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Dynamic analysis and control strategy of wet clutches during torque phase of gear shift
Yanxiao Fu,Yanfang Liu,Liangyi Cui,Xiangyang Xu 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.4
Control over the clutch during gear shift is the key technique in automatic transmission shift control and this control largely decides the shift quality. The engagement of the on-coming clutch and the disengagement of the off-going clutch should be controlled synchronously and accurately to achieve a smooth shift. Optimal control of clutch torque exchange phase is required to achieve this synchronous and accurate control. Shift quality can be easily influenced with inappropriate control parameters because of the many factors that affect the torque phase, as well as the use of closed-loop control. In this study, a dynamic model of frictional clutch with electro-hydraulic shift control is built. On the basis of the study of the influence of clutch-related parameters, an optimal control model is proposed with the closed-loop control together with an adaptive control method based on micro-slip clutch control. This control method can continually self-adjust control parameters to prevent shock, improve control precision and effectively reduce the calibration work after. Test result shows that this closed loop with adaptive method ensures consistently good shift quality.
Nattokinase Crude Extract Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth in Mice
( Yongmin Yan ),( Yanjing Wang ),( Jiali Qian ),( Sihui Wu ),( Yi Ji ),( Yanxiao Liu ),( Jian Zeng ),( Aihua Gong ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.8
Nattokinase (NK, E.C. 3.4.21.62) is a serine protease produced by Bacillus subtilis natto that shows promise for the treatment of thrombotic disease. In this study, we assessed the effects of NK on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a principal malignancy of the liver that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Crude extracts of NK (NCE) were isolated from fermentation medium by centrifugation and separated into three fractions (< 10 K, 100~30 K and >30K). Orthotopic HCC mouse models were established and NCE was administered by oral gavage. H&E staining was performed to examine the pathology of HCC livers. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate FOXM1, CD31, CD44 and vimentin expression in the liver. Compared to PBS groups, NCE increased the survival rates of HCC-bearing mice to 31% and decreased ascites. Low-intensity ultrasound imaging showed that the hypoechoic mass area was lower in NCE-treated mice and that tumor growth significantly decreased. IHC staining showed that the expression of FOXM1 was inhibited by NCE treatment. Immunofluorescence results revealed lower levels of CD31, CD44 and vimentin in the NCE groups. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NCE from Bacillus subtilis natto improves survival and inhibits tumor growth in HCC mice.