중금속 이온이 산개구리 난자성숙에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ),이두표 ( Doo Pyo Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 1998 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.11 No.3

청개구리 배아를 활용한 화학물질의 독성평가 연구

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.5

국내에 서식하는 개구리의 배아를 이용하여 화학물질의 독성평가에 대한 가능성을 파악하기 위해 FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) 기법에 따라 청개구리(Hyla japonica)의 배아를 배양하면서 Cu2+과 Tebuconazole의 효과를 probit 분석법으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, Cu2+과 Tebuconazole의 농도에 의존하여 유생의 체장 길이는 감소하고 치사율과 기형율은 증가하였으며 Cu2+과 Tebuconazole의 teratogenic concentration(EC50)은 각각 0.05, 5.0㎎/ℓ을 나타내었고 embryo lethal concentrations(LC50)은 0.16, 39.1㎎/ℓ을 나타내었다. Teratogenic index(TI=LC50/EC50)는 Cu2+의 경우 3.0, Tebuconazole의 경우 7.7을 나타내어 청개구리 배아 발달에 최기형성 물질로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 Cu2+과 Tebuconazole 모두 낮은 농도에서 청개구리 배아의 발달에 민감하게 반응하였으며 다량의 배아 확보가 가능하였고 배양이 용이하였으며 치사율, 기형율, 성장률, 기형양상 등이 기존의 연구들과 비교하였을 때 유사한 결과를 나타내어 청개구리 배아를 활용한 시험기법은 화학물질 및 환경오염물질의 독성검정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this experiment, I investigated toxicity evaluation of chemicals using domestic frog embryos, along FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. I investigated Cu2+ and Tebuconazole effect on the tree frog, Hyla japonica, embryos by probit analysis. Mortality and malformation rates increased and larval body length decreased depending on the concentrations of Cu2+ and Tebuconazole. The teratogenic concentration (EC50) of Cu2+ and Tebuconazole were 0.05, 5.0mg/ℓ, respectively and the embryo lethal concentration (LC50) of Cu2+ and Tebuconazole were 0.16, 38.5, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) appeared 3.0 in Cu2+ and 7.7 in Tebuconazole, which showed teratogenicity in embryonic development of Hyla japonica. These results reveal that Cu2+ and Tebuconazole in this experiment suppressed the development of embryos at relatively low concentration. Much of Hyla japonica embryos can be secured, and easy to incubate. In addition, mortality, malformation ratios, malformation patterns and growth rates are similar to the results from the other assay systems. Therefore, the Hyla japonica embryo teratogenesis assay system could be a useful tool to evaluate toxicity of pollutants in environment.

Cd2+이 북방산개구리의 난자성숙과 배아발달에 미치는 영향

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2006 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.20 No.3

산개구리 배아를 활용한 화학물질의 기형성 평가에 관한 연구

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2004 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.18 No.3

PCB가 산개구리의 배아발생에 미치는 영향

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ),정성용 ( Soung Yung Joung ) 한국환경생태학회 2004 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.18 No.3

참개구리 배아를 이용한 화학물질의 독성평가 연구

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생물학회 2012 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Toxicity of Ni2+ and Tebuconazole were investigated via FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol using domestic frog embryos. Embryos of Black-spotted pond frog, Rana nigromaculata, were incubated and toxic effects of Ni2+ and Tebuconazole were investigated by probit analysis. As a result, mortality and malformation rates were increased and larval body length was decreased in a dose dependant manner of Ni2+ and Tebuconazole. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of Ni2+ and Tebuconazole were 0.07, 12.7 mg L-1, respectively and the half maximal lethal concentration (LC50) of Ni2+ and Tebuconazole were 4.2, 39.1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) were 61.4 in Ni2+ and 3.1 in Tebuconazole, respectively. These results reveals that Ni2+ and Tebuconazole suppress the development of Black-spotted pond frog embryos at the low concentration as showing teratogenic effects in other assay system. Therefore, teratogen assay system using the Rana nigromaculata embryos could be useful as a tool to evaluate the toxicity of the pollutants in environment.

