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Cho, Sun-Hee,Kim, Ahreum,Shin, Woojung,Heo, Min Beom,Noh, Hyun Jong,Hong, Kwan Soo,Cho, Jee-Hyun,Lim, Yong Taik Dove Medical Press 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.12 No.-
<P>Injectable and stimuli-responsive hydrogels have attracted attention in molecular imaging and drug delivery because encapsulated diagnostic or therapeutic components in the hydrogel can be used to image or change the microenvironment of the injection site by controlling various stimuli such as enzymes, temperature, pH, and photonic energy. In this study, we developed a novel injectable and photoresponsive composite hydrogel composed of anticancer drugs, imaging contrast agents, bio-derived collagen, and multifaceted anionic polypeptide, poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). By the introduction of γ-PGA, the intrinsic temperature-dependent phase transition behavior of collagen was modified to a low viscous sol state at room temperature and nonflowing gel state around body temperature. The modified temperature-dependent phase transition behavior of collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels was also evaluated after loading of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG), which could transform absorbed NIR photonic energy into thermal energy. By taking advantage of the abundant carboxylate groups in γ-PGA, cationic-charged doxorubicin (Dox) and hydrophobic MnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> magnetic nanoparticles were also incorporated successfully into the collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels. By illumination of NIR light on the collagen/γ-PGA/Dox/ICG/MnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> hydrogels, the release kinetics of Dox and magnetic relaxation of MnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles could be modulated. The experimental results suggest that the novel injectable and NIR-responsive collagen/γ-PGA hydrogels developed in this study can be used as a theranostic platform after loading of various molecular imaging probes and therapeutic components.</P>
Vacuum Non-Vacuum Hybrid Process for Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Thin Film Solar Cell
Yun-Ae Cho,SeJin Ahn,Ara Cho,Jihye Gwak,Seung Kyu Ahn,Jun Sik Cho,Joo Hyung Park,Jin Soo Yoo,Kihwan Kim,Donghyeop Shin,In-Young Jeong,Jae Ho Yun,Soomin Song,Sang-Min Lee,Ahreum Lee,Young-Joo Eo 한국신재생에너지학회 2019 AFORE Vol.2019 No.11
( Ahreum Song ),( Dae San Yoo ),( Mi Yeon Cho ),( Jong Hoon Kim ),( Soo-chan Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1
IgA mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) shares the same clinical feature with MMP; blistering of any or all mucous membranes. Blisters and erosions arise most commonly on oral mucosa followed by ocular, nasal, and genital areas. Histopathological studies demonstrate a subepithelial blister with leukocyte infiltration. The direct immunofluorescence (DIF) reveals a continuous IgA deposition along the basement membrane zone (BMZ), which distinguishes IgA MMP from common MMPs. Also, the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) often confirms the circulation of IgA autoantibodies in the patients. Herein, we describe a case of IgA MMP in a 60-year-old Korean woman. The patient presented with a 2-year history of ulcerations and erosive lesions of oral mucosa and lips. The skin biopsy revealed subepidermal cleft, spongiosis with exocytosis, and dermal neutrophil and eosinophil infiltrations. The DIF showed a linear IgA deposition along the BMZ, and in the IIF, patient’s IgA reacted on the epidermal side. No positive reactions of BMZ antigen were detected by immunoblotting and ELISA of BP180 and BP230 for both IgG and IgA antibodies; therefore it was unable to distinguish between IgA type MMP and linear IgA dermatosis (LAD). Ultimately, since the typical skin lesions of LAD were absent while the bullous lesions were strictly limited to oral mucosae, we have diagnosed this patient as IgA MMP. The patient showed a good response to methylprednisolone alone.
Review of Ongoing Debates and Research Associated with Energy Transition Policy in Korea
( Yongsung Cho ),( Jihyo Kim ),( Ahreum Kim ) 한국환경연구원 2020 環境政策 Vol.28 No.5
The transition to cleaner energy usage is accelerating worldwide in an effort to combat the climate crisis. In Korea, there is a social consensus regarding the cause and direction of energy transition represented by an increase in the utilization of renewable energy, improvement in energy efficiency, and decentralization of control. However, no social consensus has been reached for the means and methods of implementing energy transition policies, nor the pace at which they would take effect. In fact, several issues have been subject to heated political debates. In this study, the major issues associated with Korean energy transition policies were examined in terms of the intensity, pace, and cost of energy transition and its impact on the national economy. In particular, the key points of different claims were examined through an in-depth review of the literature on each topic and quantitative data analyses. Based on this study’s findings, topics are proposed which can help facilitate furthering debates over Korean energy transition policies.
