Ramanujan complexes, non-uniform quotients, and isospectrality

Samuels, Beth Sharon Yale University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

We define and construct Ramanujan complexes. These are simplicial complexes which are higher dimensional analogues of Ramanujan graphs (constructed in [LPS] and [Ma1]). They are obtained as quotients of the buildings of type Ad-1, associated with PGLd(F), where F is a local field of positive characteristic. Furthermore, Morgenstern [Mo2] generalized the notion of a Ramanujan graph to a "Ramanujan diagram", which is a weighted graph obtained by dividing the k-regular tree, B , by suitable non-uniform lattices of PGL2(F). Morgenstern showed that if F has positive characteristic and Gamma is a congruence subgroup of PGL2(F), then the diagram Gamma\ B is Ramanujan, that is the spectrum of the adjacency operator acting on L2(Gamma\ B ) is contained in the spectrum of L2( B ). We generalize this notion to complexes and show the opposite. If d ≥ 3, F = Fq (1/y)), R = Fq [y], and Gamma is a congruence subgroup of PGLd(R), then Gamma\ B is not Ramanujan. Here B = PGLd(F)/PGLd(O), where O is the ring of integers of F. In addition, we show that for d ≥ 3, there are arithmetic lattices Gammai in PGLd(F) such that Gammai\ B are isospectral non-commensurable manifolds (in archimedean fields of characteristic zero), and complexes (in characteristic p). The constructions are based on arithmetic groups obtained from division algebras with the same ramification points but different invariants. In contrast, if Gamma 1 and Gamma2 are arithmetic lattices in PGL 2( R ) or in PGL2( C ) which give rise to isospectral manifolds, then it has been shown that Gamma1 and Gamma2 are always commensurable (after conjugation) [Re].

Cited theatre as commentary in the nineteenth-century French novel

Samuels, Joann (Jodi) Marisa The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Many nineteenth-century French novelists made use of the theatre as a setting in their novels because it provided a viable social location in which to assemble a diverse mixture of characters and was a setting ripe for intrigue, affairs, and liaisons. When a novelist identifies the title of a dramatic work in performance during his characters' scene(s) at the theatre, he creates several layers of meaning due to the influence of direct or indirect connections between the play or opera and the novel itself. Examples of these infrequent citations appear in novels by Gautier, Balzac, Stendhal, Flaubert, and Zola and form the basis for the definition of cited theatre as studied in this dissertation, so that we use the phrase <italic>cited theatre</italic> to indicate a novelist's mention of <italic>a specific title of a play or opera in performance or specific line quotations from an identified dramatic work or author</italic>. The use of cited theatre as commentary will be studied in the following novels: Gautier's <italic>Mademoiselle de Maupin</italic>, Balzac's <italic> La Peau de chagrin</italic> and <italic>Le Père Goriot</italic>, Stendhal's <italic> Le Rouge et le noir</italic>, Flaubert's <italic>Madame Bovary</italic>, and Zola's <italic>Nana</italic>. Cited theatre in these works results in three types of commentary: (1) social, (2) literary, and (3) self-referential. Social commentary related to cited theatre occurs when an author sets a scene at a specific theatre and provides a description of the physical space and the audience members in order to comment on the behaviors and mores of his contemporary society. Cited theatre functions as literary commentary when the author names a particular play or opera as a means of critiquing certain artistic practices that were prevalent during the nineteenth century. Self-referential commentary is created when cited theatre parallels the plot or characters in the novel, reflects certain aspects of the narrative text, prefigures future plot events, or echoes other scenes in the novel itself. Self-referential commentary functions as a metaliterary device to enhance or expand the confines of the novel, establishing several layers of fictional meaning and suggesting potential inter-generic models of interpretation to the readers.

