Dilemmas of reaction in Leninist Russia : the Christian response to the Revolution in the works of N.A. Berdyaev, 1917-1924

Gottlieb, Christian University Press of Southern Denmark Distributed b 2003 해외석사

Experimentell pharmakologische Untersuchungen der intragastralen Ht-Akt ivit¨at bei gesunden Probanden unter dem Einflu von Histamin-H₂-Rezeptor antagonisierenden Substanzen ausschlie lich und bei gleichzeitiger Expos ition von Zigarettenrauch oder Diazepam

Gottlieb, Wolf-R¨udiger Univ. Hamburg 1990 국내박사

Peasants into democrats: Evaluating the determinants of democratic failure in Mali

Gottlieb, Jessica Stanford University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Peasants into Democrats: Evaluating the determinants of democratic failure in Mali investigates the puzzle of poor government performance in the understudied francophone West African country of Mali, with implications for other young and weakly consolidated democracies. Motivated by the failure of elections to generate accountability across many newly democratized countries, this three-part dissertation proposes and tests related arguments that, together, help explain how a bad governance equilibrium can persist in spite of de jure democratic institutions. I argue that low levels of information about what voters can expect of their government decrease voter control over politicians and reduce accountability. I then posit that in societies governed principally by social than legal norms, marginalized groups face greater social costs to mobilization so closing information asymmetries is not sufficient to improve more visible forms of participation such as civic engagement. Finally, I show that information asymmetries are not only a cause of poor governance but also a symptom in that political elites have a strategic incentive to withhold information from voters. I test these arguments in the context of a single country case using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A within-country strategy takes advantage of rich local variation on social and political dimensions permitting a more precise evaluation of the micro-level mechanisms I attempt to uncover. In the first part of the dissertation, I argue that if citizens systematically underestimate what their government can and should do for them, then voters will hold politicians to a lower standard of performance, sanction poor providers of public goods less often, and more often rely on kin or ethnic cues signaling better access to patronage. To identify causal impacts of raising voter expectations of government performance, I conduct a large-scale field experiment in 95 municipalities. The randomly-assigned treatment consists of a brief civics course informing voters about the capacity and responsibility of local government. I find evidence that the intervention effectively raises voter expectations of government. Voting simulations from a household survey show that people in treated villages are indeed more likely to vote based on performance. A behavioral measure---that voters are more likely to challenge local leaders at a town hall meeting---adds external validity to survey results. Second, I argue that women face discrimination in the public sphere, impeding their participation in civic life. Examining effects of the same treatment on civic participation reveals striking heterogeneity among genders. The civics course causes men to participate significantly more in civic activity, and women less. Follow-up visits suggest the course made civic participation more salient, generating increased attention in the village. In a context where the woman's role is confined to the home, costs to civic participation increased for women. Following the course, women who wished to engage in civic activity reported both implicit and explicit threats of sanctions from male relatives and village elders. Conversely, the intervention succeeded in improving women's knowledge of and ability to evaluate government performance, and increased male civic participators and the airing of grievances. In the third and final part of the dissertation, I address a general equilibrium problem posed by the first two: if voters are lacking information that would lead them to sanction incumbents, why are opposition parties failing to provide it? I argue that even in a multiparty democracy such as Mali's, a credible opposition may fail to emerge because political elites from different parties have incentives to collude rather than compete. Specifically, I show that illicit collusion among parties on representative local councils is more likely when all viable parties win seats because parties are better able to commit to a cartel that engages in rent-seeking at the expense of citizens. Conversely, when at least one party fails to win representation on the council, a credible opposition is more likely. I identify the effect of a party losing a seat on the town council using a regression discontinuity design and find that, indeed, places with a losing party provide more public goods on average than places without.

