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Tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to cloransulam-methyl
Soltani, Nader,Shropshire, Christy,Sikkema, Peter H. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.1
The level of tolerance of various market classes of dry bean to cloransulam-methyl is not known. Three field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada during 2007 and 2008 to determine the level of tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to the preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) application of cloransulam-methyl at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ai\;ha^{-1}$. Cloransulam-methyl applied at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ caused between 13 and 23% injury in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean, respectively. Cloransulam-methyl applied at 17.5, 35, and 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ reduced the shoot dry weight by between 16 and 28% compared to the untreated control. Cloransulam-methyl applied PRE reduced the height of black bean by 27% and the height of cranberry bean by 25% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and reduced the height of white bean by 19% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 37% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$. Cloransulam-methyl applied PRE reduced the yield of black bean by 29% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 43% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$, reduced the yield of cranberry bean by 43% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$, and reduced the yield of white bean by 36% at 35 $g\;ha^{-1}$ and by 54% at 70 $g\;ha^{-1}$. Based on these results, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for the PRE and POST application of cloransulam-methyl in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean at the rates evaluated.
Mehdi Shirazi,Mohammad-Reza Soltani,Zahra Jahanabadi,Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar,Nader Tanideh,Ali Noorafshan 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.11
Purpose: Limited studies have shown antifibrotic effects of pentoxifylline, captopril,simvastatin, and tamoxifen. No comparisons are available of the effects of these drugson prevention of renal and bladder changes in partial urethral obstruction (PUO). Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into six groups (n=7). The sham-operatedrats (group I) only underwent laparotomy and did not receive any treatments. The PUOgroups (group II–VI) received normal saline (PUO+NS), pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg/d;PUO+PEN), captopril (35 mg/kg/d; PUO+CAP), simvastatin (15 mg/kg/d; PUO+SIM),or tamoxifen (10 mg/kg/d; PUO+TAM) by gavage for 28 days. Then, the volume and/orlength of the kidney components (tubules, vessels, and fibrous tissue) and the bladdercomponents (epithelial and muscular layers, fibrous tissue, fibroblast and fibrocytenumber) were quantitatively evaluated on the microscopic sections by use of stereologicaltechniques. Results: The volume of renal and bladder fibrosis was significantly ameliorated in thePUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM, and PUO+TAM groups. Also,the volume and length of the renal tubules and vessels and bladder layers were moresignificantly protected in the PUO+PEN group, followed by the PUO+CAP, PUO+SIM,and PUO+TAM groups. Conclusions: Treatment of PUO with PEN was more effective in the prevention of renaland bladder fibrosis and in the preservation of renal and bladder structures.