업종에 따른 연 취급 사업장의 기중 연 농도 및 연 노출 수준 평가

이병국,김용배,리갑수,안현철,김화성,이용진,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to obtain an useful information for health management and biological monitoring of lead exposed workers, Authors tried to investigate air lead level and the lead exposed level of workers in lead industry according to occupational category. The subjects in our study were 2074 workers in 7 lead-using industries, and study subjects were divided into 4 occupational categories such as storage battery industry (type 1), primary smelting industry (type 2), secondary smelting industry (type 3) and litharge making industry (type 4). Blood zincprotoporphyrin concentration (ZPP), blood lead concentration (PbB) and urinary δ -aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. Personal variables such as age, work duration were also collected. The results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean air lead in 9 lead-using industry was 0.1133±4.3120 ㎎/㎥, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 0.1038±3.4952 ㎎/㎥, 0.0429±3.4329 ㎎/㎥, 0.1877±2.5123 ㎎/㎥ and 0.9961±5.2910 ㎎/㎥, respectively. 2. The mean ZPP in 9 lead-using industry was 53.1±28.0 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 52.0±24.8 ㎍/㎗, 48.0±16.4 ㎍/㎗, 109.8±85.6 ㎍/㎗ and 74.3±37.8 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in ZPP according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose ZPP were above 100 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 4.0%, 1.7%, 34.3% and 21.6%, respectively. 3. The mean PbB in lead-using industry was 26.0±11.2 ㎍/㎗, and that in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 25.3±11.1 ㎍/㎗, 26.7±8.8 ㎍/㎗, 50.3±15.2 ㎍/㎗ and 36.4±11.0 ㎍/㎗, respectively. There was significant difference in PbB according to occupational category (P<0.01). The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above 40 ㎍/㎗ in type 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 10.4%, 7.7% 71.9% and 43.2%, respectively. 4. While the correlation of Hb corrected PbB with ZPP was higher than non corrected PbB, the correlation of log-transformed ZPP with PbB was higher than non corrected ZPP. 5. Simple linear regressions of PbB and corrected PbB as independent variable with ZPP, log-transformed ZPP and ALAU as dependent variable were statistically significant (P0.01). Coefficient of determination of corrected PbB with other variables was higher than non corrected PbB. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of environmental and biological monitoring program was highly recommended for secondary smelting and litharge making industry.

65세 이상의 노령층에서 고지혈증의 위험요인

김용배,장원기,황보영,김화성,안규동,이병국,이용진,김세훈,김승수,김승훈,김영록,김웅빈,이성수 순천향의학연구소 2006 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.12 No.1

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제조에 對한 文獻的 考察

안태규,최병렬,송기철,이용연,유화승,서상훈,최우진,조정효,이연월,손창규,조종관 대전대학교 한방병원 2001 惠和醫學 Vol.10 No.1

In the literatual study on Holotrichia, the results were obtained as follows ; 1. Holotrichia is larva of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates etc. powder or liquor of Holotrichia is used medically. 2. Appearance of Holotrichia is shape of kidney, yellowish color. 3. The oriental characters of Holotrichia is warm, toxicant, salty. 4. The significant efficancy of Holotrichia is breaking the stagnant blood. 5. Holotrichia can be applied to the diseases related to thrombosis, and recover the demage of liver. 6. Holotrichia avails Liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Liver cirrhosis, Hepatosplenomegaly, Hepatoma etc.

면역방사계수법을 이용한 Thyroglobulin 측정시 항 Thyroglobulin 항체의 존재가 미치는 영향

안병철,배진호,정신영,박호용,김정국,하승우,이재태,김보완,이규보 대한내분비학회 2004 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.19 No.1

