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( Wan Ryung Lim ),( So Young Hong ),( Chae Bong Kim ),( Jeong Hoon Kim ),( Hye Yung Yum ),( Ho Jang Kwon ),( Kyoo Sang Kim ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased over the past decades. AD is a very common chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease in childhood. We attempted to investigate the prevalence, severity and risk factors for AD as determined by an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based questionnaire and also determined by dermatologist among young children at child care centers in Seoul, Korea. A total of 3,262 children on autonomous 25 districts in Seoul Metro City were enrolled. ISAAC questionnaires containing the prevalence of AD symptoms in the last 12 months were distributed to 50 child care centers and subject`s parents responded to the questions. Dermatologists visited 50 child care centers to screen AD and to conduct SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis), Skin prick test for 4 common inhalant allergens [Dermatophagoides farinae(Der f1), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Der p1), cockroach, dog, cat]. The prevalence of AD symptoms during the last 12 months determined by ISAAC questionnaire and the prevalence determined by dermatologist were 31.8% and 12.8%, respectively. Sensitization to house dust mite allergen such as Der f1(49.8%) and Der p1(45.2%) was the highest, followed by cat allergen(5.7%), dog allergen(5.5%), and cockroach allergen(3.8%). To investigate the association between severity of AD and other factors children were classified into two groups, less than median(n=213) and over median(n=205), based on SCORAD median index 20.5. According to multiple logistic regressions models, the risk of over median group was higher in increasing age (OR=1.86; 95% CI:1.049-3.312, p=0.034), having family history of atopic disease (OR=1.27; 95% CI:0.850-1.898, p=0.243) and sensitization on the skin prick test (OR=1.09; 95% CI:0.722-1.632, p=0.694). In conclusion, the prevalence of AD determined by ISAAC questionnaire was higher than the prevalence determined by dermatologist. The severity of AD was associated with increasing age, having family history of atopic disease and positive reaction to inhalant allergen on the skin prick test. This is the first SCORAD and Skin prick test study in Korean children as young as 0-5 years conducted by dermatologist to evaluate the severity of AD.
임수길,김정윤,임완령,손홍지,이기영,Lim, Soo-Gil,Kim, Joung-Yoon,Lim, Wan-Ryung,Sohn, Hong-Ji,Lee, Ki-Young 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of major public health threats. Since secondhand smoke is complex mixture of toxic chemicals, there has been no standardized method to measure SHS quantitatively. The purpose of this manuscript was to review various quantitative methods to measure SHS. There are two different methods: air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring methods include exhaled carbon monoxide level, ambient fine particulates, nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine. Measurement of fine particulates has been utilized due to presence of real-time monitor, while fine particulates can have multiple indoor sources other than SHS. Ambient nicotine and 3-EP are more specific to SHS, although there is no real-time monitor for these chemicals. Biological monitoring methods include nicotine in hair, cotinine in urine, NNK in urine and DNA adducts. Nicotine in hair can provide chronic internal dose, while cotinine in urine can provide acute dose. Since biological monitoring can provide total internal dose, identification of specific exposure source may be difficult. NNK in urine can indicate carcinogenicity of the SHS exposure. DNA adducts can provide overall cancer causing exposure, but not specific to SHS. While there are many quantitative methods to measure SHS, selection of appropriate method should be based on purposes of assessment. Application of accurate and appropriate exposure assessment method is important for understanding health effects and establishing appropriate control measures.
Soyoung Hong,Dong Koog Son,Wan Ryung Lim,Sun Hang Kim,Hyunjung Kim,Hye Yung Yum,Hojang Kwon 환경독성보건학회 2012 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.27 No.-
Objectives: Childhood allergic diseases are a major concern because they lead to a heavy economic burden and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and the comorbidity of allergic diseases in Seoul, Korea. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May and October 2010 to evaluate the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, using a questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood group. Each questionnaire was completed by the parent or guardian of a child. Results: In the 31,201 children studied, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms in the past 12 months was 19.3% in children 0 to 3 years of age, 19.7% in children 4 to 6 years of age, 16.7% in children 7 to 9 years of age, and 14.5% in children 10 to 13 years of age (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of asthma in these age groups was 16.5%, 9.8%, 6.5%, and 5.4%, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these age groups was 28.5%, 38.0%, 38.5%, and 35.9%, respectively (p for trend = 0.043). The percentage of subjects with both atopic dermatitis and asthma, both asthma and allergic rhinitis, or both atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis was 2.5%, 4.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid allergic diseases decreased with age (p for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed that the prevalence of some allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, was relatively high in very young children and that all of the principal allergic diseases in children often co-exist.