Law school prestige and alumni career attainment: A study of four career paths and four strata of law schools

Samuels, Marlene Bernstein The University of Chicago 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

There is great variation among law schools in prestige. Graduates of high prestige ones command higher levels of recognition, earnings, satisfaction, and are over-represented in specific careers. Those institutions are reputed for producing graduates who attain predictable levels in commonly pursued fields. This dissertation is about the influence of institutional prestige upon professional success; about individuals who, while earning law degrees, pursued other careers. The premise is that institutional impact is short term and overstated; that other identifiable factors account for success. Since law school graduates pursue a range of careers that include academia, business, law, and government, attainment parameters vary. Four hypotheses follow: (H₁) High academic achievement is significantly associated with success and achievement, independent of law school attended. (H₂) High levels of academic and professional attainment are significantly associated for those in large law firms or academia not seen among those with government or business careers. (H₃) Institutional influence is greatest during early career, decaying consistently as ability and motivation dominate. (H₄) There are identifiable variables significantly associated with attainment that transcend influences of institutional prestige. These findings suggest a decay in the influence asserted by variables associated with institutional prestige, academic performance, and family background. They were time sensitive because career entry barriers that were based upon socioeconomic origins, gender, race, and prestige of institutions from which one graduated have dissipated. Findings indicate ability and motivational levels result in access to opportunities and positions that were unavailable in the past regardless of individual merits. They had been reserved for those with elite credentials. Institutional prestige may have a role, but it is short-lived and more limited than previously assumed. Finally, these data indicate that not all graduates were “chosen” by their institutions, but that there was “institution choosing” on the part of law school applicants; socioeconomic origins, for a substantial portion, were as responsible for selecting institutions as was individual ability.

Auxiliary polynomials and height functions

Samuels, Charles Lloyd The University of Texas at Austin 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

We establish two new results in this dissertation. Recent theorems of Dubickas and Mossinghoff use auxiliary polynomials to give lower bounds on the Weil height of an algebraic number alpha under certain assumptions on alpha. We prove a theorem which introduces an auxiliary polynomial for giving lower bounds on the height of any algebraic number. In particular, we prove the following theorem. Theorem Let N ∈ Z and alpha ∈ Q . If T ∈ Q [x] is such that deg T ≤ N and T(alpha) ≠ 0 then UN,a,T=U n,a,1=-Nha . Our theorem contains, as corollaries, a slight generalization of the above results as well as some new lower bounds in other special cases. If alpha1,..., alphar are algebraic numbers such that N=i=1ra i≠i=1ra -1i for some integer N, then a theorem of Beukers and Zagier [2] gives the best possible lower bound on i=1rha i where h denotes the logarithmic Weil height. We will extend this result to allow N to be any totally real algebraic number. That is, we establish the following theorem. Theorem. Suppose alpha1,..., alpha r are non-zero algebraic numbers and N is a totally real algebraic integer. If alpha1 + ··· + alphar = N and a-11 +···+ a-1r ≠ N then i=1rh ai≥1 2log1+5 2 with equality when r = 1 and alpha1 = 1+52 . This result includes a result of Schinzel [14] which gives a lower bound on the height of a totally real algebraic integer.

The epidemiology of missed opportunities for improving quality of care in adults with diabetes