연구배경: 혈청 thyroglobulin (Tg)은 옥소전신스캔과 함께 분화갑상선암환자에서 갑상선암 재발에 대한 추적관찰에 매우 예민하고, 중요한 표지자로 임상에서 널리 이용된다. 그러나 많은 수의 분화갑상선암환자는 Tg 항체인 항 Tg 항체를 가지고 있고, 이는 방사면역검사법 (radioimmunoassay) 및 면역방사계수 검사법(immunoradiometric assay)으로 Tg 측정시 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 연자들은 면역방사계수법으로 Tg를 측정할 경우, 항 Tg항체에 의하여 어떤 영향이 생길수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 이중위치 고상법 (solid phase two-site)법을 이용하는 ELSA-hTg in vivo test (CIS international, Schering, France) 시약을 이용하여 Tg를 측정하였다. Tg과 항 Tg 항체는 검사시약에 포함된 표준용액을 사용하였으며, Tg는 두 가지 농도 (23.5 ng/mL, 62.5 ng/mL)로, 항 thyroglobulin 항체는 세 가지 농도(25U/mL, 50U/mL, 100U/mL)로 이용하였다. Tg가 높게 나타나는 환자의 혈청에 항 Tg 항체가 높게 나타나는 환자의 혈청을 혼합하여 동일한 방법으로 Tg 검사를 시행하였다. 통계학적 분석은 ANOVA와 Scheffe test 및 Quadratic regression modeling을 시행하였다. 결과: 면역방사계수법을 이용한 Tg 측정시 항 thyroglobulin 항체가 존재하는 경우 그 값이 낮게 측정되었다. Tg 농도가 23.5 ng/mL인 표준용액이 항 Tg 항체의 농도가 0, 25, 50 및 100U/mL 경우, 각각 24.5±1.1, 11.8±0.4, 7.7±0.1 및 4.5±0.4ng/mL로 측정되었으며, Tg 농도가 62.5 ng/mL인 표준용액은 각각 65.9±5.7, 36.3±2.2, 23.7±0.7, 및 14.0±1.0 ng/mL로 측정되었다(ANOVA test, p=0.000). 항 Tg 항체에 의한 Tg 측정값의 저하 정도는 항 Tg 항체의 농도에 비례하는 것으로 나타났다 (Quadratic model regression, SigT=0.000). 결론: 분화갑상선암환자에서 항 Tg 항체의 존재는 면역방사계수법을 이용한 혈청 Tg 측정으로 갑상선암 재발을 파악하는데 방해하는 인자로 작용될 수 있으며, Tg 측정시 항 Tg 항체의 측정이 꼭 필요하며, 항 Tg 항체를 가진 분화갑상선암환자에서 Tg 수치를 해석할 경우 세심한 주의가 요구된다. Background: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a valuable and sensitive tool needed in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but antithyroglobulin antibody (Anti-Tg), common in patients with DTC, can interfere with the assay for Tg. In this study, we evaluated the influence of Anti-Tg on the measurement of Tg using the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Methods: In using ELSA-hTg in vivo test (CIS international, Schering, France), a solid phase two-site IRMA was used to measure Tg (23.5 ng/mL, 62.5 ng/mL) under the absence or presence of three concentrations of Anti-Tg (25U/mL, 50U/mL, 100U/mL). We also performed Tg measurement using patients serum that was mixed with patients serum containing high Anti-Tg. ANOVA and Scheffe tests were performed to evaluate the effect of Anti-Tg on Tg IRMA, and an inverse regression was made to calculate the level of Tg from measured Tg and used Anti-Tg levels and also to assess the degree of effect of anti-Tg on Tg IRMA. Results: In measuring Tg using the standard solution, the presence of Anti-Tg resulted in a falsely suppressed Tg value. The IRMAs for 23.5ng/mL of the standard Tg solution resulted in 24.5±1.1 ng/mL under no Anti-Tg, 11.8±0.4 ng/mL under 25U/mL of Anti-Tg, 7.7±0.1 ng/mL under 50U/mL of Anti-Tg, and 4.5±0.4 ng/mL under 100U/mL of Anti-Tg. IRMAs 62.5 ng/mL of the standard Tg solution resulted in 65.9±5.7 ng/mL under no Anti-Tg, 36.3±2.2 ng/mL under 25U/mL of Anti-Tg, 23.7±0.7 ng/mL under 50U/mL of Anti-Tg, and 14.0±1.0 ng/mL under 100U/mL of Anti-Tg. (ANOVA test, p=0.000). The degree of suppression of the measured Tg value was positively correlated with the Anti-Tg level (Quadratic model regression, Sig T=0.000). The presence of Anti-Tg also resulted in a falsely suppressed Tg value for the Tg measurement using patient's serum. 2004). Conclusion: The presence of Anti-Tg could consist of the use of Tg as a tumor, therefore Anti-Tg should be measured in all patients diagnosed with DTC. The interpretation of the Tg level must be performed with extreme caution in patients with Anti-Tg (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 19:42∼47, 2004)