Hong, So-Young,Son, Dong-Koog,Lim, Wan-Ryung,Kim, Sun-Hang,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Yum, Hye-Yung,Kwon, Ho-Jang The Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology 2012 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.27 No.-
Objectives: Childhood allergic diseases are a major concern because they lead to a heavy economic burden and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and the comorbidity of allergic diseases in Seoul, Korea. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May and October 2010 to evaluate the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, using a questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood group. Each questionnaire was completed by the parent or guardian of a child. Results: In the 31,201 children studied, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms in the past 12 months was 19.3% in children 0 to 3 years of age, 19.7% in children 4 to 6 years of age, 16.7% in children 7 to 9 years of age, and 14.5% in children 10 to 13 years of age (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of asthma in these age groups was 16.5%, 9.8%, 6.5%, and 5.4%, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these age groups was 28.5%, 38.0%, 38.5%, and 35.9%, respectively (p for trend = 0.043). The percentage of subjects with both atopic dermatitis and asthma, both asthma and allergic rhinitis, or both atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis was 2.5%, 4.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid allergic diseases decreased with age (p for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study revealed that the prevalence of some allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, was relatively high in very young children and that all of the principal allergic diseases in children often co-exist.
( Won Jun Choi ),( Ho Jang Kwon ),( So Young Hong ),( Wan Ryung Lim ),( Hyun Jung Kim ),( Jung Hun Kim ),( Chae Bong Kim ),( Kyoo Sang Kim ) 한국피부장벽학회 2014 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.16 No.2
Background: Concerns have emerged about the adverse effect of phthalates on human health. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and atopic dermatitis (AD) in Korean children, focusing on the potential dose.response relationship. Methods: A matched case.control study was conducted from May to October 2012. Subjects from 3 to 6 years of age were recruited from kindergartens and daycare centres in Seoul, Korea. The clinical diagnosis of AD was made by dermatologists. A total of 224 cases and 224 age- and sex-matched controls were included. The levels of two phthalate metabolites [mono(2-ethyl-5-hydrohexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)] of DEHP in urine samples were measured. Results: The effects of DEHP varied by age, and an increased risk for AD was associated with DEHP at age 3 years (odds radio 2?51, 95% confidence interval 1?02.6?20). The association was in the opposite direction in the other age groups although there was no statistical significance. The effects of DEHP on AD was observed differently by the level of the body burden. The predicted risk for AD based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed a nonmonotonous association (U-shaped) between the level of DEHP and the risk of AD. Conclusions: This finding might suggest that the effects of DEHP on AD may be different according to the exposure level or age of the subject. Further longitudinal investigations with a suitable design to investigate the nonmonotonous association should be encouraged.
Association between exposure to antimicrobial household products and allergic symptoms
Soyoung Hong,Ho-Jang Kwon,Won-Jun Choi,Wan Ryung Lim,Jeonghoon Kim,KyooSang Kim 환경독성보건학회 2014 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.29 No.-
Objectives : Antimicrobial chemicals are used in a variety of household and personal care products. Exposure to antimicrobial household products has been hypothesized to lead to allergic diseases in children. Methods : We investigated antimicrobial household product exposure and allergic symptoms in Korean children. An antimicrobial exposure (AE) score was derived. To examine the symptoms of allergic diseases (current wheeze, current rhinitis, and current eczema) in the past 12 months, we used a questionnaire based on the core module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children. Complete data for the analysis were available for 25,805 of the 35,590 (72.5%) children. Results : The prevalence of current allergic diseases was as follows: wheeze, 5.6%; allergic rhinitis, 32.6%; and eczema, 17.7%. The mean (standard deviation) AE score was 14.3 (9.3) (range: 0-40). Compared with subjects with a low AE score (reference), subjects with a high AE score (fourth quartile) were more likely to have symptoms of wheezing and allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for wheezing 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45, p for trend=0.24; aOR for allergic rhinitis 1.30, 95% CI, 1.20-1.40, p <0.01). Conclusions : These findings suggest that frequent use of antimicrobial household products was associated with current wheeze and current allergic rhinitis.