Studies on short-range air pollution modeling

Haan, Peter Jan de Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zu@rich 1999 국내박사

Structure-Property relations in plain weft-knitted fabric reinforced composites (KFR Cs) preparing for load bearing implants : Experimental study and beam model approach

Haan, Johannes Wilhelmus De Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 1999 국내박사

Geometry as a measure of the acoustic quality of auditoria

Haan, ChanHoon The University of Sydney 1993 국내박사

Photochemical cycloaddition of vinyl ethers to the benzene ring

Haan, Roelof de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden] 1996 국내박사

The Emperor and the Pope: the Challenge of Combining the Organ and the Orchestra May 7, 2012

Haan, Christina University of Cincinnati 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This paper examines the possible meanings of statements made by Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) and Richard Strauss (1864-1949) in Berlioz's Grand Traite d'Instrumentation et d'Orchestration modernes about the difficulties of composing for organ and orchestra, and their advice on how to solve these difficulties. (Strauss later published this treatise with his own comments interpolated.) Although most orchestral instruments and organs Berlioz could have heard have changed in design since his day, our team---a musician, an engineer, and an engineer-musician---searched present day combinations for the possible existence of the difficulties described. Recordings were made of Principal and Reed stops on three organs built by different companies and installed in different acoustics. The harmonic frequencies of these stops were compared with those of four selected orchestral instruments---violin, flute, oboe, and horn---to determine if there is a fundamental inability to tune with the organ. Our team concluded that flutes and oboes can make instantaneous adjustments and tune perfectly with the organ, but violins and horns produce much dissonance. Berlioz's Te Deum, Op. 22, Strauss's Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30, Saint-Saens's Symphony No. 3 in C Minor, and Widor's Symphony No. 3 in E Minor were examined to observe the techniques used by each composer to orchestrate for organ and orchestra.

Ecological interactions between Euphydryas editha larvae and their host plants

Haan, Nathan L University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

I examined ecological interactions between larvae of Euphydryas editha (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and their host plants. These caterpillars, and the plants they eat, provide an intriguing system for studying several aspects of basic and applied ecology. In various chapters I focus on plant-mediated indirect effects, multi-trophic chemical interactions, ontogenetic niche shifts, the ecology and conservation of early-instar caterpillars, and the management and recovery of rare species. Euphydryas editha larvae are oligophagous herbivores, specializing on a few related host plant species. Two hosts I focus on are in the genus Castilleja, and the third host is Plantago lanceolata, an exotic species which E. editha recently incorporated into its diet. The plants E. editha specializes on produce iridoid glycosides, secondary compounds which are deterrent to many organisms, but which Euphydryas and some other specialists co-opt, sometimes accumulating them at high concentrations to defend against predators. Members of the genus Castilleja are hemiparasites; they form connections to other plants' roots and extract resources from them. Therefore, Castilleja traits could depend on interactions with host plants, creating an indirect interaction pathway in which the plants Castilleja parasitizes affect herbivores (E. editha) by modifying the quantity or quality of food available to them. I grew C. levisecta with six different hosts, as well as without a host, while E. editha larvae fed on it. Castilleja size and leaf N concentrations depended on the host it parasitized, and larger, more N-rich plants resulted in larger E. editha larvae with higher survival rates. The ratio of two iridoid glycosides the larvae sequestered also depended on the identity of the host used by Castilleja. This work shows that hemiparasitic plant traits can mediate strong indirect interactions. In a field study, I compared outcomes for E. editha ssp. taylori larvae as they fed on C. levisecta, C. hispida, and P. lanceolata. This subspecies of E. editha is endangered, and inhabits grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Managers involved in recovery efforts need information about the suitability of its host plants. Therefore, I placed clusters of E. e. taylori eggs on each species, and tracked larval survival from instar to instar. I also measured larval phenology, mass, and sequestration of iridoid glycosides. I tracked the senescence rates, pigmentation, and leaf nutrition (C:N ratios) for plants in each host species, and measured several environmental variables that could influence them. I found that survival depended on the host species that was eaten; it was highest on P. lanceolata, intermediate on C. hispida, and considerably lower on C. levisecta. Importantly, the factors influencing survival depended strongly both on the plant species larvae ate and their larval instar, with different predictors of survival for different instars. The overall differences in survival were mostly because of a disparity in survival during second instar. Larvae feeding on C. levisecta were less likely to survive from hatching to second instar, and from second to third instar, when plants were senescing, but this did not occur when they fed on the other two species. Group size was important to larvae feeding on P. lanceolata (but not on either Castilleja species); they were more likely to survive from second to third instar, and developed to fourth instar faster, when they were members of larger sibling groups. Survival from third to fourth instar was higher than for previous stages, and was not related to any of the variables that were measured. These findings related to larval survival show the importance of assessing survival instar by instar, as well as the importance of measuring outcomes for early-instar caterpillars. Larval mass was unaffected by any of the variables that were measured. Contrary to expectations, environmental variables like slope, aspect, and vegetation structure had no discernable effects on mass or development rate of the larvae. However, larvae that reached fourth instar earlier spent much more time feeding before entering diapause, suggesting butterflies that fly earlier (whose larvae consequently develop earlier) could have higher reproductive success. Environmental variables in this study had no measurable direct effects on larvae, but they could still influence them by changing the quality of their host plants: senescence of C. levisecta was faster in dry microsites than mesic ones, indicating plants growing in mesic microsites could be more phenologically compatible with E. e. taylori. There were also strong differences in the amounts of iridoid glycosides larvae were able to sequester from their hosts. They sequestered the compounds aucubin and catalpol from P. lanceolata, and when they fed on either Castilleja species, they sequestered these two compounds plus two others, macfadienoside and (putatively) methyl shanzhiside. The overall amounts sequestered from C. levisecta were lower than for the other two species, and may be low enough to leave them undefended against predators. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

