자연과학편 : 양적(量的) KR과 Mental Paractice 혼합부여시(混合附與時) 운동감각(運動感覺) 효과(效果)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

고영완(YoungWanKo),권태원(TaeWonKwon) 한국체육학회 1989 한국체육학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Kinesthesis of a blend of Mental Practices by Given Quantitative KR and to provide this information to Motor Performance.The subjects for this study consisted of 50 Korea Military Academy students, who were assigned equally to five groups; they are from 21 to 22 in ages. By means of Digital Grip Dynamomenter, the subjects were recognized by 2 trials of the value of goal (10㎏). After the subjects repeated 30 practice trials, they were tested by 3 trials.They were divided into groups such as ;Group I (10) was accurately recognized by the value of the difference of goal to the vague of goal (10㎏).Group II (10) was accurately recognized by the value of the difference of goal to the value of goal (10㎏) and Mental Practice.Group III (10) was unaccurately (plus and minus) recognized by the value of the difference of goal to the value of goal (10㎏).Group IV (10) was unaccurately (plus and minus) recognized by the value of the difference of goal to the value of goal (10㎏) and Mental Practice.Group V (10)was the Control GroupThe One-Way ANOVA analysis was used and the results were calculated. The results are as follows :The Kinesthesis of a blend of Mental Practice and Quantitative KR showed that Group I was DM 0.07㎏ more than Group II, DM 0.25㎏ more than Group III, DM 0.09㎏ more than Group IV, DM 1.2㎏ more than Group V, that Group II was DM 0.18㎏ more than Group III, DM 0.02㎏ more than Group IV, DM 1.23㎏ more than Group V, that Group III was DM 0.16㎏ more than Group IV and DM 0.95㎏ more than Group V.In conclusion, although there wasn’t any significant difference among greups, the writers could see that there was a slight improvement to the Mean of Difference (DM) among groups. These factors could be developed by effects on Kinesthesis of a blending of Mental Practice and Quantitative KR.

자연과학편 : 과체중과 과소체중 20대 남성들의 최대하 Stepping 운동을 통한 적정 운동강도 기준치 설정과 예측 및 경향분석

고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study was to establish the optimum step height of total and submaximal heart rate by each step height of stepping, and predict relationship between step heights and total heart rate, step heights and submaximal heart rate of overweight and underweight groups. The subjects classified into overweight & underweight stepping exercise group by body mass index (overweight group(n=21): BMI<25-30㎏/㎡, underweight group(n=21) : BMI<20㎏/㎡). In order to determine the accurate cardio-respiratory response to stepping exercise of the total & submaximal heart rate response curves of each subjects by step height(30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm), the intensity of each step height were evaluated for 5 min. (one step of “up-up” and “down-down”: 1times /2sec, 150 steps for 5min).In order to find out the most appropriate stepping exercise prescription intensity, each submaximal stepping exercise was consecuted by overwight & underweight subjects for five minutes at each of seven different step heights Also, % heart rates of overwight & underweight subjects were calculated at maxmial heart rate(220-subjects ages)/submaximal heart rate for 5min, at each stepping exercise height.The order of step heights was randomized by using a balanced Latin Square. Twoway ANOVA with repeated measures by step height between overwight & underweight groups, T-test between each step heights, oneway ANOVA by step heights within each group, student newman keuls test, trend analysis, and simple regression analysis with overwight & underweight groups between step heights & total heart rate, step heights and submaxmal heart rate were used to detect statistical differences.1. Prediction among step heights & total exercise intensity, step heights & submaximal exercise intensity and1) Overweight group : (1)HRsubmax.=76.31+1.83·Heights(R²=0.80) (2)Total HR=80.33+1.36·Heights(R²=0.97)2) Underweight group: (1)HRsubmax.=72.79+1.32·Heights(R²=0.37) (2)Total HR=63.97+1.21·Heights(R²=0.89)2. Changes of total & submaximal exercise intensity among each stepping exercise heights1) The total & submaximal exercise intensity resulted from increase & decrease state of exercise intensity by higher & lower step heights within overwight & underweight groups.2) The total & submaximal exercise intensity of overwight group between each step height was higher than that of underweight group.3) Trend analysis of overweight & underweight groups was changed linearly with increasement of total & submaximal exercise intensity by step heights.In conclusion, the stepping exercise using optimum step heights in aerobic exercise ability can be used efficient exercise intensity at overweight & underweight males, and offered diagnostical data for aerobic fitness.