Samuels, T. Alafia The Johns Hopkins University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Diabetes poses a significant and growing public health burden in the USA and worldwide. Early and aggressive treatment of patients with diabetes improves their prognosis, yet one-third of persons with diabetes remain undiagnosed. Moreover, after diagnosis, there is sub-optimal adherence to evidence-based treatment guidelines. Two approaches to improving outcomes in diabetes are early detection and more aggressive treatment in established cases. Paper 1: "Delayed Diagnosis of Incident Diabetes in the Community---The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study" assembled a cohort of 298 participants who were non-diabetic at baseline visit, and developed incident diabetes before Visit 2. Based on diagnosis status as subsequent visits, we used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate median time to physician diagnosis of diabetes and generalized estimating equations to determine changes in serum glucose over time. Median delay time to physician diagnosis was 2.4 years (95% CI: 2.2, 2.7), with 7% having delays of 7.5 years or more. Participant obesity demonstrated a positive and graded response with delayed diagnosis. Participants with a more gradual increase in fasting serum glucose had longer delays than those with sharper increases. Paper 2: "Missed Opportunities for Improving Quality of Care in Adults with Diabetes" was a non-concurrent, prospective study of a cohort of 383 military adults and their dependents with diabetes and electronic pharmacy databases, randomly selected from an academically-affiliated managed care program. Data from standardized abstraction of hard-copy medical records was consolidated into quarters. The main outcome variables were HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels at the end of the 2-year interval. Among patients in poor control, comparing those with failures to intensify in 0 or 1 quarter only, those with failures to intensify in ≥4 out of the 8 quarters under review, suffered markedly poorer levels of control---HbA1c 1.6% higher (95% CI: 1.0, 2.2); systolic blood pressure 18.2 mmHg higher (95% CI: 13.3, 23.2) and LDL 40.9 mg/dl higher (95% CI: 28.0, 53.8). Delayed diagnoses, failures to visit, to test and to intensify therapy when necessary are specific locations of deficiencies, which if improved, could result in reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes.

Becoming novices: Buddhist education, monastic identity, and social service in 20th- and 21st-century Sri Lanka

Samuels, Jeffrey University of Virginia 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines the lives and experiences of Theravāda Buddhist novice monks on the eve of the twenty-first century. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Sri Lanka from 1998–2000, this dissertation explores Buddhist education, the processes by which monastic identity is formed, and understandings of social service amongst monks associated with a new monastic training institution established in the mid-1990s: the <italic>sāman&dotbelow;era </italic> training center. By investigating conceptions of ideal monastic behavior and practice, this dissertation argues that the training centers' focus on pleasing the laity plays a primary role in shaping the novices' monastic identity. Moreover, for the head monks and founders of the centers, social engagement becomes reinterpreted as one of the principal factors contributing to the continuation of the Buddhist religion in Sri Lanka. In exploring the processes by which young boys enter the <italic>san&dotbelow;gha</italic> and follow the training curriculum, this dissertation considers the pedagogical role that doing temple activities, performing rituals, and maintaining correct deportment play in the training of young boys as monastics. Through a close examination of two case studies of <italic>sāman&dotbelow;era</italic> training center graduates, this dissertation looks at how the novices' close ties with the laity ensure the novices' long-term commitment to the <italic>san&dotbelow;gha </italic>. Finally, by considering the reasons behind the establishment of these new training centers and the ways in which the head monks and founders situate the centers within ongoing discourses of ideal monastic service, this dissertation assesses the effects of modernity on Sri Lankan religiosity and how shifting understandings of social service and notions of decline and revival play an important role in shaping the monks' vision of their role in society.

The Evaluation, Selection, and Diffusion of Software Innovations Insights and Implications of Systematic Field Placement Software Adoption

Samuels, Kristen Mitchell ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This multi-phase dissertation explores how student placement management software can be evaluated, selected, adopted, and diffused within a university setting, considering multiple stakeholders with varying needs and differing levels of decision-making authority. Utilizing a case study design and Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation framework (2003), the articles are proposed to generate a guide modeled to improve practice, which is the primary goal of Action Research (Barnett & Muth, 2008). These articles will chronicle lessons learned, offer considerations, and provide helpful resources to strategically adopt a software platform within a university setting. The articles are proposed as follows: 1) Selection of Field Education Management Software in Social Work (v, published May 2020) focusing on the evaluation and selection phases for Social Work programs; and 2) Toward a Decision Support Tool for Selecting Third-Party Student Management Software in Field-based Education (target journal - Springer - Educational Technology Research and Development) which will expand on previous research to a broader audience of student-placing programs and diffusing the software innovation throughout the university setting. Each article will explore a different aspect of the Action Research, the findings which emerged from the study, and provide additional insights and implications to each journal audience.

Cultural voices: Where are they in classroom literacy practices?

