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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : ( Claire He (검색결과 2 건)
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Britto, Sylvia,Leskes, Michal,Hua, Xiao,Hé,bert, Claire-Alice,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Clarke, Simon,Borkiewicz, Olaf,Chapman, Karena W.,Seshadri, Ram,Cho, Jaephil,Grey, Clare P. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.26
<P>Vanadium sulfide VS<SUB>4</SUB> in the patronite mineral structure is a linear chain compound comprising vanadium atoms coordinated by disulfide anions [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP>. <SUP>51</SUP>V NMR shows that the material, despite having V formally in the d<SUP>1</SUP> configuration, is diamagnetic, suggesting potential dimerization through metal–metal bonding associated with a Peierls distortion of the linear chains. This is supported by density functional calculations, and is also consistent with the observed alternation in V–V distances of 2.8 and 3.2 Å along the chains. Partial lithiation results in reduction of the disulfide ions to sulfide S<SUP>2–</SUP>, via an internal redox process whereby an electron from V<SUP>4+</SUP> is transferred to [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP> resulting in oxidation of V<SUP>4+</SUP> to V<SUP>5+</SUP> and reduction of the [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP> to S<SUP>2–</SUP> to form Li<SUB>3</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> containing tetrahedral [VS<SUB>4</SUB>]<SUP>3–</SUP> anions. On further lithiation this is followed by reduction of the V<SUP>5+</SUP> in Li<SUB>3</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> to form Li<SUB>3+x</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> (<I>x</I> = 0.5–1), a mixed valent V<SUP>4+</SUP>/V<SUP>5+</SUP> compound. Eventually reduction to Li<SUB>2</SUB>S plus elemental V occurs. Despite the complex redox processes involving both the cation and the anion occurring in this material, the system is found to be partially reversible between 0 and 3 V. The unusual redox processes in this system are elucidated using a suite of short-range characterization tools including <SUP>51</SUP>V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of X-ray data.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-26/jacs.5b03395/production/images/medium/ja-2015-03395v_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5b03395'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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( Matthieu Grasland ),( Nicolas Turmel ),( Camille Pouyau ),( Camille Leroux ),( Audrey Charlanes ),( Camille Chesnel ),( Frédérique Le Breton ),( Samer Sheikh-ismael ),( Gérard Amarenco ),( Claire He 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.1
Background/Aims External anal sphincter (EAS) plays an important role in fecal and gas voluntary continence. Like every muscle, it can be affected by repeated efforts due to fatigability (physiological response) and/or fatigue (pathological response). No standardized fatiguing protocol and measure method to assess EAS fatigability has existed. The aim is to test a simple, standardized protocol for fatiguing and measuring EAS fatigability and fatigue to understand better the part of EAS fatigability in the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence. Methods Patients with anorectal disorders evaluated with anorectal manometry were included. They had to perform 10 repetitions of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of 20 seconds. Measurement was made with an anorectal manometry catheter and a surface recording electromyography (EMG). The primary outcome was the difference in EMG root mean square between the first and the last MVC. Secondary outcomes were differences in other EMG and manometry parameters between the first and the last MVC. Difficulties and adverse effects were recorded. Results Nineteen patients underwent the fatiguing protocol. All patients completed the entire protocol and no complications were found. No difficulty was declared by the examiner. A significant decrease in root mean square was found between the first and last MVC (0.01020 ± 0.00834 mV vs 0.00661 ± 0.00587 mV; P = 0.002), in maximum anal pressure area under the curve of continuous recordings of anal pressure and mean and total EMG power (P < 0.05). Conclusions This protocol is simple and minimally invasive to measure EAS fatigue and fatigability. We highlighted a fatigue of EAS in many patients with anorectal disorders. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:119-126)
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