"It gets under your skin": Using process drama to explore race and privilege with undergraduate students

Simons, Sara M New York University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

This qualitative case study examined the use of process drama in an undergraduate Intergroup Dialogue and how the use of this drama-based pedagogy shaped participants' attitudes and understandings about race and privilege. The research focused on the creation of and subsequent reflection on improvised, episodic scenes and images structured around larger themes of socialization and oppression. The process drama utilized in this study involved both students and facilitators in role. This study found that participation in process drama affected participants' attitudes about race and privilege in a number of different ways and to different extents. Participants also experienced and problematized process drama in different ways. Overall, process drama was found to create empathy, to enable reflection on lived experiences, to lead to examination of stereotypes, privilege, and internalized racism, and to create awareness about gaps in students' education. This study found that mechanisms of process drama such as taking on roles of power, simulating the experience of oppression, and using abstract physicalizations to embody emotion all aided a shift in attitudes and understandings about race and privilege. This study examined best practices in race dialogue and multicultural education and posited the use of drama-based pedagogy as an innovative way to engage undergraduates. This study showed process drama to be highly compatible with the needs and goals of multicultural education, and the findings from this study strongly supported the use of this method as a way to engage students both cognitively and affectively with material regarding race, privilege, and systems of oppression.

The acquisition of the English determiner system: Sequence, order and transfer

Simons, George Vincent Temple University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This study is a descriptive study of the interlanguage structures involved in the acquisition of the English determiner system. The data for the study were elicited from thirty native Korean and twenty native Spanish speaking university level second language learners of English who made up four proficiency levels. The instruments used to elicit the data were a bilingual syntax measure and a jigsaw map task. Each subject's performance was audio-recorded and transcribed. All obligatory occasions, nominal expressions, from these data were identified, and all determiners—articles, demonstratives, possessives and quantifiers—were examined. These data were examined to identify first whether there were any regularities in the interlanguage structures that represented a sequence of acquisition. They were examined secondly to determine the order of acquisition of the target language forms. Finally, the data from the native Korean and the native Spanish speakers were compared to ascertain whether the first language influenced the acquisition of the determiners. Four general patterns were found in the interlanguage data and identified as sequences of acquisition. The lowest proficiency learners simplify noun phrases by omitting any determiner. That is followed by a period of indeterminacy as determiners are supplied in inappropriate contexts. Then ‘the’ is overgeneralized in all environments. Finally, as ‘the’ is withdrawn from inappropriate contexts, ‘a’ is used appropriately in specific, referential, indefinite contexts. An order of acquisition was proposed based on the mean accuracy order. WH-determiners and demonstratives are acquired first followed by possessives and then by quantifiers and grammatically bare common nouns. The null article with proper nouns and then cardinal noun combinations follow these. Finally, the definite article is acquired followed by the indefinite article. Language transfer effects were found for the definite, indefinite, and null article as well as for cardinal noun combinations. In each of these areas the Koreans performed markedly worse than the Spanish speakers. The performance of the Korean speakers was attributed to the lack of articles as well as the lack of a count-mass distinction in Korean. The complexity of the Korean classifier system was also cited as a contributing factor.

Tracing Hybrid Collectives of Illness, War, and Medicine in Twentieth- and Twenty-First Century Narratives of Illness

Simons, Barbara J University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

