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( Muh Rong Wang ),( Tien Chu Lin ),( Che Jui Yang ),( Yang Sheng Huang ) 한국액체미립화학회 2005 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-
This paper investigates the droplet transport phenomenon in the developing region of the spray injected by the atomizer with internal impinging mechanisms. The characteristics of the spray are measured by a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) and the images are taken by a high speed camera. Instantaneous flow image shows the intermittence of the spray jet as injected with internal impingement. On the other hand, a large-scaled sinusoidal flow structure along the axial direction is observed when the spray jet is injected without internal impingement. Hence flow impingement inside the atomizer has strong effects on the structure of the spray jet because of the enhanced mixing processes between the liquid and gas phases. It turns out that the spray jet with internal impingement has a wider and more uniform distribution. Measurements of the distribution of the spray droplets and volume flux justify the above observation.
Ming-Wun Wong,I-Hsuan Lo,Wei-Kai Wu,Po-Yu Liu,Yu-Tang Yang,Chun-Yao Chen,Ming-Shiang Wu,Sunny H Wong,Wei-Yi Lei,Chih-Hsun Yi,Tso-Tsai Liu,Jui-Sheng Hung,Shu-Wei Liang,C Prakash Gyawali,Chien-Lin Che 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2024 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.30 No.3
Background/AimsIneffective esophageal motility (IEM) is common in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and can be associated with poor esophageal contraction reserve on multiple rapid swallows. Alterations in the esophageal microbiome have been reported in GERD, but the relationship to presence or absence of contraction reserve in IEM patients has not been evaluated. We aim to investigate whether contraction reserve influences esophageal microbiome alterations in patients with GERD and IEM. MethodsWe prospectively enrolled GERD patients with normal endoscopy and evaluated esophageal motility and contraction reserve with multiple rapid swallows during high-resolution manometry. The esophageal mucosa was biopsied for DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3-V4 (Illumina)/full-length (Pacbio) amplicon sequencing analysis. ResultsAmong the 56 recruited patients, 20 had normal motility (NM), 19 had IEM with contraction reserve (IEM-R), and 17 had IEM without contraction reserve (IEM-NR). Esophageal microbiome analysis showed a significant decrease in microbial richness in patients with IEM-NR when compared to NM. The beta diversity revealed different microbiome profiles between patients with NM or IEM-R and IEM-NR (P = 0.037). Several esophageal bacterial taxa were characteristic in patients with IEM-NR, including reduced Prevotella spp. and Veillonella dispar, and enriched Fusobacterium nucleatum. In a microbiome-based random forest model for predicting IEM-NR, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 was yielded. ConclusionsIn symptomatic GERD patients with normal endoscopic findings, the esophageal microbiome differs based on contraction reserve among IEM. Absent contraction reserve appears to alter the physiology and microbiota of the esophagus.