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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Arvin, Lorraine J (검색결과 10 건)
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Paul, Arvin Institute of Transpersonal Psychology 2008 해외공개박사
The intention of this study was to explore the process of awakening or realization in individuals that occurred by direct means, especially as it appears in the current day. Using a grounded theory methodology, the study analyzed 20 archival interviews. Next, 9 in-person interviews were conducted and analyzed for greater scope and depth. Finally, primarily to perform the function of constant comparison, the elemental codes that constituted the tentative grounded theory were put in the form of 535 questionnaire items and administered to 40 participants. The end result of data gathering and analysis is a provisional grounded theory of awakening/realization by direct means providing a view on perspective, process, and fruition. At the heart of the grounded theory were discovered core principles, perspectives, and attitudes, contained in a subcategory called Orientation, and subsumed under the headings of (a) Truth and Authenticity, (b) Guidance and True Conscience, (c) Noninterference, (d) Openness, (e) True Peace and Fulfillment, and (e) Direct Approach and the View. Results are provided, as well as implications for the field of psychology, nondual wisdom, and further research.
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Microfluidic Western Blotting with Increased Sample Loadability and Fast Immunoassay
Arvin, Natalie E ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2020 해외박사(DDOD)
Western blotting is a widely used protein assay method that combines a size-based separation with specific antigen detection. The technique, in its conventional form, involves the separation of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transfer of separated proteins from the gel to a binding membrane, and immunoassay for detection of target proteins. The technique has been widely used for decades, yet it requires long analysis times and multiple manual steps. Microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE) and microfluidic approaches to Western blotting have been developed to reduce analysis times, reduce sample and reagent consumption, and increase automation for Western blots. Microchip electrophoresis separations for Western blotting can be directly captured on protein-binding membranes by dragging a diced microchip outlet across the membrane. In this work, we examine 3 aspects of this approach to Western blotting: 1) microfabrication, 2) sample loading, and 3) immunoassay.For microchips to perform good, reproducible electrophoretic separations, glass microchip fabrication methods must reproducibly etch smooth channels into the glass substrate. Photolithography and wet chemical etching have produced inconsistent etching results in borosilicate glasses. Poor etching has hampered the development of microchip Western techniques. Rough etching of the glass substrate was hypothesized to be originating from stress induced in the glass substrate during the manufacturing of the glass. A new fabrication method using D263 borosilicate glass allowed for consistent microchip fabrication with smoothly etched channels.A critical feature for electrophoresis of proteins is the sample injection method into the separation channel. Electrokinetic injection (EKI) modes, such as a gated injection, have limited injection time before band broadening will occur and diminish the electrophoretic separation. Improved sample loadability can be achieved by on-line preconcentration or sample stacking. Field amplified sample injection (FASI) allows for preferential injection of analytes over the low conductivity sample matrix. Transient isotachophoresis (tITP) is a powerful stacking method that allows for concentration of a sample plug by sandwiching the sample between a leading electrolyte (LE) and a terminating electrolyte (TE). The combination of FASI with tITP, termed electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) preconcentration, has served as a preconcentration method in capillary and microchip gel electrophoresis for protein analysis for decades. The development of a fixed length sample plug with on-line EKS precontraction was explored in this work for overcoming limitations of EKI. This new injection method was applied to microchip Western blotting and provided a 30-fold improvement in detection sensitivity compared to a timed, gated injection for microchip Western blotting.Immunoassay analysis steps require 4-20 h to complete overall limiting the analysis speed of microfluidic Western blotting methods. The speed of conventional immunoassay methods suffers from diffusion limited mass transport; the development of a microscale immunoassay with direct deposition of immunoassay reagents overcomes these challenges. By applying immunoassay reagents directly to the microchip Western blot protein trace, using low µL/min flow rates, the entire immunoassay can be completed in 1 h. The detection sensitivity was comparable to incubation steps requiring 20 h. Additionally, antibody consumption was reduced 30-fold with the flow immunoassay method. Developments in microfluidic Western blotting including new etching methods for glass microchips, implementation of on-line preconcentration with increased sample loadability, and a microscale deposition method for a fast immunoassay are described. These methods are applied to protein detection in cell lysate.