"Varieties of warfare and war-related illnesses, mental and physical," is the red thread that organizes this dissertation. My study compares and contrasts illness narratives (fiction and non-fiction) from modernism and the early twentieth century with texts of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries to better understand the psychologies of war trauma and techniques of narration from opposite sides of the twentieth century. In narratives about traditional and nontraditional warfare, I analyze how the social is deconstructed by the powerful mediators of illness and death and has to be reassembled in new forms of social organization. By tracing real connections across realms of existence normally separated by fields of study, I analyze the connections between medicine, literature, and events related to war and its history. The compelling strength of this dissertation is the comparative breadth of its perspective. In Chapter 1, I juxtapose Virginia Woolf's modernist novel, Mrs. Dalloway, to Vera Brittain's personal memoir, Testament of Youth , to compare fictional and non-fictional narratives about the rich lifeworlds of war-related illness and suffering of World War I. As a Latourian scholar, my focus is on the varieties of hybrid actor networks among soldiers, civilians, and health care providers amidst the reorganization of society for modern war, with its calamitous effects on mental health and physical well-being. Based on my findings, I argue that shell shock was a human rebellion against the unlivable situation of modern industrial warfare. While "rebellious"---as is important to note---shell shock was often an ineffective and self-destructive escape into illness. For some individuals, shell shock precipitated a profound personal transformation in their quest for a new state of health. Indeed, the rebellion of shell shock opposed the official master narrative of modern industrialized warfare, according to which the medical diagnoses of "war neuroses" were not neutral scientific diagnoses, but medical instruments of the military system to discipline and treat soldiers in order to return them to the front. In Chapter 2, I study early twenty-first century nonfictional anthropological representations of the experiences of war and PTSD, Fields of Combat: Understanding PTSD among Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan by Erin P. Finley and Breaking Ranks: Iraq Veterans Speak Out Against the War by Matthew Gutmann and Catherine Lutz, and one novel, Sparta, by Roxana Robinson. As a Latourian scholar, I distinguish the hybrid actor-networks that connect the two purist realms of medicine (objective; facts) and the self (subjective; the power of memory in the form of flashbacks). As I show, the contemporary diagnosis of PTSD (like the early twentieth century diagnoses of war neuroses) is founded on a rhetorical maneuver of purification that isolates mental trauma from the warfare that generates it; in short, PTSD is a disembodied, abstracted concept of the mind---an instance of a scientific artifact that Latour calls a "factish"---under the make-believe control of psychiatry. But real trauma produces hybrids connected to multiple sites that cannot be discounted as externalities. To counter the medical segregation of (mental) illness from politics, I trace the empirical connections in the actual "assemblages" between the psychological suffering of U.S. soldiers and their combat experiences to reconsider "PTSD" as a complex hybrid that proliferates in response to war and its structural violence. In Chapter 3, health and illness and the dying process are connected to nontraditional modes of warfare: In Blindness, when the population becomes white-blind, the government's internment of the white-blind in medical quarantines makes war on the contagious people, not the microbe. In Death with Interruptions, the suspension of death is an allegory about the (mis)application of the critical care technology developed in war medicine to the civilian world in the end-of-life care of the terminally ill. Both novels are anti-realist fables that defamiliarize disease and death as fantastic conditions that are inaccessible to the medical/clinical gaze. In Blindness, I argue that rather than serving the purpose of protecting the public health, the location of the quarantine for the white-blind in an abandoned mental asylum unmasks the real carceral nature of medical quarantine as a distant successor to Foucault's eighteenth century asylum for the insane. In Death with Interruptions, the deconstruction of traditional social life with the proliferation of the dying is narrated alongside the reinvention of the social among the dying and their families. In my allegorical reading, I argue there is a parallel between the novel's fantastic suspension of death and the ontological condition of prolonged dying on the life-support machines of modern medicine that reveals the hubris of epistemological assumptions about the human capacity to control time and space through technological knowledge. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

THE ROHAN "SOCIETE ANONYME" : A STUDY IN COLLECTIVE CREATIVITY (ROHAN WORKSHOP, MANUSCRIPT ILLUMINATION, FRANCE, FIFTEENTH CENTURY)

SIMONS, RACHEL CROPSEY 1994 국내박사

High school choral directors' habitus and the choral editions of Maynard Klein

Simons, Kevin Michael Boston University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study is to describe how an editor of choral editions, Maynard Klein (1910--1990), influenced the formation of the educational choral canon and educators' practices. A secondary purpose is to investigate the choral literature selection practices of educators from 1950--1975. The questions that were used to guide the study were: 1. How did the editions of Maynard Klein influence choral directors at the time? 2. How do choral directors who were active during 1950--1975 describe how they selected choral literature? What were the influences on their selection?. To answer these questions, three choral directors who were active during 1950--1975 were interviewed about their selection processes for their materials. The interviews were analyzed using two theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, habitus and field. The present study used the editions of Maynard Klein to determine whether an editor impacted the habitus of choral directors active prior to 1975 and the field of educational choral literature. An analysis of Klein's editorial work and the interview transcripts showed that as an editor, Klein impacted directors as well as the educational choral canon by making his editions accessible in several ways. Klein provided tools such as a piano reduction and English translation that made their classroom work easier. These tools influenced the repertoire decisions of teachers and impacted the canon of educational choral music at an important time in its formation.

