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Influence of Repeated Senna Laxative Use on Skin Barrier Function in Mice
( Satoshi Yokoyama ),( Keiichi Hiramoto ),( Yurika Yamate ),( Kazuya Ooi ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.4
Background: Senna, one of the major stimulant laxatives, is widely used for treating constipation. Chronic senna use has been reported to be associated with colonic disorders such as melanosis coli and/or epithelial hyperplasia. However, there is no obvious information on the influence of chronic senna use on organs except for the intestine. Objective: To clarify the influence of senna laxative use on skin barrier function by repeated senna administration. Methods: Eight-week-old male hairless mice received senna (10 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. After administration, we evaluated transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and investigated the bio-markers in plasma and skin using protein analysis methods. Results: Fecal water content on day seven was significantly increased; however, on day 21, it was significantly de-creased after repeated senna administration. In the senna-ad-ministered group, TEWL was significantly higher compared to the control on days seven and 21. Plasma acetylcholine concentration and NO<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup>/NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> were increased on days sev-en and 21, respectively. In skin, tryptase-positive mast cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive cells were increased on days seven and 21, respectively. The in-crease of TEWL on days seven and 21 was suppressed by the administration of atropine and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, respectively. Conclusion: It was suggested that diar-rhea or constipation induced by repeated senna admin-istration caused the impairment of skin barrier function. There is a possibility that this impaired skin barrier function occurred due to degranulation of mast cells via cholinergic signals or oxidative stress derived from iNOS. (Ann Dermatol 29(4) 414∼421, 2017)
Keiji Yokoyama,Ryo Yamauchi,Kumiko Shibata,Hiromi Fukuda,Hideo Kunimoto,Kazuhide Takata,Takashi Tanaka,Shinjiro Inomata,Daisuke Morihara,Yasuaki Takeyama,Satoshi Shakado,Shotaro Sakisaka 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2
Background/Aims: There is a controversy about the availability of invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices in patients with Child-Pugh class C (CP-C) end-stage liver cirrhosis (LC). We have evaluated the validity of invasive treatment with CP-C end-stage LC patients. Methods: The study enrolled 51 patients with CP-C end-stage LC who had undergone invasive treatment. The treatment modalities included endoscopic variceal ligation in 22 patients, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in 17 patients, and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in 12 patients. We have investigated the overall survival (OS) rates and risk factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment. Results: The OS rate in all patients at one, three, and five years was 72.6%, 30.2%, and 15.1%, respectively. The OS rate in patients who received endoscopic treatment and the BRTO group at one, three, and five years was 67.6%, 28.2% and 14.1% and 90.0%, 36.0% and 18.0%, respectively. The average of Child-Pugh scores (CPS) from before treatment to one month after variceal treatment significantly improved from 10.53 to 10.02 (P=0.003). Three significant factors that contributed to death within one year after treatment included the presence of bleeding varices, high CPS (≥11), and high serum total bilirubin levels (≥4.0 mg/dL). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that patients with a CPS of up to 10 and less than 4.0 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin levels may not have a negative impact on prognosis after invasive treatment for esophageal/gastric varices despite their CP-C end-stage LC.
A CPU Usage Control Mechanism for Processes with Execution Resource for Mitigating CPU DoS Attack
Toshihiro Tabata,Satoshi Hakomori,Kazutoshi Yokoyama,Hideo Taniguchi 보안공학연구지원센터 2007 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.1 No.2
In a ubiquitous environment, the hardware resources are limited; thus, an appropriate resource management mechanism is required for guaranteeing its processing activity. However, most operating systems (OSs) lack an access control mechanism for CPU resources to guarantee satisfactory processing and to safeguard the system from malicious attacks that affect the CPU resources, resulting in denial of service (DoS). Access control is not intended for CPU resources, which are important for the execution of a program. As a result, OSs cannot control the usage ratio of CPU resources. In this paper, we propose an access control model for CPU resources based on an execution resource. The proposed model can control the usage ratio of CPU resources appropriately for each user and each program domain. This execution resource can be applied to mitigate DoS attacks. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we describe the results of a basic performance experiment and a DoS simulation experiment employing the Apache web server. From the results, we show that the proposed method can mitigate DoS attacks and does not have bad effects upon the performance of a target service.
Watanabe Takuma,Yokoyama Atsushi,Shimizu Satoshi,Bessho Kazuhisa 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.4
A ranula is a pseudocyst that originates from the sublingual gland after trauma. Acute cases of ranulas that progress rapidly and cause respiratory dis-tress are rare. Holoprosencephaly is a complex brain malformation caused by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. Children with holoprosen-cephaly may experience upper airway obstruction due to the associated dentoalveolar malformations and oromotor dysfunctions. We present the case of an eight-year-old female patient with holoprosencephaly and a plunging ranula that manifested as an acute course due to difficult airway management. She required gastrostomy for oromotor dysfunctions related to feeding and swallowing and difficulty managing oral secretions. The sublingual gland and ranula were removed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, urgent reintubation and close monitoring in the intensive care unit were required due to upper airway obstruction. We successfully managed the patient with close cooperation of a pediatrician and an anesthetist, and no recurrence was observed at the one-year follow-up. A ranula can be caused by trauma to the floor of the mouth in association with lingually inclined mandibular teeth, a type of dentoalveolar compensation seen in maxillary hypoplasia associated with holoprosencephaly. Careful consideration is needed in such cases since airway management can be difficult due to postoperative swelling and oromotor dysfunctions.