자연과학편 : Stepping Box 를 이용한 심폐지구력 향상 방안에 관한 Model 연구 (Ⅰ)

고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study is to inestigate model to improvement of cardiovascular endurance by using step ping box and to provide these information to the obese & nonobese persons. The subjects for this study consist of bese(OTG : 6persons) and nonobese training groups(NOTG : 6 persons). They are from 23 to 26 ages. who are similar to the variable control. The OTG were decided higher than 50% obesity percent by adjudication fomular of obesity and NOTG were derided lower than 5%.The subjects of obese & nonobese training groups was to establishment of loads among stepping box heights(30㎝. 35㎝. 40㎝. 45㎝. 50㎝. 55㎝, 60㎝) by Latin-Square method.They were tested first times by 50㎝-stepping box test before training, second times after 4weeks training. and third times after 8weeks training to see changes of heart rate(rest, during exercise, recovery) by using IXPE 3000 Training System.The analyzed and compared changes of heart rate after stepping box training for 8weeks by using loads of stepping box programs 〔5times/week, 4sets/day. 5min/set, rest : 3min/set. 1 week : 30㎝, 2week : 35㎝. 3week 40㎝, 4week : 45㎝. 5week : 50㎝, 6week : 55㎝. 7week : 60㎝. 8week : 60㎝(5 set/day)〕. The results are as follows:1. Rest Heart RateIn the OTG showed significantly after 4week & after 8week training than before training at P<0.01, and after 8week than after weeks at P<0.01. while in the NOTG was showed significantly after 4week than after before training & after 8week than after 4weeks training at p<0.05, and after 8week than before training at P<0.05. Trend analysis in the OTG & NOTG was changed linear trend with heart rate and periods of training at p<0.001.The comparison between OTG & NOTG showed significantly OTG than NOTG at P<0.001.2. Heart Rate during ExerciseIn the OTG & NOTG showed significantly after 4week & 8week training than before training, and after 8week than after 4weeks training at p<0.01.Trend analysis in the OTG & NOTG was changed linear trend with heart rate and periods of training(OTG:P<0.001, NOTG:P<0.05).The comparison between OTG & NOTG showed significantly OTG than NOTG at P<0.001.3. Recovery Heart RateIn the OTG was showed significantly after 4week & 8week training than before training at P<0.001, and after 8week than after 4week training at p<0.05, but in the NOTG was showed significantly after 8week than before training at p<0.05, while after 4week than before training and after 8week than 4week training are not significant.Trend analysis in the OTG & NOTG was changed linear trend with heart rate and periods of training(OTG p<0.001, NOTG:p<0.05).The comparison between OTG & NOTG appeared significantly OTG than NOTG at P<0.001.

자연과학편 : 비만 남성들의 Stepping 운동처방을 위한 적정 운동강도 설정과 예측

고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1994 한국체육학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The purpose of this study was to predict and establish each time, total heart rate, and maximal heart rate by each height of stepping exercise(30㎝, 35㎝, 40em, 45㎝, 50㎝, 55㎝, 60㎝). The subjects classified into obese stepping exercise group above 30㎏/㎡ of body mass index. In order to determine the accurate cardio-respiratory response to stepping exercise, the heart rate response curves of each subjects by stepping height were evaluated for intensity of stepping height during 5min(1times/2sec, “up-up” “down-down”, 150steps/5min), and each submaximal stepping exercise consisted of obese subjects for five minutes at each of seven different stepping heights in order to find out the most appropriate stepping exercise prescription intensity far obese subjects.Stepping heights order was randomized using a balanced Latin Square. Oneway ANOVA with repeated measures by stepping height & simple regression analysis between Stepping heights & each time of heart rate were used to detect statistical differences of obese groups.The results showed that there was significant prediction equation at l0sec-total heart rate except rest time according to stepping heights(p<0.001)and Stepping time, and that total & maximal heart rate according to Stepping height(p<0.001)[total heart rate SNK-test : 60㎝ vs 55㎝, 50㎝, 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 55㎝ vs 50㎝, 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 50㎝ vs 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, and 45㎝ vs 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 35㎝ vs 30㎝. maximal heart rate SNK-test 60㎝ vs 50㎝, 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 55㎝ vs 50㎝, 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 50㎝ vs 45㎝, 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, 45㎝ vs 40㎝, 35㎝, 30㎝, and 40㎝ vs 35㎝, 30㎝].In conclusion, the stepping exercise using adequate stepping height in aerobic exercise ability can be use efficient exercise intensity at obese mans, and offer diagnostically data of aerobic fitness.Therefore, these stepping exercise required computer program conversion by establishment of stepping height intensity in order to efficiently improve exercise prescription of nation’s aerobic fitness.