이아름(Ahreum Lee),유진수(Jinsu Yoo),박성은(Sungeun Park),박주형(Joo Hyung Park),안승규(Seungkyu Ahn),조준식(Jun-Sik Cho) 한국태양광발전학회 2021 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.9 No.4
Silicon heterojunction technology (HJT) solar cells have received considerable attention due to advantages that include high efficiency over 26%, good performance in the real world environment, and easy application to bifacial power generation using symmetric device structure. Furthermore, ultra-highly efficient perovskite/c-Si tandem devices using the HJT bottom cells have been reported. In this paper, we discuss the unique feature of the HJT solar cells, the fabrication processes and the current status of technology development. We also investigate practical challenges and key technologies of the HJT solar cell manufacturers for reducing fabrication cost and increasing productivity.
Baek, Ahreum,Kim, Yoon,Lee, Jin Woo,Lee, Sang Chul,Cho, Sung-Rae Cognizant Communication Corp. 2018 CELL TRANSPLANTATION Vol. No.
<P>Osteoarthritis (OA) is degenerative disease, leading to pain and functional disability. It is reported that polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a suitable therapy for OA. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of PDRN in OA are not fully understood. To investigate the effect of PDRN in an <I>in vitro</I> model of OA, interleukin (IL)-1β or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used to treat a human chondrocytic cell line in hypoxic conditions for 24 h (IL-1β group or control group). PDRN was then used to treat IL-1β group cells for 24 h (PDRN group). By Label-Based Human Antibody Array 1000, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiostatin, and endostatin, which were related to angiogenesis, were chosen for further validation studies. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis validated that the levels of PDGF and ANG-2, which were related to pro-angiogenesis, were significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. However, the levels of endostatin and angiostatin, which were related in anti-angiogenesis, were significantly decreased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. In the same manner, vascular endothelial growth factor, which was a mediator of angiogenesis, was significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. Furthermore, wound closure was significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with the control group or the IL-1β group by <I>in vitro</I> scratch assay. Moreover, PDRN decreased expression of metalloproteinase 13, as a catabolic factor for OA, but increased expression of aggrecan, which was an anabolic factor for OA. These data suggest that PDRN may promote angiogenesis and wound healing via down-regulation of catabolism and up-regulation of anabolism in an <I>in vitro</I> model of OA.</P>
Thermal Inactivation of Sodium-Habituated Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Heat Sauces
Park, Ahreum,Lee, Jinhee,Jeong, Sook-Jin,Hwang, In-Gyun,Lee, Soon-Ho,Cho, Joon-Il,Yoon, Yohan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.6
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium habituation on thermal resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in various ready-to-heat (RTH) sauces. The strain mixture of S. aureus strains KACC10768, KACC10778, KACC11596, KACC13236 and NCCP10862 was habituated up to 9% of NaCl. The inocula of NaCl-habituated and non-habituated S. aureus were inoculated in 5 g portions of pork cutlet, meat and Carbonara sauces at 7 Log CFU/g, and the samples were vortexed vigorously. The inoculated samples were then exposed to 60 and $70^{\circ}C$ in a water-bath, and survivals of total bacteria and S. aureus were enumerated on tryptic soy agar and mannitol salt agar, respectively, every 30 min for 120 min. At 60oC, the cell counts of total bacteria and the significant difference in survivals between sodium-habituated and non-habituated S. aureus were observed only in the Carbonara sauce; the tailing effect, which is the period of no reduction of bacterial cell counts, was observed in pork cutlet, meat and Carbonara sauces subjected to $60^{\circ}C$. At $70^{\circ}C$, total bacterial populations and sodium-habituated and non-habituated S. aureus cell counts in meat and Carbonara sauce also significantly decreased (p<0.05) after 30 min of heat treatment, followed by the obvious tailing effect. Sodium-habituated S. aureus cell counts in meat and Carbonara sauces were higher (p<0.05) than those of non-habituated S. aureus at $70^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that sodium habituation of S. aureus cells may increase the thermal resistance of the pathogen in RTH sauces; moreover, heating RTH sauces for a short time before serving may not sufficiently decrease the cell counts of S. aureus, particularly for sodium-habituated strain.