U@ber Myxin und verwandte Verbindungen

Du@bendorfer, Gottlieb [s.n.] 1970 국내박사

Essays in Public Economics

Gottlieb, Joshua Deutsch Harvard University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Chapter 1 investigates whether physicians' financial incentives influence health care supply, technology diffusion, and resulting patient outcomes. In 1997, Medicare consolidated the geographic regions across which it adjusts payments for physician services, generating area-specific price shocks that are plausibly exogenous with respect to health care demand. Areas with higher payment shocks experience significant increases in health care supply. On average, a 2 percent increase in payment rates leads to a 5 percent increase in care provision per patient. Elective procedures such as cataract surgery respond twice as strongly as less discretionary services like dialysis. Higher reimbursements also increase the pace of technology diffusion, as non-radiologists acquire magnetic resonance imaging scanners more readily when prices increase. The magnitudes of our empirical findings imply that changing provider incentives explain up to one third of recent growth in spending on physician services. The incremental care has no significant impacts on mortality, hospitalizations, or heart attacks. In chapter 2, we analyze bargaining between health care providers and private insurers in the shadow of large public insurance programs. Using several distinct sources of variation in Medicare's payment rates, we find robust evidence that private insurers adapt to Medicare pricing. The relationship between private and public prices is both significantly positive and significantly less than one-for-one. The results reject both the strong view that private insurers mimic Medicare and views that emphasize cost-shifting as the predominant feature of these markets. Private responses to Medicare payments are larger in states with more competitive insurance markets. The evidence is consistent with models in which Medicare's payment rates serve as a basis for negotiations between insurers and provider networks. Chapter 3 revisits the standard user cost model of housing prices and concludes that the predicted impact of interest rates on prices is much lower once the model is generalized to include mean-reverting interest rates, mobility, prepayment, elastic housing supply, and credit-constrained home buyers. The modest predicted impact of interest rates on prices is in line with empirical estimates, and suggests that lower real rates can explain only one-fifth of the rise in prices from 1996 to 2006.

Mass incarceration in the United States: New evidence on implications and ways forward

Gottlieb, Aaron Princeton University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Currently, the U.S. has the highest incarceration rate of all large countries in the world. Beginning in the 1970s, the U.S. criminal justice system underwent a dramatic transformation in its sentencing practices that is largely responsible for today's historic levels of incarceration. In this dissertation, I provide evidence on two questions: 1) What are the implications of the growth in incarceration; and 2) Can rhetoric be used to increase public support for rolling back U.S. incarceration rates?. The first two empirical chapters of this dissertation provide evidence addressing the first question. In the first empirical chapter, I use data from 15 advanced democratic countries from 1971-2010 to explore whether cross-national variation in incarceration rates contributes to cross-national variation in relative poverty rates. The results suggest that there is no average association, but this obscures the fact the association is contingent on a country's level of welfare state generosity and female employment. In the second empirical chapter, I explore whether U.S children who experience the incarceration of household members are at greater risk of experiencing a premarital first birth. The results suggest that experiencing household incarceration in early adolescence is associated with an increase in a child's risk of growing up to have a premarital first birth, particularly when a father or extended household member is incarcerated. In the final empirical chapter, I conduct an online experiment exploring whether message frames influence public attitudes towards policies that would eliminate the use of incarceration for select nonviolent offenses. The results suggest that appeals to self-interest tend to be more effective at shifting public support in favor of reform than other types of rhetoric and that appeals to fairness can be effective if they emphasize retributive fairness, rather than distributive fairness. Taken together, this dissertation adds to the growing evidence that incarceration has had significant negative consequences for U.S. society and that rhetoric may be an important tool for activists and policymakers who want to reform the criminal justice system.