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Teachers' perceptions of equity in education in high-poverty schools
Arvin, Lorraine J Loyola University Chicago 2009 해외공개박사
This study explores teachers' perceptions of equity in education for students in four high-poverty elementary schools in Chicago. Teachers in high-poverty schools in Chicago regularly face dilemmas in serving high-need students with limited resources due to significant gaps in funding of metropolitan public schools. Literature on equity in education contains a broad range of criteria for defining justice in education, ranging from distributive criteria in the philosophical literature to concepts of equity pedagogy in the multicultural literature. In this study, teachers were interviewed about their beliefs on fairness in the distribution of educational benefits to students in their classrooms and schools. The data was analyzed for emergent concepts and definitions of equity, and alignment of these perceptions with established concepts and definitions of equity in education in the literature. A range of conceptions of equity and practices of distributing educational benefits in classrooms were identified. Relationships between teachers' perceptions and their reported practices in the classroom were identified. Perceived inequities in education for their students were captured and compared with their assessments of students' fair chances of succeeding in their schools. Although teachers had difficulty articulating clear concepts of equity in the interviews, consistent themes emerged. They consistently defined equity as meeting the needs of individual students. Teachers defined all students as having needs when talking conceptually, but discussed need as applying only to the lowest-performing students when reporting their actual practices in the classroom. Teachers believed that either a minimum threshold or an equal level of resources should be provided to all schools. Teachers' definitions of the terms equity, equality, educational benefits and need was ambiguous. Individual teachers at times reported conflicting concepts and definitions of equity, especially related to beliefs about the importance of meeting all students' individual needs and all schools having the same resources to deliver adequate educational programs. Teachers and school administrators should discuss their perspectives and develop shared definitions of equity in education for all students in their schools. This discussion may provide consistent guidance to teachers in solving dilemmas in teaching highly diverse groups of students in low resource schools.
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Arvin, Maile Renee University of California, San Diego 2013 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation analyzes how scientific knowledge has represented the Polynesian race as an essentially mixed, "almost white" race. Nineteenth and twentieth century scientific literature—spanning the disciplines of ethnology, physical anthropology, sociology and genetics—positioned Polynesians as the biological relatives of Caucasians. Scientific proof of this relationship allowed scientists, policymakers, and popular media to posit European and American settler colonialism in the Pacific as a peaceful and natural fulfillment of a biological destiny. Understanding knowledge as an important agent of settler colonial possession—in the political as well as supernatural, haunting connotations of that word— this project seeks to understand how Polynesians (with a particular focus on Native Hawaiians) have been bodily "possessed," along with the political and economic possession of their lands. Thus, the project traces a logic of “possession through whiteness" in which Polynesians were once, and under the salutary influence of settler colonialism, will again be white. The project’s analysis coheres around four figures of the "almost white" Polynesian race: the ancestrally white Polynesian of ethnology and Aryanism (1830s-1870s), the Part-Hawaiian of physical anthropology and eugenics (1910s-1920s), the mixed-race "Hawaiian girl" of sociology (1930s-1940s), and the mixed-race, soon-to-be white (again) Polynesian of genetics, whose full acceptance in Hawai`i seemed to provide a model of racial harmony to the world (1950s). Rather than attempting to uncover "racist" scientific practices, the project reveals how historical scientific literature produced knowledge about the Polynesian race that remains important in how Native Hawaiians are recognized (and misrecognized) in contemporary scientific, legal and cultural spheres. In addition to the historical analysis, the project also examines contemporary Native Hawaiian responses to the logic of possession through whiteness. These include regenerative actions that radically displace whiteness, such as contemporary relationship building between Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders. At the same time, other regenerative actions attempt to reproduce Native Hawaiian-ness with a standard of racial purity modeled on whiteness, including legal fights waged over blood quantum legislation. Overall, the project provides a scientific genealogy as to how Polynesians have been recognized as "almost white," and questions under what conditions this possessive recognition can be refused.
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SHAHANI, ARVIN RAMESH STANFORD UNIVERSITY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)
Recently, there has been a proliferation of wireless devices and services. These services have evolved from simple paging functions to voice applications (i.e., cellular telephony). One system that is poised to make an impact in the wireless arena is the Global Positioning System (GPS). In addition to position information, GPS also provides an accurate time reference. Both types of information are valuable not only to a mobile user, but also in the design and operation of other wireless systems. The work in this dissertation is part of a complete front-end for a GPS receiver that was fabricated in a 0.5 <math> <f> <g>m</g></f> </math>m CMOS process. The focus of this project is on CMOS hardware techniques that are low power and suitable for radio-frequency integrated circuits. Thus, not only are the architectures that we present well-suited for a GPS receiver, they are also applicable to other systems that require low-power, radio-frequency circuits. The two front-end functions highlighted in this work are frequency conversion and synthesis. The CMOS voltage mixer takes advantage of good voltage switches in the form of CMOS transistors, as well as the mixer's integrated environment. This voltage-domain passive mixer operates on a negligible amount of power, while achieving noise figures that are lower than any alternative CMOS mixer architecture. It additionally possesses excellent linearity. The new phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture synthesizes a gigahertz; local oscillator (LO) from a low-frequency reference without using a divide-by-N block in the PLL's feedback loop. In doing so, the power consumption of the loop is substantially lower than that of conventional techniques. The power consumption can be reduced even further if a power-efficient voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is used. A further benefit of removing the divider is the reduction of on-chip interference caused by the divider's large high-speed transistions. The tradeoff with this architecture is greater acquisition complexity in exchange for the lower power consumption and reduced interference in lock.