자연과학편 : 비만과 정상 중년여성의 적정 Stepping 운동처방을 통한 훈련이 심폐지구력 향상에 관한 연구

고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1994 한국체육학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stepping training on cardiovascular endurance for the middle aged females.The subjected are divided into obese & normal stepping training groups by using body mass index(Obese Stepping Training Group: BMI>30㎏/㎡, Normal Stepping Training Group: BMI> 20∼ 25㎏/㎡). After that, the 12 subjects of obese and normal stepping groups were established by stepping training intensity using each stepping height(15,3㎝, 20.3㎝, 25.4㎝) & music tempo (0-4week:113bpm, 5-8week:118bpm, 9-12week:l23bpm) within 80∼90% HRmax(before training, after 4weeks training, after 8weeks training).And the obese and normal stepping training groups are to compare and analyze the charges of cardiorespiratory fitness maintaining equal intensity for 12 weeks.The results were as follows :1. The obese stepping training group showed significant differences in VT, VT-VO₂, VT-HR, VT-Time, VEmax, VO₂max, All-Out Time(p<0.01∼p<0.001). Normal stepping training group showed significant differences in VT-Time, VEmax and All Out Time(p(0.01∼p<0.001).2. Total stepping training group Showed significant differences in VT, VT-VO₂, VT-Time, VEmax, All-Out Time(p<0.001).3. The changes of VT-Time between groups showed higher differences in normal stepping group than in obese stepping group, but the changes of VEmax between groups showed higher differences in obese stepping group than normal group.These results suggest that stepping training within the same conditions intensity could provides a useful means to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness of obese & normal middle-aged females.Especially, the stepping training of the obese middle-aged females had greater effects on cardiovascular endurance.

자연과학편 : 수영 프로그램 참여 노인여성과 비운동 여성의 심폐순환기능 비교

최은택(EunTaikChoi),고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study was to improve and maintain the health by using swimming program for the elderly & middle-aged females, and to examine the effects of cardiovascular enduarance.The subjects classified into trained elderly women group(60-65 years, n=8), untrained elderly women group(60-65 years, n=8), trained middle-aged women group(42-48 years, n=8), & untrained middle-aged women group(42-48 years, n=8). In order to measure the responses of cardiovascular enduarance by swimming program during 6 months(3times/week, 50min./day), all subjects of each group were gradually exercised by treadmill until exhaustion and analyzed for HRrest, HRmax, VO₂max, and VEmax.This data was analyzed by oneway ANOVA among groups & SNK-test between groups.The results showed that there were significant differences in rest heart rate(p<0.001), HRmax (p<0.001), VO₂max(p<0.001), and VEmax(p<0.00l). [rest heart rate SNK-test: trained elderly women group vs untrained elderly women group, trained middle-aged women group vs untrained middle-aged women group, elderly women group vs middle-aged women. HRmax SNK-test: elderly women group vs middle-aged women. VO₂max SNK-test: trained middle-aged women group vs untrained middle-aged women group, elderly women group vs middle-aged women. and VEmax test trained elderly women group vs untrained elderly women group, trained middle-aged women group vs untrained middle-aged women group, elderly women group vs middle-aged women).In conclusion, it is showed that the endurance training such as swimming can enhance the cardiovascular endurance of this elderly & middle-aged subjects.

자연과학편 : 운동방향(運動方向)에 따른 간격(間隔)과 무릎 굴신각도(屈伸角度) 변화(變化)가 반응(反應), 동작시간(動作時間)에 미치는 영향(影響)

조성봉(SeongBongCho),고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1988 한국체육학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate change on the Reaction, Movement Time of vistance of feet (20cm, 40cm) and angle of knee flexion (120°, l35°, 150°) to forward, backward, right, Left direaction.The subjects for this study consist of 30 persons, college man, they were tested Reaction and Movement Time S. P. S. S. program for MANDVA was used.The conclusion are as follows:1. The Reaction Time of the forward posture (0.159 sec.) was fastest at the distance of feet with 20cm and the angle of knee flexion with 120° and the Reaction Time of the backward posture (0.227 sec) was the slowest at the distance of feet with 40cm and the angle of knee flexion with 150°.2. The Movement Time of the backward posture (0.591 sec.) was fast at the distance of feet with 40cm and the angle of knee flexion with 120° and the Reaction Time of the forward posture (0.735 sec.) was the slowest at the distance of feet 20 cm and the angle of knee flexion with 150°.In Conclusion, the Reaction, Movement Time was relatives the distance of feet and angle of knee flexion.