Cognitive Proficiency in Pediatric Epilepsy

Gottlieb, Lev Northwestern University 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Cognitive proficiency (CP) is a sensitive gauge of neurologic status but it is not typically viewed in relation to focal cerebral function. This study examined CP and its relationship to general intellectual ability, seizure focus, and age of epilepsy onset in 131 pediatric epilepsy patients. CP was significantly lower than general ability (GA) in the overall sample, with greater discrepancies occurring (i.e., GA-CP difference larger) in individuals with lower full scale IQs. Regarding seizure foci, CP was more deficient than GA in patients with right-temporal than left-temporal epilepsy, and in patients with left-frontal than left-temporal epilepsy. Earlier epilepsy onset was associated with more global neurocognitive dysfunction, as reflected by slowing of the electroencephalographic posterior dominant rhythm and lower full scale IQs. Results suggest that deficits of CP are a defining characteristic of pediatric epilepsy and may serve as an important marker of neurocognitive status, especially when seizures originate from a primary epileptogenic focus within the right-temporal or left-frontal lobe. Seizures in early childhood must be controlled for the brain to develop functional connections and networks, and efforts are needed to identify interventions and accommodations that can effectively remediate CP deficits when they arise.

Equilibria Between Ion-Exchange Resins and Various Solutions

Gottlieb, Melvin H ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Polytechnic Instit 1954 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Studies on cation and anion exchange resins in equilibrium with electrolytic solutions, non-aqueous solvent water mixtures and silver nitrate-potassium nitrate aqueous and water-ethanol solutions were made. These resins exhibited properties to be expected of concentrated poly electrolyte solutions. Ion activity coefficients decreased sharply in solutions of low salt content and the osmotic activity of the (exchange) ions decreased sharply in media of low dielectric constant.Cryoscopic determinations on the uncrosslinked analog of the sulfonic acid ion exchangers, polystyrene sulfonic acid, also indicated low osmotic activities of the ions.The silver-potassium exchange data indicate that solvation, as well as ionic interaction, is an important factor in these equilibria.

Operating system support for generalized packet forwarding

Gottlieb, Yitzchak M Princeton University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Computer networks provide communications services to applications. The most well-known example of a computer network is the Internet---a network of computer networks that provides a point-to-point, best-effort, packet-delivery service. Recently, there has been an increased interest in expanding the set of services that the Internet provides. However, as a given networking technology becomes entrenched, it becomes exceedingly difficult to modify. Most new services are therefore implemented in applications that create overlay networks---virtual networks overlaid on the Internet. Many overlay networks ignore the well-established networking principle of distinguishing between control and data, thereby limiting their flexibility and performance. The principle identifies two classes of traffic at a network host: data that passes through the host and control that is received by the host. Control messages may provoke expensive computation, while data should require only relatively simple forwarding. Router designers have leveraged the distinction between control and data to make routers more flexible and faster by offloading control computations to a separate processor and optimizing data forwarding in dedicated hardware. Overlay networks that ignore the distinction between control and data cannot derive similar benefits. Overlay networks are mostly application-specific. They are tailored to meet the needs of a single service, making it difficult to use the network for another service. This reality conflicts with the lesson learned from the Internet that a single network can easily support many different applications. This dissertation makes three contributions. First, it shows how network services, especially overlay networks and their applications, can be decomposed into control and data planes, and further decomposed into general and application specific parts. Second, it proposes an architecture, Plug Board, that provides a suitable framework for building network services that make use of this decomposition. Third, it describes the potential benefits reaped by a network service written for Plug Board.

Semantic memory structure: How what we know about the world is organized in the mind

Gottlieb, Jeremy F Carnegie Mellon University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

A source of significant debate in psychology is the issue of how information is stored in semantic memory. The two primary frameworks are the Unitary Content Hypothesis, which holds that information is stored based on categories, and the Multiple Semantics Hypothesis, which holds that information is stored based on sensory modality. In a series of three experiments, I attempt to shed some light on which of these two frameworks is the most probable explanation of a number of phenomena associated with semantic memory. The results indicate that the Multiple Semantics Hypothesis is the most likely explanation. A further analysis of existing computational models shows that the "graded specificity" model (Plaut, 2002) provides the most comprehensive explanation of the available data.