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Tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to cloransulam-methyl
Soltani, Nader,Shropshire, Christy,Sikkema, Peter H. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.1
The level of tolerance of various market classes of dry bean to cloransulam-methyl is not known. Three field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada during 2007 and 2008 to determine the level of tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to the preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) application of cloransulam-methyl at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ai\;ha^{-1}$. Cloransulam-methyl applied at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ caused between 13 and 23% injury in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean, respectively. Cloransulam-methyl applied at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ reduced the shoot dry weight by between 16 and 28% compared to the untreated control. Cloransulam-methyl applied PRE reduced the height of black bean by 27% and the height of cranberry bean by 25% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and reduced the height of white bean by 19% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 37% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$. Cloransulam-methyl applied PRE reduced the yield of black bean by 29% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 43% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$, reduced the yield of cranberry bean by 43% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$, and reduced the yield of white bean by 36% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 54% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$. Based on these results, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for the PRE and POST application of cloransulam-methyl in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean at the rates evaluated.
Stewart, Christie L.,Nurse, Robert E.,Gillard, Chris,Sikkema, Peter H. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.1
Weed management options for adzuki-bean growers in Ontario, Canada are limited due to few herbicide registrations. Four field trials were conducted at three locations in south-western Ontario in 2007 and 2008 to determine the tolerance of adzuki bean to several preplant-incorporated (PPI), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) herbicides. All the herbicides were applied at the doses registered for use in soybean. The application of pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PPI), flumetsulam, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PRE), and acifluorfen and fomesafen (POST)caused ${\leq}15%$ crop injury; however, the injury was transient and did not reduce the adzuki bean yield. The POST application of cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused ${\leq}23%$ crop injury and reduced the biomass by ${\leq}50%$, but did not reduce the plant height or crop yield. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone (PPI), metribuzin, linuron, pyroxasulfone, and atrazine (PRE), and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl (POST) caused ${\leq}61%$ crop injury. These treatments reduced the biomass, plant height, and crop yield. Based on these results, pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl applied PPI, flumetsulam, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl applied PRE, and acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST might be potential weed management options for weed management in adzuki bean. Cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST will need further evaluation due to phytotoxicity concerns. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI, metribuzin, linuron, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE, and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl applied POST did not have an adequate margin of safety.