연작업자들에서의 δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 유전형질의 다형성이 신기능에 미치는 영향

안익수,황보영,김용배,리갑수,이성수,장봉기,함정오,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 2001 순천향산업의학 Vol.7 No.1

δ-aminolevulinic acid hehydratase (ALAD) is a polymorphic enzyme that has two alleles, ALAD1 (ALAD1-1 as phenotype) and ALAD2 (ALAD1-2 or ALAD2-2 as phenotype). ALAD genotype has been reported to modify the toxicokinetics of lead. To investigate the influence of ALAD genotype polymorphism on renal function in lead workers, author studied 1022 male lead workers and 149 non lead workers in the same industries. For the cross-sectional renal function indices, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein were selected. Blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin were also measured as indices of lead exposure. Information on weight, age, job duration, smoking & drinking history were collected. Following results are as follows: 1. Whereas the mean (standard deviation) of blood lead and blood ZPP of lead workers were 27.2±12.5 ㎍/㎗ and 57.7±37.8 ㎍/㎗, those of non-lead workers in the same premises were 14.9±6.5 ㎍/㎗ and 44.6± 15.8 ㎍/㎗ respectively. The difference of mean blood lead and blood ZPP between two groups were statistically significant. 2. Whereas the prevalence of the variant allele, ALAD2 in 1022 lead workers was 10.2 %, the prevalence of that in 149 non-lead workers was 7.4 %. But there was no difference of prevalence between two groups. 3. The mean±standard deviation of blood lead of subjects with ALAD1 was 25.5± 12.7 ㎍/㎗ and was slightly lower than that of subjects with ALAD2 (26.5±10.9 ㎍/㎗), and the mean±standard deviation of blood ZPP of subjects with ALAD1 was slightly higher than that of subjects with ALAD2 (56.7±37.3 ㎍/㎗ vs 48.9±18.6 ㎍/㎗). But the differences of blood lead and blood ZPP between two genotypes were not statistically significant. 4. There were no differences of cross-sectional renal function indices (BUN, serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein) either by lead workers and non-lead workers or two genotypes. 5. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on BUN after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of BUN in ALAD2 subjects was 0.629 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with a weak statistical significance (p=0.07). But in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of BUN revcaled that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 32% less likely to have median value or more of BUN than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.618 (95% confidence interval 0.411-0.920). 6. In multiple regression analysis of ALAD genotype on serum creatinine after controlling for possible confounders (sex, weight, job duration, smoking and drinking status), the mean of serum creatinine in ALAD2 subjects was 0.0271 ㎎/㎗ lower than ALAD1 subjects with statistical significance (p=0.02). On the other hand, in logistic analysis of ALAD genotype on median value of serum creatinine revealed that subjects of ALAD2 genotype were 30% less likely to have median value or more of scrum creatinine than subjects of ALAD1 with odd ratio of 0.700 (95% confidence interval 0.442-1.080). With the above results, it was found that the variant allcle, ALAD2 appeared to modify the association of lead and renal function and ALAD2 genotype may be supportive for the protective effect of lead.

Ion Beam을 이용한 Ni-Co-Cu Alloy Thin Film의 Dry Etching에 관한 연구

안정식,장문식,이규용 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Much effort has been made worldwide in dry etching of new thin film by IBE, IRE, ECR etc. In this study, dry etching of Ni-Co-Cu alloy thin film grown by IBD on a glass substrate was performed using Ar^(+) or N_(2)^(+) ions of 2KeV as a function of ion dose by high current DuoPigatron type ion source. The experimental results showed that surface morphology of the Ar^(+) beam etched PR was rough at 2KeV energy, but the N_(2)^(+) beam etched was smoother. It could be surmised that an increase in the atomic radius was correlated to an increase in the energy of the bombarding ions, which leaded to damaged PR layer due to the thermal phenomena, such as thermal spike, cascade, etc. in PR surface. As the result, pattern were destroyed partially with the melted and flowed over area. Dry etching of the thin film, in turn, was more successful in N_(2)^(+) beam etching than in Ar^(+) beam and it seemed that N_(2) ion was more effective in removing the currently used PR. Observed results from SEM showed that the resolution was increased with increasing N_(2) ion dose up to 3.6X10^(19) ions/cm^(2) at 2KeV, beyond this proper ion dose the resolution was decreased and leaded the damaged pattern.

