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天野利武,茂野滿 京城帝國大學法文學部 1933 京城心理學彙報 Vol.2 No.1
This is an experimental study on the factors having some influence upon the perception of visual size as might be the case when the background is thoroughly excluded. Experiments were, therefore, made in a dark room and lighted figures were given as stimuli. Subjects were required to compare the relative size of two simple geometrical figures of the same kind. They are circles, squares and rectangles respectively. The ratio of two figures to be compared was made constant : the smaller one was fixed at a certain distance from the subject and the larger one was so adjusted as is seen by him just as equal with the nearer and objectively smaller one. Under these conditions was investigated the function of parallax, convergence and accommodation as subjective factors on one hand, and of relative brightness, relative size and relative distance of two figures as objective on the other hand. The results obtained show that each of these factors could have effect on the perception of visual size in proportion to the degree of their direct or indirect bearing on depth perception of objects. In addition, a fact of interest was noticed with reference to the relation between forms of stimulus figures and their visual size, i. e. the degree of inconsistency of the change of relative visual size with that of relative visual angle of two compared objects, caused by change of their relative distance, varies according to the forms of the objects. If the term "constancy of visual size" (Sehgro¨ssenkonstanz) taken in its widest sense can be applied in this case, we might say that the phenomena of constancy of visual size have functional relation with the forms of objects. In squares, for example, is shown in our experiments more tendency to constancy than in circles. We can, however, give no sufficient explanation for this fact in connection with perception of depth. It seems that the more comprehensive principle, such as "Gestalt", will be required for this explanation.