Takahiro Nagata,Sadahiro Funakoshi,Daisuke Morihara,Satoshi Shakado,Keiji Yokoyama,Kazuhide Takata,Takashi Tanaka,Atsushi Fukunaga,Ryo Yamauchi,Hiromi Fukuda,Hiroki Matsuoka,So Imakiire,Hideto Sakisak 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.4
Background/Aims: The frequency and details of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify characteristics of NAFLD in patients with IBD.Methods: We retrospectively identified and enrolled patients with IBD diagnosed with or without NAFLD by undergoing abdominal computed tomography (CT) at our institution between 2005 and 2020. The primary endpoint was the complication rate of NAFLD in patients with IBD. Secondary endpoints were the clinical characteristics of nonobese patients with IBD and comorbid NAFLD and their association with nutritional and inflammatory parameters.Results: Twenty-one (21.9%) of 96 eligible patients with IBD also had NAFLD. In nonobese patients (defined as patients with a body mass index <25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), C-reactive protein (CRP; <i>P</i><0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (<i>P</i>=0.018) levels were higher and the albumin level (<i>P</i>=0.005) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI; <i>P</i>=0.002) values were lower in patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD. The PNI value was positively correlated (<i>P</i><0.001) and the CRP level was negatively correlated (<i>P</i>=0.001) with the hepatosplenic ratio. However, in the NAFLD combined group, PNI (<i>P</i><0.05) and CRP values (<i>P</i><0.001) were improved over time after CT imaging by continuing IBD treatment.Conclusions: Worsening nutritional and inflammatory status in IBD patients is associated with complications of NAFLD. Diagnosis of NAFLD in IBD patients using CT imaging might be useful not only for early detection of NAFLD but also in assessing the need for therapeutic intervention for IBD.
Toyota Kazuhiro,Mori Masayuki,Hirahara Satoshi,Yoshioka Shoko,Kubota Haruna,Yano Raita,Kobayashi Hironori,Hashimoto Yasushi,Sakashita Yoshihiro,Yokoyama Yujiro,Murakami Yoshiaki,Miyamoto Katsunari 대한위암학회 2022 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Nutritional problems after gastrectomy affect continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. There have been no studies limited to total gastrectomy, which is particularly prone to nutritional problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors that predict the continuation of postoperative chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We included 101 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy at Hiroshima Memorial Hospital. The effects of 37 factors, including perioperative inflammatory, nutritional, and tumor status, on the persistence of postoperative chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis of preoperative factors, age, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (PNI), controlling nutritional status score, and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of preoperative factors, age (≥74 years) was an independent factor for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19–12.96; P<0.01). In univariate analysis of factors before postoperative chemotherapy, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative weight loss rate, postoperative performance status, PNI, albumin-to-bilirubin index, and NRS-2002 score were significantly associated with the duration of postoperative chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis of factors before postoperative therapy, age (≥74 years) (HR, 5.75; 95% CI, 1.90–19.49; P<0.01) and PNI (<39) (HR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26–8.56; P=0.02) were independent factors for a shorter duration of postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: Age and PNI are useful predictors of postoperative chemotherapy intolerance after total gastrectomy and may determine the treatment strategy and timing of chemotherapy initiation.
Shohei Ooka,Kiyonori Kobayashi,Kana Kawagishi,Masaru Kodo,Kaoru Yokoyama,Miwa Sada,Satoshi Tanabe,Wasaburo Koizumi 대한소화기내시경학회 2016 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.49 No.1
Background/Aims: The diagnostic algorithms used for selecting patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) for capsule endoscopy (CE) or balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BE) vary among facilities. We aimed to demonstrate the appropriate selection criteria of CE and single balloon-assisted enteroscopy (SBE) for patients with OGIB according to their conditions, by retrospectively comparing the diagnostic performances of CE and BE for detecting the source of the OGIB. Methods: We investigated 194 patients who underwent CE and/or BE. The rate of positive findings, details of the findings, accidental symptoms, and hemostasis methods were examined and analyzed. Results: CE and SBE were performed in 103 and 91 patients, respectively, and 26 patients underwent both examinations. The rate of positive findings was significantly higher with SBE (73.6%) than with CE (47.5%, p<0.01). The rate of positive findings was higher in overt bleeding cases than in occult bleeding cases for both BE and SBE. Among the overt bleeding cases, the rate was significantly higher in ongoing bleeding cases than in previous bleeding cases. Conclusions: Both CE and SBE are useful to diagnose OGIB. For overt bleeding cases and ongoing bleeding cases, SBE may be more appropriate than CE because endoscopic diagnosis and treatment can be completed simultaneously.