The sesquiterpene lactone eupatolide sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL through down-regulation of c-FLIP expression.

Lee, Jongkyu,Hwangbo, Cheol,Lee, Jung Joon,Seo, Juhee,Lee, Jeong-Hyung National Hellenic Research Foundation 2010 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.23 No.1

<P>Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer therapeutics due to its ability to induce apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. However, sensitivity of cancer cells for induction of apoptosis by TRAIL varies considerably. Therefore, it is important to develop agents that overcome this resistance. We show, for the first time, that eupatolide, the sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Inula britannica, sensitizes human breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Treatment with TRAIL in combination with subtoxic concentrations of eupatolide enhanced the TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells, whereas each reagent alone slightly induced cell death. The combination induced sub-G1 phase DNA content and annexin V-staining in MCF-7 cells, which are major features of apoptosis. Apoptotic characteristics induced by the combined treatment were significantly inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor. The sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8 and was concomitant with Bid and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Treatment of eupatolide alone significantly down-regulated the expression of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, enforced expression of c-FLIP significantly attenuated the apoptosis induced by this combination in MCF-7 cells, suggesting a key role for c-FLIP down-regulation in these events. We also observed that euaptolide inhibited AKT phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of Akt by LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, down-regulated c-FLIP expression in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that eupatolide could augment TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by down-regulating c-FLIP expression through the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and be a valuable compound to overcome TRAIL resistance in breast cancer cells.</P>

다년생 과수의 바이오매스 추정을 위한 상대생장식 사례 연구

곽명자(Myeongja Kwak),이종규(Jongkyu Lee),최원태(Wontae Choi),염주희(Juhee Yeom),김은지(Eunji Kim),우수영(Suyoung Woo),이경학(Kyeonghak Lee),이창배(Changbae Lee),이해인(Haein Lee),이용주(Yongju Lee) 한국원예학회 2023 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2023 No.5

Simulation Study of the Disruption Load in KSTAR Device with a Modified Passive Stabilizer

Jongkyu Lee,J. Y. Kim 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.3

The structure of the passive stabilizer system in KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak AdvancedResearch) device was recently modified mainly in relation to the upgrade of the verticalposition control system. Corresponding to this design change in one of the plasma facing components,a simulation study was performed to see how the disruption load and the characteristicsvaried. During the vertical drift phase, the vertical growth rate is shown to be increased by about8 times while the vertical force on the passive stabilizer is reduced by about 5 times for the newpassive stabilizer compared with the old one. Meanwhile, during the thermal and current quenchphase, relatively small differences were observed in the disruption load and characteristics betweenthe two models.

A Checklist of Mushrooms of Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Area (DHSNBCA) of Lao-PDR

JongKyu Lee,DaeHo Kim,Manh Ha Nguyen,Young Jun Bae,Philaxay Manilak 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2021 Journal of Forest Science Vol.37 No.2

Mushroom survey and collection were conducted in the Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Area (DHSNBCA), which is located about 30 km east of Pakse and about 10 km south of the town of Paksong, Champasak Province of Lao-PDR, from from at the early July to October in 2019. During this periods, mushroom specimens were collected from 6 different locations, and then they were identified and classified into 103 species, 74 genera, 37 families, 15 orders and 6 classes by morphological and molecular analyses. The mushrooms belongs to Ascomycota were classified into 10 species, 6 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 2 classes, while those belongs to Basidiomycota were classified into 92 species, 67 genera, 32 families, 11 orders, and 3 classes, respectively. In addition, 1 species of Myxomycota was also identified. Among these mushrooms, the most species-rich families are Marasmiaceae (17.3%), Polyporaceae (13.1%), Mycenaceae (8.9%), Agricaceae (8.3%), Xylariaceae (6.5%), Auriculariaceae (4.8%), Ganodermtaceae (3.6%), Dacrymycetaceae (3.0%), Meruliaceae (3.0%), Russulaceae (3.0%) and comprised 71.4% of the total specimens identified.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic silverfish,Pleuragramma antarcticum(Perciformes, Nototheniidae)

Lee, Jungeun,Lee, Hyoungseok,Lee, Jongkyu,Choi, Jungeun,Park, Hyun Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2015 Mitochondrial DNA Vol.26 No.6

Anti-doping education and dietary supplementation practice in Korean elite university athletes

Jongkyu Kim,Namju Lee,Eung-Joon Kim,Sun-kyung Ki,Jaeryang Yoon,Mi-sook Lee 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41%). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively. Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.