The effect of parameter uncertainty on DRAINMOD predictions for hydrology, yield and water quality

Haan, Patricia Kay North Carolina State University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Reducing the nutrient levels in sensitive coastal waters has become a national priority. Agriculture has been targeted as a significant contributor to the nutrient problem. Controlled drainage has been recognized as one way to reduce nitrate losses from agricultural fields requiring subsurface drainage. The computer model <italic>DRAINMOD</italic> can be used to determine the effect of drainage design on the rate of subsurface drainage, crop yield and water quality. An uncertainty analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the variability in model results caused by parameter uncertainty. The methodology included a sensitivity analysis, First Order Approximation and Monte Carlo Simulation. The objective functions evaluated were average annual subsurface drainage, SEW₃₀, relative yield, NO₃-N loss via subsurface drainage, NO₃-N loss via surface runoff, and NO₃-N transformation by denitrification for conventional and controlled drainage. Base values for the parameters were taken from an experimental site in Plymouth, North Carolina. The predominant soil type at the site was a poorly drained Portsmouth sandy loam. Results of the analysis showed that the majority of the uncertainty in the hydrology/yield objective functions was caused by the uncertainty in the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity and the maximum surface storage. The majority of the uncertainty in the water quality objective functions was caused by the denitrification rate constant. Despite the uncertainty in the model objective functions a clear difference between controlled drainage and conventional drainage was found for all of the objective functions. Monte Carlo Simulations for conventional and controlled drainage showed significant (α = 0,05) reductions of NO₃-N (29%) at the field edge.

The estrogen response element and the KRAB repression domain as modulators of estrogen receptor action

de Haan, Georgius University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This work examines the modulation of estrogen receptor (ER) action by the KRAB transcription repressor domain and estrogen response element (ERE) conformation and sequence. <italic>In vivo</italic> DNA is found in a chromatin structure where both nucleosomes and transcription factors determine the three dimensional path of the DNA helix. Since estrogen receptor changes the ERE conformation upon binding, we used the constrained minicircle approach to determine the influence of ERE conformation on binding by the <italic>Xenopus </italic> estrogen receptor DNA binding domain (XER DBD). Prebending the ERE towards the minor groove, the opposite direction of the naturally induced DNA bend, resulted in a four to eight fold reduction in binding mostly due to an increased dissociation of the XER DBD from the ERE. Whether the spacer sequence between the two ERE half sites influences ER binding has been largely ignored. Studies on the yeast bZIP protein GCN4 however suggest that sequence determined changes in transcription factor binding site conformation can compensate for non-canonical spacer lengths. We therefore examined the influence of spacer sequence and length on ER binding and transcription. The AAA spacer sequence diminished ERE binding and transcription. While no direct evidence was obtained for ERE conformation based compensation of non cognate spacer lengths, a model explaining our results that allows for six base spacers is presented. Repressing expression of estrogen regulated genes would greatly facilitate studies of their function. Therefore we transformed ER into a transcription repressor by fusing the KRAB transcription repressor domain of the Kox1 protein to ER and various ER mutants. Incorporation of DBD mutations conferring increased ERE affinity previously identified in a genetic selection, allowed us to effectively repress in a ligand dependent fashion both basal and estrogen receptor induced transcription from a promoter containing a single non consensus ERE. These ER-KRAB chimeras therefore constitute powerful tools for the study of estrogen regulated gene expression.

