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( Ralf Fendel ),( David Maurer ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.1
Even among academics, it is less known that Europe already witnessed a monetary unification project in the second part of the 19th century. The unification endeavours culminated in the creation of the Latin Monetary Union in 1865, which eventually failed. This paper compares the historical event of the Latin Monetary Union to the current European Monetary Union. More specifically, it searches for differences and similarities between the two monetary unions. We find that even if the specific problems of a monetary union in the 19th century based on a bimetallic standard do not compare to those of a monetary union these days on a more general level, problems are surprisingly alike. In both monetary unions, we observe a lack of enforceable disciplinary measures, inadequate stability criteria, as well as diverging economic and political interests, consequently leading to extensive free-rider behaviour among member states. The study of the Latin Monetary Union and its disintegration suggests that a monetary union can only prevail within a strong regulatory and disciplining framework sharing an overarching vision of its members towards establishing a common political union.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Bovine Gene for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit
KIM, KYOON E.,DAVID F. GORDON,RICHARD A. MAURER 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1991 생물공학연구지 Vol.1 No.-
The gene for the β-subunit of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-β) was isolated from a library of bovine DNA fragments cloned in bacteriophage λ and the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. The bovine FSH-β gene contains approximately 4000 nucleotides and consists of three exons separated by two intervening sequences. The transcription initiation site of the gene was mapped by nuclease protection experiments. Analysis of RNA species present in pituitary mRNA demonstrated the presence of a 4.0-kb RNA containing FSH-β sequences, which is the appropriate size for the primary transcript of the gene. Comparison of nucleotide sequence of the 5′-flanking sequence of the FSH-β gene to the 5′-flanking regions of other pituitary glycoprotein hormone genes reveals little sequence similarity.