Samuels, Verdie D The Ohio State University 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Language and literacy experiences in the classroom setting may differ dramatically from the shared learning environment of the home. In the school setting, the teacher may not understand the child's distinctive ways of knowing or speaking. Hence, when students come to school, they are confronted with a secondary discourse community that often differs significantly from the primary discourse that is used in their homes. Therefore, to address and understand this issue, the questions for this research study are: (1) How are students' and parents' cultural voices manifested in the school's literacy experience as viewed by the teacher and researcher? (2) How is the bridge that allows students' and parents' cultural voices to come into the school's literacy experiences co-constructed? (3) What are parents' and students' perceptions of their cultural, voices in classroom literacy practices? This study was founded on a theoretical framework that emphasizes the social and cultural contexts of literacy development; hence, a sociocultural perspective of literacy learning. The methods used by the researcher included: classroom observations, field notes, audio recordings, teacher interviews, parent interviews, student interviews and documentations of student class work and teacher home communications. The findings revealed that the teacher in this study used six culturally responsive teaching strategies: providing choices in terms of participation structures, learning space, and materials; bidding for student voices; embracing constructivist literacy teaching and learning; promoting critical thinking during literacy discussions; providing authentic, multicultural literature; and bridging home and school via classroom activities and written communications. The six parents in this study possessed confidence and trust that the school met their children's literacy needs. Additionally, the parents saw the school as a resource and support system. The student interviews revealed that both continuity and discontinuity existed between home and school literacy practices. Some of the students described reading and writing at home as an extension of classroom activities. Other students described reading and writing as a seamless process between home and school. Implications for the classroom teacher, curriculum planners and teacher education programs, along with directions for further research are offered.

In Defense of Israel: The Soteriological Function of the Advocate in Early Judaism and Rabbinic Literature

Samuels, Aaron D ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

How the text traditions of early Judaism and rabbinic literature integrated Greek and Roman representations of advocacy with longstanding Jewish traditions of intercessory speakers constitutes the overarching focus of the present study. The limited scholarly discussion of advocates in early Judaism likely derives from similar research shortages in the closely related sphere of intercessory speech. In early Jewish texts, the act of speaking on behalf of an individual or group often involved a legally oriented form of intercessory appeal. It follows, therefore, that this specialized form of intervention would receive even less scholarly attention than the broader subject of intercession itself. Turning to rabbinic literature, scholars have focused largely on the rabbis’ opposition to supporting speakers for hire, generally as an important means of distinguishing between Jewish inquisitorial and Roman adversarial courtroom procedure. There has been minimal distinction, however, between the terms, synegoros (συνήγορος/סניגור), parakletos (παράκλητοςפרקליט/), patron (פטרון/patronus) andʿoreḵ din (עורך דין) in discussions of the meaning and function of a supporting speaker in rabbinic writings. Nor has a satisfactory treatment of rabbinic advocates appeared in relation to late ancient Jewish soteriology, specifically concerning theological principles of election, expiation, covenant preservation, redemption from exile, and eschatology. Finally, an abundant amount of scholarship has addressed the intercessory attributes of the law court prayer pattern, a formula of human appeal to the divine spanning from biblical through rabbinic literature. This begs the question of why such an important liturgical performance has not been considered more closely in relation to late ancient Jewish representations of supporting speech. These considerations form the basis for the current thesis, which argues that late ancient Jewish constructions of advocacy, reflecting a tension between ancient biblical and later Greek and Roman traditions, performed a soteriological function, both in the post-temple theatre of expiatory performance as well as in the religiously constructed divine courtroom. Furthermore, when advocates appear as intercessors through formal speech in late Second Temple and rabbinic texts, they frequently act to preserve Israel’s election in both the present and in the world to come, a move deemed requisite in light of Israel’s limited ability to be vindicated through her own merit. The collapsing of time common to several cases of rabbinic supporting speech indicates the strong eschatological component characteristic of intercessory advocacy. Whether the eschatological orientation is realized, inaugurated, or imminently urgent, the advocate speaks on behalf of an Israel whose salvation in the world to come cannot fully materialize through the accumulation of divine merits. The looming presence of crisis reveals a broken relationship between Israel and her God where unilateral divine intervention, at times orchestrated by a supporting speaker, remains the surest path to corporate deliverance. Adopting a soteriological approach to the question of advocacy in early Judaism and rabbinic literature helps to nuance certain preconceptions and overgeneralizations regarding late ancient Jewish approaches to law and salvation. A great portion of rabbinic discourse, for example, involves the presentation of a legal tradition or scriptural text, each of which initiates both exegetical interpretations and legal-theological discussions. In the case of halakhic principles, discussions aiming to determine the correct legal opinion have an underlying motive of preserving a community in proper relationship with their God, where righteous behaviors ensure the ongoing election of Israel in both the present world and the restoration to come. Yet rabbinic theology, like its biblical and Second Temple predecessors, understood the limits of human action and provided safeguards for moments where halakhic observance proved insufficient for staving off divine condemnation or imminent crises. Acknowledging the soteriological aspects of advocacy, therefore, yields two immediate takeaways First, the number of narratives where advocacy confronts the uncertain and at times tenuous nature of Israel’s existence reveals that late ancient Jewish advocacy occurs quite frequently within the imaginary divine courtroom. Recent scholarship attune to this phenomenon has emphasized the rhetorical skills employed in such occurrences of supporting speech; yet scholars often overlook the soteriological motives presupposing these forms of argumentation. Absent of the core principles of ancient Jewish salvation doctrine, the crafting of advanced arguments before God loses its substantive meaning. Second, the unilateral actions undertaken by God and mediated by the advocate demonstrate the limitations on human merit within rabbinic teachings. This challenges the preconceptions of antinomian thinkers, who have characterized rabbinic theology as overly legalistic and over reliant on human action as a means to salvation.