Interactions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Simons, Mark Paul The University of Iowa 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) causes severe urethritis that persists despite the large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) present in urethral exudates. We developed a system to examine the interactions of N. gonorrhoeae with adherent PMNs in conditions that mimic the in vivo environment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that gonococci were contained within PMN phagosomes and intracellular gonococci were persistent over time. Viability counts demonstrated that N. gonorrhoeae resisted killing and replicated within PMNs over a period of 6 hours. Chemilummescence studies were used to characterize the PMN respiratory burst. Responses to gonococci were seen in the presence of luminol and lucigenin, but not isoluminol suggesting that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was predominantly intracellular and that both NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) dependent products were generated. The ability of N. gonorrhoeae to resist killing in the presence of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by PMNs suggests that oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms were ineffective against gonococci. Mutants lacking various oxidant stress defense genes were tested in PMN killing assays to address the role of these genes in the ability of gonococci to resist PMN killing. Each of the mutants resisted killing similar to the wild type strain. These results suggest that the large number of oxidant defense genes may be redundant, so that loss of one or two of these genes did not significantly compromise the ability of gonococci to resist killing. The effect of N. gonorrhoeae on PMN viability was addressed. Apoptosis was observed in resting and opsonized zymosan (OPZ) stimulated PMNs within 6 h as assessed by TEM and Wright stain. In contrast, N. gonorrhoeae delayed nuclear condensation in PMNs for 12 h after phagocytosis. However, nuclear condensation was observed in PMNs challenged with N. gonorrhoeae for 24 h. Examination of DNA fragmentation using TUNEL assays confirmed morphological findings, demonstrating that N. gonorrhoeae challenged PMNs were TUNEL- for 12 h, but after 24 h were TUNEL+. These findings suggest that N. gonorrhoeae delays the onset of apoptosis of PMNs as a mechanism that may allow intracellular replication.

Circulation and zooplankton retention in the estuarine transition zone of the St. Lawrence Estuary

Simons, Rachel Dora Stanford University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

The estuarine transition zone (ETZ) of the St. Lawrence Estuary is defined as the region where the freshwater from the river mixes with the saltwater from the estuary. The circulation of the ETZ was studied using field observations and the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, Tidal, Residual, Intertidal Mudflat 3D (TRIM3D). TRIM3D was calibrated to the field observations and used to study cross-channel flow, stratification and baroclinic flow, and residual circulation. Throughout most of the ETZ, the cross-channel component of the tidal current was driven by a cross-channel phase shift in water level elevation, which was produced by variable bathymetry. Over the tidal cycle, stratification was found to be periodic, and baroclinic flow was represented by a series of unsteady pulses. Over the spring-neap cycle, stratification and baroclinic flow followed a subtidal pattern of increasing on neap tide and decreasing on spring tide. Residual circulation in the ETZ was dominated by gravitational circulation in both the along-channel and cross-channel direction. In the more saline and deeper channels, gravitational circulation took the form of two-layer exchange flow. Zooplankton retention in the ETZ was studied using a three-dimensional physical-biological model, which consisted of the circulation model (TRIM3D) and a particle tracking model. After comparison to a passive scalar and to field data for zebra mussel veligers, the physical-biological model was used to study the effect of baroclinic flow, constant sinking and swimming speeds, and tidal vertical migration (TVM) on zooplankton retention. Baroclinic flow was found to be a critical part of zooplankton retention, containing the passive zooplankton particles in low salinity zone of the southern ETZ. Small increases in constant sinking speed were observed to greatly increase the retention time of zooplankton particles, which was attributed to gravitation circulation. TVM, a migration pattern of upward movement on flood and downward movement on ebb, was found to be a potential retention mechanism. At low TVM speeds, the zooplankton particles were concentrated in the southern ETZ in the low salinity zone and became more concentrated in the fresher upstream waters as the TVM speed increased.

"The Moon Glistens:" A New Work for Band by Joni Greene A conductor's analysis

Simons, Chad P University of Kansas 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

This document serves as an examination of Joni Greene's (b. 1981) piece, The Moon Glistens (2014). Included within this paper are chapters dedicated to: biographical information of the composer, information about the commission of the work, a conductor's analysis including references to the original choral work Autumn Reflections, rehearsal considerations, and final thoughts regarding the composer's music.