PCB가 산개구리의 난자성숙과 프로제스테론 생성에 미치는 영향

고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ),이두표 ( Doo Pyo Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 2004 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.17 No.1

살균제 Tebuconazole이 한국산 개구리류(두꺼비, 청개구리, 참개구리) 배아 발달에 미치는 영향

이해범,고선근,Lee, Hae-Bum,Ko, Sun-Kun 한국환경생물학회 2021 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.39 No.3

국내에 서식하는 개구리들의 배아를 이용하여 살균제인 tebucoanzole의 독성을 파악하기 위해 FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) 기법에 따라 두꺼비(Bufo gargarizans), 청개구리(Hyla japonica), 참개구리(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)의 배아를 배양하면서 tebuconazole의 효과를 probit 분석법으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, tebuconazole의 농도에 의존하여 유생의 체장 길이는 감소하고 치사율과 기형률은 증가하였으며 tebuconazole의 teratogenic concentration (EC₅₀)은 각각 34.4, 10.6, 14.9 mg kg^-1을 나타내었고 embryo lethal concentrations (LC₅₀)은 75.4, 38.2, 39.6 mg kg^-1 을 나타내었다. Teratogenic index (TI=LC₅₀/EC₅₀)는 각각 2.19, 3.58, 2.65을 나타내어 두꺼비, 청개구리, 참개구리 배아 발달에 최기형성 물질로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 tebuconazole은 낮은 농도에서 개구리 배아의 발달에 민감하게 반응하였으며 치사율, 기형률, 성장률, 기형양상 등을 기존의 연구들과 비교하였을 때 유사한 결과를 나타내어 국내 서식하는 개구리류 배아발달에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 종에 따라 치사율 및 기형률, 기형양상 등의 차이를 나타내는 원인 등을 명확히 파악하기 위해서 종 특이적 특성 등을 규명하는 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 여겨진다. In this experiment, we investigated the toxicity of tebuconazole (fungicide) using domestic frog embryos, along the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Bufo gargarizans, Hyla japonica, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus embryos were incubated, and investigation of the tebuconazole effect was performed by the probit analysis. As a result, depending on the concentrations of tebuconazole, the mortality and malformation rates were increased and larval body length was decreased. The teratogenic concentrations (EC₅₀) of tebuconazole were 34.4mg L^-1, 10.6mg L^-1, and 14.9mg L^-1, respectively, and the embryo lethal concentrations(LC₅₀) of tebuconazole were 74.7 mg L^-1, 38.5 mg L^-1, and 39.1 mg L^-1, respectively. The teratogenic index (TI) valuesof tebuconazole were 2.19, 3.58, and 2.65; thus, it showed teratogenicity in embryonic development of these three frogs. These results revealed that in this experiment, tebuconazole suppressed the development of embryos at a relatively low concentration. In addition, mortality, malformation ratios, malformation patterns, and growth rates were similar to the results from the other assay systems. Therefore, tebuconazole was thought to have an effect on the embryo development of domestic frogs. In future, it will be necessary to identify species specificity in order to the clarify the causes of differences in mortality, malformation rate, and malformation patterns depending on the species.

두꺼비(Bufo gargarizans) 정소주기에 관한 연구

박세화 ( Se Hwa Park ),고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.4

In order to determine the testicular cycle of the Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans, adult males of the species were captured around Jeongeup city (Jeollabuk-do, Korea) during March, 2012 to February, 2013 and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and the changes of germ cells in their testes were investigated throughout the year. The study indicated that the spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubule of testes began in April and became most active in July. The recorded GSI was the highest and the cross area of seminiferous tubule was the widest in this period. The seminiferous tubules at the post spawning stage appeared in February, the largest amounts occurred in March and primary spermatogonia also appeared in this period. The GSI and the cross area of seminiferous tubules were found to be the lowest in March, indicating a testicular cycle with potentially continuous spermatogenic process. According to the findings above, it is confirmed that testicular spermatogenesis takes place actively between April to July in male Asian toad and that their breeding season is February to March.

한국산개구리(Rana coreana) 난소주기에 관한 연구

신정민 ( Jung Min Shin ),고선근 ( Sun Kun Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.28 No.3

In order to determine the ovarian cycle of Korean brown frog, Rana coreana, the developmental stage based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), size of follicle oocytes in ovary and vitellogenesis for adult females were investigated all around the year. The weight of ovary and GSI were the lowest from March to May, and all follicle oocytes existed in the pre-vitellogenic form, indicating that the vitellogenesis was suspended. The follicle oocytes in early-vitellogenic stage appeared in ovary during June when the weight of ovary and GSI started to increase, and the follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic and pre-vitellogenic stages existed during August and the weight of ovary and GSI also increased. This indicates that vitellogenesis has been carried out actively during this period. The follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic stage and late-vitellogenic stage when the vitellogenesis was also completed existed between September and November. Post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes after vitellogenesis started to appear from December in hibernation, and the full grown follicle oocytes existed during February, indicating the ovarian cycle that all follicle oocytes in ovary are developed separately, not synchronized, during the growing period of follicle oocytes and the post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes are maintained the ovulation period.