지역좌표계에서 관측한 체간 척추분절운동에 관한 연구

유경석(KyoungSeokYoo),고영완(YoungWanKo),강진형(JinHyoungKang),서승우(SeungWooSuh) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.6

본 연구는 지역좌표계로부터 체간척추 분절수 정의에 따른 One-Trunk (Model1), Upper-Lower Trunk (Model2), Multi-Segment Trunk (Model3) 모듈로 각각 정의하여 분절운동이 몸통체간운동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 체간몸통운동 유형은 상체 앞으로 굽히기, 옆으로 굽히기, 몸통회전 3가지 동작으로 체간 척추세그먼트 운동의 관절가동범위인 각변위를 측정하였다. 실험대상자들은 6년 이상 축구경력이 있는 대학선수군(n=10)들로 하였다. 분석방법은 X-ray 분석과 3차원비디오영상분석을 하였으며, 측정장비는 적외선카메라 13대(250hz)를 이용한 바이콘모션캡쳐시스템(MX-T40)을 이용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS(ver. 17) 일원변량분산분석을 하였으며 p<.05 유의수준에서 처리하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 체간 분절 수 증가에 따른 척추모델의 분절동작이 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 사후검정결과 Model3과 Model2, 그리고 Model3과 Model1에서 모델그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, X,Y,Z좌표축의 체간세그먼트 동작이 x, z축 상에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 위의 결과를 종합해볼 때 Model3의 7개 세그먼트 움직임이 다양한 운동패턴으로 나타남으로서 인체운동특성에 의한 척추모듈이 권장되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the three trunk spine segment models(One -Trunk Model, Upper-Lower Trunk Model, and Multi-Segment Trunk Model) by investigating the ROM of trunk segments from three-dimensional kinematic motion of the pelvis-spine coordinate system. To analyze the ROM of angular displacement on the trunk motion, The forward bending, the side bending, and the axial rotation were compared with the three types of trunk spine model, respectively. Ten male subjects were recruited as soccer players in university entrants. Three-dimensional video analysis and X-ray were performed. And Vicon Motion Capture System(MX-T40) using the thirteen infrared cameras(sampling frequency of 250Hz) and Vicon Nexus 1.7 software programs were used. Statistical process was to use SPSS(ver. 17), to do an one-way ANOVA and to do in significance level p<.05. Significant differences were noted in the trunk spine segment motion with trunk segments interaction effects using three kinematic trunk models between model, as well as between x, y, z축 coordinate system. It should therefore be chosen carefully because the trunk motion can be explained differently depending upon the module types in each trunk segment model, owing to, the number of trunk spine segments.

자연과학편 : 도수체조류형(徒手體操類型)에 따른 운동부하후(運動負荷後) 심박수(心拍數), 혈압(血壓) 및 혈액성분(血液成分) 변화(變化)에 관한 비교연구(比較硏究)(Ⅰ)

전영학(YoungHakChun),고영완(YoungWanKo),조정호(JungHoCho) 한국체육학회 1990 한국체육학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to provide the fundamental data required to improve effective training methods for the athletes and to cultivate healthy citizens. Special group of 24 males were chosen for the experiment to compare HR, BP, WBC, RBC, HB, HCT, and PLT before and after exercises in three different gymnastics. The results can be summarized as follows ;1. The changes in HR, WBC, RBC, and HB after, exercises were most significant in PT Group, followed by AF Group and then NA Group, (HR : p<0.001, WBC : p<0.001, RBC : p<0.05. HB : p<0.01)2. PT Group showed slight difference in changes of BP, HCT and PLT after exercises compared to two other groups, however, the result demonstrated that three groups showed no significance.

자연과학편 : 수영참가 중 · 노년 여성과 비활동 중 · 노년 여성의 혈청지질 반응

최은택(EunTaikChoi),고영완(YoungWanKo) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.2

The purpose of this study was to prevent from chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease by using swimming program for elder & middle-aged women, and to investigate the effects of serum lipids.The subjects classified into trained elderly women group(60-65 yeas, n=8), untrained elderly women group(60-65 years, n=8), trained middle-aged women group(42-48 years, n=8), & untrained middle-aged women group(42-48 years, n=8). In order to change of the acurate serum lipids by swimming program during 8 months(3times/week, 50min./day), all subjects of each group were gradually exercised by treadmill untill exhaustion. Blood samples were taken from antecubital vein one time immediately after exhaustion and analyzed for total cholesterol, HDEL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol calculated by the formula of Friedewald et al.These data were analyzed by twoway ANOVA between age(aged females * middle-aged females) * training(trained * untrained) groups.The results showed that there were significant changes in total cholesterol at age groups(p< 0.05), but no significant changes at training groups(p >0.05) & age * training groups interaction(p>0.05). and there were significant changes in HDL-cholesterol(age groups, p<0,01: training groups, p< 0.001, age * training groups interaction, p >0.05), triglycerides(age groups, p<0.01: training groups, p< 0.001, age * training groups interaction, p >0.05), and LDL-cholesterol(age groups, p<0.01: training groups, p< 0.001, age * training groups interaction, p >0.05).In conclusion, increases in HDL-cholesterol and decreases in LDL-cholesterol & triglycerides after endurance training can be suggested as an effect to prevent CHD for the elderly & middle-aged subjects.