Non-Canonical Functions of The Bacterial SOS Response

Samuels, Amanda N ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Penn 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

DNA damage is a pervasive environmental threat, as such, most bacteria encode a network of genes called the SOS response that is poised to combat genotoxic stress. In the absence of DNA damage, the SOS response is repressed by LexA, a repressor-protease. In the presence of DNA damage, LexA undergoes a self-cleavage reaction relieving repression of SOS-controlled effector genes that promote bacterial survival. However, depending on the bacterial species, the SOS response has an expanded role beyond DNA repair, regulating genes involved in mutagenesis, virulence, persistence, and inter-species competition. Despite a plethora of research describing the significant consequences of the SOS response, it remains unknown what physiologic environments induce and require the SOS response for bacterial survival. In Chapter 2, we utilize a commensal E. coli strain, MP1, and established that the SOS response is critical for sustained colonization of the murine gut. Significantly, in evaluating the origin of the genotoxic stress, we found that the SOS response was nonessential for successful colonization in the absence of the endogenous gut microbiome, suggesting that competing microbes might be the source of genotoxic stress. MP1 has an antimicrobial colicin under control of the SOS response, and colicins are hypothesized to function in inter-species competition. In Chapter 3, we therefore investigated the role of colicin in promoting successful colonization of MP1. We found that in the healthy murine gut, sustained colonization does not require colicin production, thus suggesting that MP1 existing in its natural niche does not face colicin-required microbial competition. This finding calls into question the importance of colicins in an unperturbed environment. Finally, with increased recognition of variance in SOS effectors across bacterial species, we posited that there may be a corresponding diversity in the regulatory LexA self-cleavage reaction. In Chapter 4, we systematically characterized LexA from phylogenetically-diverse bacterial species, uncovering a wide range of self-cleavage rates across bacterial species. Overall, this thesis describes non-canonical aspects of the SOS response by first exploring physiologic environments that require SOS activation, then investigating DNA repair-independent consequence of SOS induction, and finally probing the LexA self-cleavage reaction from multiple bacterial species.