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European Economic Integration and the Effectiveness of Employment Policies
( K. C. Fung ),( Chelsea C. Lin ),( Andrea M. Maechler ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2005 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.20 No.3
This paper examines the qualitative impact and the degree of effectiveness of several labor market policies when domestic union`s wage response and economic integration are explicitly taken into account. The employment policies considered include payroll tax cuts, unemployment benefits cuts, aggregate demand expansion and wage subsidies. It is shown that with endogenous wages and an open economy, these policies can in some cases become more potent. But in other instances, they become less effective. In fact, under some conditions derived in this paper, employment policies can even be counterproductive, leading to a drop in domestic employment.
Coronary Artery Dose-Volume Parameters Predict Risk of Calcification After Radiation Therapy
Sarah A. Milgrom,Bibin Varghese,Gregory W. Gladish,Andrew D. Choi,Wenli Dong,Zarana S. Patel,Caroline C. Chung,Arvind Rao,Chelsea C. Pinnix,Jillian R. Gunther,Bouthaina S. Dabaja,Steven H. Lin,Karen E 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.4
BACKGROUND: Radiation exposure increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We explored the association of CAD with coronary artery dose-volume parameters in patients treated with 3D-planned radiation therapy (RT). METHODS: Patients who received thoracic RT and were evaluated by cardiac computed tomography ≥ 1 year later were included. Demographic data and cardiac risk factors were retrospectively collected. Dosimetric data (mean heart dose, dmax, dmean, V50 - V5) were collected for the whole heart and for each coronary artery. A coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston score was calculated on a per-coronary basis and as a total score. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models were generated. The predicted probabilities were used for receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: Twenty patients with a median age of 53 years at the time of RT were included. Nine patients (45%) had ≥ 3/6 conventional cardiac risk factors. Patients received RT for breast cancer (10, 50%), lung cancer (6, 30%), or lymphoma/myeloma (4, 20%) with a median dose of 60 Gy. CAC scans were performed a median of 32 months after RT. CAC score was significantly associated with radiation dose and presence of diabetes. In a multivariable model adjusted for diabetes, segmental coronary artery dosimetric parameters (dmax, dmean, V50, V40 V30, V20, V10, and V5) were significantly associated with CAC score > 0. V50 had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.89, 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery radiation exposure is strongly correlated with subsequent segmental CAC score. Coronary calcification may occur soon after RT and in individuals with conventional cardiac risk factors.