광주시민의 절화 구매성향에 관한 조사연구

안규빈,송부용 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2002 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.-

광주지역의 성별, 나이에 따른 꽃 소비 현황을 파악하기 위하여 조사한 결과 남녀노소를 불문하고 1년 중 꽃 구매를 가장 많이 하는 달은 5월로 나타났다. 꽃 구매가격은 조사대상 거의 대부분이 오만원 이하의 꽃을 구매하는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃 구매의 목적은 가장 많은 것이 생일 축하용이었으며 다음이 사랑을 표현하기 위한 것으로 대부분이 선물용으로 이용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 화종 별 꽃 구매순위는 전체 조사 계층에서 장미가 1위로 나타나 가장 좋아하는 꽃으로 조사되었다. 꽃 구매자가 선호하는 화색은 20대와 30대는 빨강색>노랑색>백색의 순으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며 40대 남성은 빨강색>백색>분홍색으로, 40대 여성은 노랑색>빨강색=보라색의 순으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 꽃 크기별 구매선호도는 남성은 장미 등 보통 크기의 꽃 구매 비율이 가장 많았고 여성의 경우는 안개꽃 같은 작은 꽃 구매비율이 가장 높았다. 꽃 구매 방법은 꽃 구매자 대부분이 꽃집을 직접 방문하여 구매하는 것으로 조사되었으며 여성들은 전화를 이용하는 비율이 남성에 비하여 높았으나 20대 남성은 인터넷을 이용한 꽃 구매도 하고있는 것으로 조사되었다. Preference of the cut flowers by the sex and age of the buyer and purchase characteristics were surveyed in Kwang-ju district. Cut flower consumers were grouped into male and female and into three groups by their ages, which are from 20 to 30, from 30 to 40 and 40 to 50. The cut flower consumption reached as highest in May. The flower purchase price appeared less than 50,000 won. Flowers were generally purchased for gifts(about 97%), special occasions such as birthday and wedding. Rose was most favored regardless of buyer sex or age. Red color was the most favored in woman group. Small size flower such as Gypsophylla was most favored. Most of flowers (about 80%) are now sold by specialized outlets or shops, and 20% will find its way to consumers by means of internet shopping.