Multiscale modeling of bacterial chemotaxis

Simons, Julie The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Chemotaxis refers to the directed motion of organisms towards or away from a chemical gradient. This phenomenon has been described since the late nineteenth century and extensively studied in bacteria for the past fifty years. In observations of such bacterial behavior, populations spread in a coordinated manner, biased toward the direction of improving environmental conditions. As bacteria are relatively simple single-cell prokaryotic organisms, bacterial chemotaxis is considered a model system for understanding inter- and intra-cellular processes and coordinated behavior in biology. Such processes form the basis of all complex living systems. This work concerns model development for chemotaxis both theoretically and for use in real biology applications. There are two goals in this thesis: to propose new quantitative, species-specific models based upon experimental data and to derive new macroscopic models which are able to capture complex behavior that existing macroscopic models have been unable to resolve. These two aims consider chemotaxis and modeling from two separate perspectives: in the first, the goal is to use existing models to draw biological conclusions and in the second, the goal is to use biology as an inspiration to derive new mathematical models. Biological problems inherently involve complex behavior controlled by many parameters. Data is becoming more plentiful and yet, due to experimental limitations, there is sometimes lack of data in crucial areas. Computational power has become critical in exploring the data and computational simulations can become quite complex. In this work, we show how the proposed models not only provide the ability to approach the problems with analytical tools but also to reduce the number of parameters involved, gain computational efficiency, and allow for a more simple, physically-intuitive way to view bacterial chemotaxis, and biological problems in general.

Cultivating a new world: Agrarian internationalism in the Upper Midwest, 1919-1950

Simons, Peter Russell The University of Chicago 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explains the apparent transformation of people who only two decades before were considered the most isolated and isolationist in the United States into volunteer diplomats and Cold War specialists. It begins with a question of place: how did people who seemed physically and culturally separated from the world and much of their own country come to see themselves as central actors in forging a postwar international order? The answer to how this change occurred is found by looking at farmers in the Upper Midwest. They are this dissertation's protagonists because food and agriculture were fundamental to constructing the postwar international world that led to the Cold War. These farmers also offer a compelling narrative because the international character of their postwar lives seemed to be such a stark departure from their prewar isolationism. Unlike contemporaries who argued that isolationists across the United States experienced an internationalist conversion when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, this dissertation argues that the world shifted around upper midwestern farmers and made international relationships essential to sustaining everyday life in a modern agricultural economy. Crucial to understanding this transformation is recognizing that international connections have long played a role in upper midwestern life. Rather than a rupture with the past, therefore, there was a continuity of international cooperation stretching back even before the earliest European settlement in the Upper Midwest. International networks built around family, faith, economics, and the natural environment stretched around the world and uniquely persisted among farmers. While the agricultural depression following World War I sparked regionalism and nationalism that peaked during the Great Depression, World War II broke down these barriers to the outside world. The unprecedented demands that war placed on US agriculture turned farmers toward new opportunities overseas that would help them preserve home and encourage them to fulfill the global responsibility they felt that had inherited from their agricultural heritage and natural abundance. Agriculture and its practitioners are the focus of this dissertation because of their global significance. Food was central to sparking and waging the war, accounting for as many deaths as combat. During the Cold War, the United States used food as well as agricultural science and technology to build up defenses against Communism around the world. Food and agricultural science also played special roles in international relations because their universality helped them forge global cooperation where little else could. The significance of agriculture is also found in US politics and society. Agriculture continued to exercise disproportionate political power in the mid-twentieth century, ensuring that any diplomatic program serving farmers' needs would be long-lived. Even with most of the country's population living in cities, agriculture and rural life remained culturally important in the United States. Jefferson's yeoman farmer continued to symbolize the ideal citizen, and popular culture was suffused with characters from the countryside. The countryside remained a powerful enough symbol that postwar refugees were shown images of an Iowa farmstead to prepare them for the good life that awaited them in the United States. As agricultural work eroded the structural barriers between the countryside and the broader world, upper midwesterners reimagined their region as a global heartland. Coupled with overseas consumers and foreign workers were new spatial conceptualizations that reconsidered these far-flung people as global neighbors to whom upper midwestern farmers had become responsible. This re-imagination was also a reflection of technology, such as atomic energy and jet-powered air travel that seemed to reduce previously insurmountable barriers and distances. It produced fear that the unprecedented ability to destroy the earth needed to be limited as well as optimism that the global amity necessary to do this had become possible. What began as a humanitarian endeavor reinforced by economic prosperity, however, rapidly became a Cold War weapon for the US government. Beginning with the Truman Doctrine's supply of food to Turkey and Greece in 1947, policies tying US agriculture to global consumption and development served the country's diplomatic and domestic interests. As progressively fewer farmers protested the punitive use of their production and knowledge, Cold War agriculture became the norm in the United States. Agriculturists' international worldview persisted, but not with the initial spirit of cooperation or global amity. With US food serving diplomatic interests, no farmer selling food on the market could avoid their part in international agriculture.