Stimulatory effect of vermicompost on the anaerobic digestion of cafeteria food waste

Wu-Haan, Wei Michigan State University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The overall objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing manure vermicompost as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion of post-consumer cafeteria food waste in a single-stage digestion system and investigate the mechanisms associated with such enhancement. Vermicompost was chosen because of its buffering capacity, abundance of humic substance, and variety of trace metals, all of which may enhance the digestion process. The experiment was first conducted using a batch-scale biochemical methane potential assay and found that manure vermicompost added to the food waste reactors at concentrations of 2 g/L and 6 g/L both significantly increased ultimate methane yield and methane production rate. Then, a long-term study was conducted using twelve semi-continuous single-stage reactors to confirm such enhancement and further investigate the associated mechanism. The specific methanogenic activity and trace metal (iron, nickel, and cobalt) bioavailability were also evaluated. Results showed that the food waste digester without any supplement (control) had unstable and low methane production (254 mL/g VS added/day and 455 mL/g VS destroyed/day). During the experimental period, the control reactor experienced a dramatic reduction in pH (less than 6) due to a significant accumulation of volatile fatty acids (more than 2,600 mg/L). The trace metal bioavailability tests further demonstrated that the control digester could be deficient in nickel and iron. In contrast, the food waste digesters supplemented with manure vermicompost (2 g/L), trace metals (a mixture of 0.01 mg/L nickel, 0.5 mg/L Fe, and 0.01 mg/L Co) or humic acids (0.4 g/L) all had stable and significantly greater methane production compared to the control. The pH was approximately 7 and volatile fatty acids were less than 200 mg/L. Among all treatments, the food waste digesters supplemented with manure vermicompost had the greatest methane production (625 mL/g VS destroyed/day). In comparison to the control, supplementation of manure vermicompost also nearly doubled the acetate utilization rate and enhanced the propionate utilization rate by 60%. It was found that such enhanced digestion performance was likely related to the trace metals (particularly iron and nickel) provided by the vermicompost. Humic acids, naturally presented in mature vermicompost, also contributed to the enhanced performance of food waste digestion. In summary, manure vermicompost (without any additional chemical amendments) stabilized and increased methane production from anaerobic digestion of food waste in the single-stage digestion system.

Analysis of diversity among accessions of Amorpha fruticosa L. and Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMillan

De Haan, Lee Rodell University of Minnesota 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

False indigo (<italic>Amorpha fruticosa</italic> L.) and Illinois bundleflower [<italic>Desmanthus illinoensis</italic> (Michx.) MacMillan] are leguminous species native to North America with potential to diversify and enhance the sustainability of agriculture. False indigo is a shrub that could be used for summer livestock forage, biomass energy, reclamation of degraded environments, or as N-rich green manure. Illinois bundleflower can improve the quality and productivity of warm-season grass pastures and is a potential high-protein perennial grain. Research to develop these crops will depend on knowledge of available accessions. My objectives were to evaluate the diversity among accessions of false indigo and Illinois bundleflower in three locations and to evaluate the genetic diversity within and between Illinois bundleflower accessions with AFLP molecular markers. All 47 traits measured on false indigo were influenced by accession in at least one location <italic>(P</italic> < 0.05). Leaf concentration of false indigo forage was high, averaging 660 g kg<super>−1</super> at one location in August. Forage quality of false indigo leaves was high, with average crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber concentrations in July of 205, 226, and 235 g kg<super>−1</super>, respectively. The most productive false indigo accessions have potential to produce high leaf and biomass yields under a single annual cutting management. All 58 traits measured on Illinois bundleflower were influenced by accession (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) in at least one location. Forage harvested in August had average crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber concentrations of 150, 393, and 436 g kg<super>−1</super>, respectively. At one location, the highest seed-yielding accession produced 1.7 Mg seed ha<super>−1</super>. Southern accessions had the greatest forage and seed potential, were later maturing, but lacked persistence in the northern USA. Evaluation of diversity in 50 Illinois bundleflower accessions with 159 polymorphic AFLP markers showed that 83% of the molecular variance was found between two major types of Illinois bundleflower. The less common of the types contained greater genetic diversity and consisted of accessions from the south-central USA. To expedite the AFLP analysis, Peakmatcher software was developed. Peakmatcher reduces the time required for gel scoring to 9 to 11% of the time required for manual scoring.