압력재주입 그라우팅 방식을 이용한 보강재의 인발특성

이봉직(Lee Bongjik),김상수(Kim Sangsu),윤준식(Youn Junsik),이종규(Lee Jongkyu) 한국지반환경공학회 2010 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.11 No.10

사면보강 및 기초공법으로 앵커공법, 소일네일공법 및 소구경 말뚝공법 등이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이들 공법은 공통적으로 보강재를 설치한 후 그라우팅을 실시한다. 국내의 경우 중력식과 가압식 그라우팅 방식을 주로 사용하고 있다. 반면, 재주입 그라우팅 방식은 시공장비와 적용 실적의 부족 및 보강효과 검증이 어려워 널리 적용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 재주입 그라우팅은 포스트 그라우팅 방식의 일종으로 그라우트체 주면의 응력을 증대시키고 정착장에 불규칙한 표면을 조성함으로써 그라우트와 지반의 저항을 크게 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 그라우팅 주입 방식에 따른 보강효과를 비교하고, 재주입 그라우팅 방식으로 시공된 보강재의 인발특성을 평가하기 위하여 현장실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 재주입 그라우팅에 따른 인발력 증대를 확인할 수 있었다. Anchor, soil nail, micropile have been widely used for slope reinforcement and foundation. These all methods need grouting work after placing reinforcing member. In domestic case, gravity fill techniques and pressure grouting techniques are mainly used. In contrast the pressure re-injection grouting method is not commonly used because grouting equipment and lack of practical application example is short and the verification of reinforcing effect is difficult. Pressure re-injection grouting is a kind of post grouting which technique increases the radial stresses acting on the grout body and causes irregular surface to be developed around bond length that tends to interlock the grout and the ground. In this study, the field test was performed to evaluate the reinforcing effect with the variation of grouting methods and pullout characteristics of reinforcing member placed by pressure re-injection grouting method. The test results showed that the post-grouting methods were useful to increase the pullout capacity.

적외선 이미지 기반 야간 보행자 인식

이종규(Jongkyu Lee),강선(Sun Kang),박경춘(Jingchun Piao),신현철(Hyunchul Shin) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2012 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 야간에 보행자인식의 성능 향상을 위한 효율적인 인식 방법을 제안한다. 이 논문은 야간에 차량에 비치 된 Thermal Camera를 이용하여 적외선 영상을 얻은 후, 적응적 thresholding, Histogram Equalization, Morphology Operation, Labelling, HOG및 SVM Training 방법을 사용하여 보행자의 인식율을 높이도록 하였다. 3830개의 training 영상을 사용하였으며 실험결과 우수한 인식 결과를 얻었다.