플라톤의 체육사상에 관한 논의(Ⅰ) : 「국가」를 중심으로

안용규 韓國體育大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Idealism which has negatively influenced the progress of Physical Education up to now has lead to the belief that Plato's philosophical views causes people to be biased toward Physical Education. This study attempts to clearly understand Plato's philosophical view based on his book [the Republic], to mitigate contradictions associated with his view, and to promote his sport philosophy. The following results were obtained: 1. Idealism in the context of Physical Education pursues man of harmony and places more importance on the spirit(soul, mind, self) than on the material world. With the belief in the superiority of the mind where idea is forever immortal and the material world is like a temporary shadow, Idealism suggests that Physical Education cannot intellectually become a field of great value. Therefore, its view is said to negatively influence the progress of Physical Education. Yet, it is recognized that courage, honesty, morality, sportsmanship and more can be gained through physical activities. However, with the exception of certain views, Plato's theory of Idea is said to have a negative influence on Physical Education. According to Plato's [The Republic] and Nettleship's [Plato's Education], Plato's educational goals absolutely valued Aesthetic Education and Physical Education together as the basic education for man's Soul Education. Actually, Plato's thoughts about Physical Education has an important place in the field of Physical Education because of the classical philosophers, he is the first sport philosopher to highly value Physical Education. 2. In order to become a philosopher who is aware of the Virtue of Idea proposed by Plato, one must be well educated with respect to Aesthetic Education and Physical Education. Through such education, the ideal man of virtuous beauty who can dictate Kalogathos is cultivated. Also, in order to form a nation and rule it wisely, Four Virtues are needed. Through body exercise, Physical Education performs the role of developing the Virtue of courage. 3. With respect to female education, Plato suggested that Poetry Education(Aesthetic Education and Physical Education) that is provided to men must equally be provided to women. Therefore, feministic thoughts are included in female education, and it is suggested that women or male guard's wives must receive Physical Education to allow them to participate as guards and to participate in a war and that this does not contradicts nature's ways. Also, female education proposes that women should be selected not only as guards but also as legislators, stressing the need for Physical Education along with Poetry Education. As a result, the best men and women can rule to form the Ideal Nation. 4. From the point of view of Plato's Soul Education, focus is placed on Aesthetic Education more than on Physical Education. However, since Physical Education is recognized as a prerequisite for Soul Education, Physical Education clearly consists of a psychosomatic body unit of thoughts. 5. Because today's Physical Education uses the human body as a medium, it is true that the body has a very important meaning as a basic term for defining Physical Education. However, since the ultimate purpose of Physical Education is the progress of the human mind, Physical Education must focus its research on the progress of the human mind, as well as of the body.

외상성 횡격막 손상

안성국,이상목,이기형,고석환,김용호,박호철,고영관,조규석 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Fifty two cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries that we have experienced from Jan. 1973 to Oct. 1994 were evaluated. The following results were obtained. The age of the patient was ranged from 1 to 74 years. Male was 38 and female was 14 in number with a ratio of 2.7 : 1. The traumatic diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 35 cases(motor vehicle accident 25, fall down 8, press 1, kick by fight 1) and penetrating trauma in 17 cases(stab wound 15, shot wound 1, explosion 1). In the blunt trauma, the preoperative diagnosis of the diaphragmatic injury was possible in 25 out of 35 cases(71%) and in the penetrating trauma, 15 out of 17 cases(88%). In the blunt trauma, the repture site was located in the left in 22 cases(63%) and in the right in 13 cases(31%). In the penetrating trauma, the rupture site was located in the left in 9 cases(53%) and in the right in 8 cases(47%). In the blunt trauma, 20 cases(63%) were treated within 24 hours and in the penetrating, 15 cases(88%) within 24 hours. In the blunt trauma, the herniated organs into the thorax were stomach(7), omentum(6), spleen(6), liver(5), colon(4), small bowel(2) and in the penetrating, stomach(7), colon(6), omentum(3), liver(2), and spleen(1) were herniated. Injury severity score(ISS) of 35-blunt trauma ranged from 11 to 66 with mean value of 30.6. Mean ISS of survivors and nonsurvivors was 27.6 and 52.7 respectively. The diaphragmatic repair of 49 cases was performed with thoracic approach in 23 cases, thoracoabdominal approach in 7 cases and abdominal approach in 19 cases, and 3 cases were not operated. The postoperative complication and mortality were developed in 16 out of 49 cases(33%) and in 5 cases(9.6%) respectively, and the causes of death were hypovolemic shock(1), combined head injury(2), asphyxia(1), and pulomnary edema and renal failure(1). In conclusion, the injuries of the diaphragm should be suspected in all patients with severe blunt trauma or penetrating injuries at thorax and upper abdominal area near the diaphragm. All of the cases had associated injury and most of deaths were related to the severity of associated injuries.

직업적 연폭로가 일부 신경행동학적 검사수행에 미치는 영향

안익수,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,최은,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to investigate that blood lead levels of lead exposed workers is associated with decreased performance in neurobehavioral tests in adults, we investigate 78 workers in a battery industry. Three items among neurobehavioral core test battery of World Health Organization, including digit span, Santa ana dexterity, digit symbol were administered to workers occupationally lead exposed workers by operational guide for the WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Blood lead (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood (ZZP) were selected as an index of lead exposure. Detailed occupational history such as exposed agent, age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits, were recorded as confounding factors. After controlling age, the results of digit span and digit symbol among the neurobehavioral tests were significant contributed by PbB.