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Gee, Arvin Chun-Yin University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2001 해외박사(DDOD)
The estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor gene superfamily, is a multidomain protein that acts as a ligand-modulated transcription factor. The binding of agonists by the ER ligand binding domain (ER-LBD) stabilizes the ER dimer and alters its interaction with coregulator proteins involved in mediating its effects on gene transcription. Recent X-ray crystallographic and biochemical studies on the ER-LBD have shown that the Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 (SRC-1) protein interacts with the ER-LBD via a specific motif. Also from these studies it is known that the ligands bind at the protein core and that there is no pre-formed channel through which ligands can enter or egress. We have developed fluorescence-based methodologies to assay several aspects of ER-LBD/ligand interaction as well as the interaction of the ER/ligand complex with the SRC-1. Through denaturation and kinetic studies, we have found evidence for three distinct conformations of the ER-LBD: a collapsed/inactive state, an intermediate state, and a closed and transcriptionally active state. The intermediate state appears to be molten globule-like intermediate that provides ligand access to the protein interior. Furthermore, we find evidence of ligand-induced conformational stability. Ligand dissociation rates from ER-LBD were monitored in real-time using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. We have studied the interaction of the ER-LBD/ligand complex and peptide fragments of the SRC-1 using this assay. We have found the ER-LBD/SRC-1 peptide to be dependent upon the sequence of the peptide. The binding of peptides dramatically slows agonist dissociation from ER-LBD, but has minimal effect on antagonist dissociation. We also find that the peptides have different effects on the ligand dissociation rates from the two ER subtypes, α and β. Utilizing fluorescence anisotropy, we have also developed an assay that allows for the direct measurement of ER-LBD/SRC-1 interaction. Using this assay, we have verified that agonists enhance ER-LBD/SRC-1 interaction, whereas antagonists diminish this interaction. Also, this assay has been adapted to screen for compounds that can competitively disrupt ER-LBD/SRC-1 interaction. These results are consistent with proposed ER-LBD/SRC-1 interaction and further the understanding of the tissue selective pharmacology seen with estrogenic and anti-estrogenic compounds.
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Responses to dependence: A social exchange model of employment practices in entrepreneurial firms
Baker, Edward Arvin (Ted), Jr The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1999 해외박사(DDOD)
The literature on entrepreneurial firms often presents an image of a powerful entrepreneur or a team, leading the business forward while beholden to some assortment of major customers, regulators, suppliers, and perhaps venture capitalists or other creditors. The image of entrepreneurship seldom includes the contingent connection between entrepreneurial success and the roles played by key early employees. This study focuses on the dependence of entrepreneurs on early employees. My overall hypothesis is that experiences of dependence on key early employees are important influences on the development of employment practices in entrepreneurial firms, and on firm level outcomes associated with employment practices. This paper conceptualizes small young firms as malleable, and argues that differences in entrepreneurs' perceptions of dependence, causal attributions, and response strategies have important outcomes that can be measured at the level of the firm. I deduce a series of propositions by combining power-dependence theory with resource dependence theory and transaction cost economics. The propositions predict changes in the criteria by which employees are selected, the timing of new hires, how new hires are recruited, the distribution of skills and jobs as firms grow, how employee behavior is monitored and shaped, and whether incumbent employees feel they are being treated fairly. I avoid an overly-rationalistic image of entrepreneurial behavior by drawing on recent developments in social exchange theory, and on emerging ideas regarding ambivalence. I predict that both trust toward employees and fear of opportunism emerge independently of strategic or rational decision-making processes. The propositions are tested using a sample of 83 technology-intensive entrepreneurial firms in the Research Triangle and greater Charlotte areas of North Carolina. Most of the propositions are supported, and several are supported very strongly. I also provide suggestive evidence of patterns of emotionally charged normative judgments toward employees on whom entrepreneurs are dependent. This study has important implications for the early strategic management of employment practices in entrepreneurial firms.
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