셰일지반에 설치된 MC앵커의 인발특성

이봉직(Lee, Bongjik),김조순(Kim, Josoon),이종규(Lee, Jongkyu) 한국지반환경공학회 2012 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구에서는 복합형 지지방식으로 개발된 MC앵커에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. MC앵커는 선단 정착장치가 확장되어 천공된 공벽에 지압력이 발휘됨에 따라 인발력 증대와 그라우팅이 제대로 이루어지지 않을 경우에도 앵커체가 지반에서 탈락하지 않는 특성이 있다. 또한, 앵커강선과 더불어 보강철근을 삽입하여 인장손실을 감소시키는 동시에 시공성을 높이고 앵커강선의 손실이 발생하였을 때 네일의 역할을 기대할 수 있어 장기적인 안정성 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. 그러나, MC앵커와 같은 복합형 앵커는 마찰형 앵커와 지지구조가 다르기 때문에 지반과 그라우트의 마찰력에 의한 인발력 산정방식은 적합하지 않다. 특히, 국내의 경우에는 복합형 앵커에 대하여 지반특성을 고려한 설계법이 명확하게 정립되어 있지 않아 복합형 앵커의 인발력이 과소 또는 과대 평가되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 복합형 앵커의 일종인 MC앵커의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 강도변화가 심한 셰일지반을 대상으로 총 9개소에서 시험앵커를 시공하여 인발, 인장 및 장기변위를 측정하였다. 또한, 시험결과를 일반 마찰형 앵커의 경우와 비교, 분석하여 MC앵커의 거동 특성을 평가하였으며, 시험결과 셰일층에서 MC앵커는 일반 마찰형 앵커에 비해 인발력 증대효과를 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, the research on MC anchor has been developed as composite type has done. MC anchor exerts bearing pressure on pre-bored hole where the end fixing device is expanded. Therefore, the uplift capacity is to be increased and it has the characteristics that the anchor body is not eliminated from the ground even if the grouting is not carried out properly. Furthermore, it reduces the loss of tension and raises the construction availability by inserting the reinforced bar as well as the anchor cable, while it can improve the long-term stability because the nail is expected to play the role when the loss of the anchor cable is occurred in a long-term. However, because the resistance mechanism of the compound anchor such as MC anchor is different from friction anchor, the estimation method of the uplift capacity by the frictional force of the ground and the grout is not proper. Particularly, in domestic cases, the problem to overestimate or underestimate the uplift capacity is expected because the design method considering the soil characteristics about the compound anchor has not been developed. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the characteristics of MC anchor and a kind of compound anchor, we measured the uplift, the tension and the creep by nine anchors tests in shale ground that the fluctuation of the strength is great. In addition, we analyzed the test result comparing to the result of the general friction anchor and evaluated the characteristics of MC anchor movement to gather the results. As a result of the test, we found the effect that the uplift capacity is increased in shale ground comparing to the general friction anchor.

여자만의 해수유동

이문옥(Lee MoonOck),김종규(Kim JongKyu),이연규(Lee YeonGyu),이대인(Lee DaeIn),최정민(Choi JeongMin),김평주(Kim PyeongJoo) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2006 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.2

여자만내 물질순환기작을 해명할 목적의 하나로 만구를 중심으로 안데라유속계(RCM) 및 도플러유속계(ADCP)를 계류하여 2006년 4월 24일부터 5월 8일, 6월 11일부터 6월 25일까지 각각 15일간 조류관측을 실시하였다. 대조기의 경우, 만구 동쪽에서 조류의 주방향은 북북동~남남서로서, 창조류의 평균유속은 31.9 cm/s인 반면, 낙조류의 평균유속은 43.4 cm/s로, 낙조류가 창조류에 비해 약 11.5 cm/s 정도 더 컸다. 또한, 만구 서쪽에서 조류의 주방향은 북북서~남남동으로서, 창조류의 평균유속은 37.5 cm/s인 반면, 낙조류의 평균유속은 37.7cm/s로, 창조류와 낙조류는 거의 유사하였다. 조석잔차류는 만구 동쪽 정점에서 유속 9.0 cm/s의 남동류, 만구 서쪽 정점에서 유속 1.54 cm/s의 북서류를 나타내어 만구 동쪽의 잔차류가 서쪽의 잔차류에 비해 더 강함을 알 수 있다. 한편, 소조기의 경우, 만구 동쪽에서 조류의 주방향은 남~북으로서, 창조류의 평균유속은 9.7 cm/s인 반면, 낙조류의 평균유속은 7.8 cm/s로, 창조류가 낙조류에 비해 약 1.9 cm/s 정도 더 컸다. 이것은 대조기의 경우 낙조류가 창조류에 비해 더 강했던 것과는 대조적이다. 또한, 만구 서쪽에서 조류의 주방향은 주방향은 북북서~남남동으로서, 창조류의 평균유속은 11.99 cm/s인 반면, 낙조류의 평균유속은 13.6 cm/s로, 낙조류가 창조류보다 약 1.6 cm/s 정도 더 컸다. 조석잔차류는 만구의 동쪽 정점에서 유속 1.5 cm/s의 동북동류, 만구의 서쪽 정점에서 유속 5.3 cm/s의 남동류를 나타내어 대조기와는 정반대되는 결과를 얻었다. 여자만 입구에서 관측된 결과에서는 항류의 크기가 저층에서 2.3cm/s, 유향은 북북서 방향으로 흐르나, 이 흐름은 해저면 4m 지점에서 남서 방향으로 전환하여 표층으로 갈수록 항류의 크기가 7.1 cm/s 로 커지는 현상을 나타내어 여자만내의 저층의 흐름은 유입이 강하나, 표층의 흐름은 유출이 강한 결과를 보여준다.