치는 영향
곽명신(Kwak, Myeong-shin),권정주(Kwon, Jeong-ju),성현곤(Sung, Hyun-gun) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2017 國土計劃 Vol.52 No.4
The urban physical environment is expected to influence crime incidence. However, few studies have not fully investigated its differential impacts by crime type and occurrence time. This study employed the negative binomial regression models for the dependent variables on the number of reported crimes, located by the 400m×400m grid cell, by the type (theft and violence) and the time (day and night). In order to analyze influencing factors, the study measured urban environment factors such as building density by use, characteristics of buildings, river, and park, controlling such population measures as population and the ratio of elderly people. Our analysis results are summarized with some findings below. First of all, the urban physical environment determined a little bit more violence crimes than theft one and night crime than day one when comparing the sizes of pseudo R2s, explanatory powers for the models. Second, each physical environment measure play different roles on crime occurrence by its types and time. In conclusion, the study results indicate that it should be applied taking into account the type of crime in introducing the CPTED method leading to crime prevention effects in the city.
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중동호흡기 증후군 감염 공포에 따른 물리적 도시형태가 도시철도 이용에 미친 매개 효과 분석
성현곤(Hyungun Sung),곽명신(Myeong Shin Kwak) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2016 國土計劃 Vol.51 No.7
This study is aimed at decomposing and identifying the mediating effects of transit-oriented compact city planning elements on rail transit ridership during the proliferation of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Seoul, Korea. The study are focused on how urban physical form such as density, diversity, design, and transit accessibility in rail station areas had affected the decrease of rail transit ridership during that time indirectly as well as directly, by employing the path modeling. Their indirect impacts on it are measured as rail transit ridership of a rail station affected by the form indictors as well as condensing trip-inducing facilities and socio-economic indicators for the 500m-buffer rail station area. Analysis results are summarized as follows below. First, rail transit ridership significantly decreased by urban physical form as well as single-unit facilities within a certain area. Second, the former had more indirectly influenced ridership decrease. Third, some urban physical form such as density, diversity and design had statistically significant on it while total effects of the two socio-economic measures had not. Fourth and finally, the avoidance for the use of rail transit were more prominent for the elderly than for the others. In addition, all of the urban form measures were differentiatively influenced by the two groups of rail riders.
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