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Investigation on Selective Mechanization for Wet Season Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh
Islam, AKM Saiful,Islam, Md Tariqul,Rahman, Md Shakilur,Rahman, Md Abdur,Kim, Youngjung Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers' field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were $S_1$ = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, $S_2$ = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, $S_3$ = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and $S_4$ = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.
Md. Tariqul Islam,안순영,조수묵,윤해근 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of antibacterial compounds isolated from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) shoots against grapevine crown gall pathogen. The hairy vetch shoot powder was sequentially extracted and screened for antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. Ethyl acetate extract from the hairy vetch shoots was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel. The structures of the compounds were then elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chromatographic assay. Three compounds were isolated and identified as bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (compound 1), diethyl phthalate (compound 2), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (compound 3). The compounds showed potential antibacterial effect as diameters of inhibition zones (7.3 ± 0.3 to 11.2 ± 0.4 mm) against Rhizobium vitis and Bacillus subtilis. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of these compounds against the target bacteria were found to range from 62.5 to 125 and 125 to 250 μg·mL-1, respectively. The compounds also showed bactericidal activity based on the viable counts of the tested strain. These findings indicate that the isolated compounds could be used as possible candidates for control of crown gall disease in grapevines caused by R. vitis.
Investigation on Selective Mechanization for Wet Season Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh
( Akm Saiful Islam ),( Md Tariqul Islam ),( Md Shakilur Rahman ),( Md Abdur Rahman ),( Youngjung Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers` field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were S<sub>1</sub> = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, S<sub>2</sub> = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, S<sub>3</sub> = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and S<sub>4</sub> = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.
Hasan Mohammad Kamrul,Islam Md. Tariqul,Akter Rojina,Roshni Nasima Akther 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.3
Background: Increasing land demands for food production have led to biodiversity loss and land degradation in the Madhupur Sal forest. Reforestation activities such as agroforestry and woodlot plantation support the conservation of diversity, restoration of forest and prevention of soil erosion in degraded natural Sal forest. Knowing about these reforestation activities, this study is needed to compare the species composition, richness, and soil nutrients of these two plantation activities to the natural Sal forest in the degraded Madhupur Sal forest in Bangladesh. Results: The analysis showed that in between the reforestation activities, the highest Shannon- Wiener index (1.79), evenness (0.60) and Simpson’s index (0.79) were found in the agroforestry site compared to the woodlot plantation site. On the contrary, the highest species richness (n = 14), tree basal area (19.56 m2 ha−1), Margalef’s index (1.96) were recorded in woodlot plantation than in the agroforestry site. We observed that at 0–15 cm depth, soil organic matter (2.39%), total nitrogen (0.14%), available phosphorous (62.67 μg g−1) and exchangeable potassium (0.36 meq/100 g) in agroforestry plots were significantly higher compared to other forest sites. At topsoil (15–30 cm depth), soil organic matter (1.67%) and available phosphorous (21.09 μg g−1) were found to be higher in agroforestry site. Conclusions: Both reforestation approaches improved soil function, although woodlot plantation had the higher species richness. Therefore, plantation activities by the sustainable implementation of these two practices are the best alternative to restore the biodiversity, richness and conserve soil fertility in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh.