Narrative Energy: Physics and the Scientific Real in Victorian Literature

Ashe, Nathan Princeton University ProQuest Dissertations & Thes 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Realism in Victorian novels is often understood in relation to the increasingly professionalized disciplines of science—especially biology—which achieved a near monopoly on defining reality by the end of the period. In this narrative, novels that depart from the models of naturalistic science may be allegorical, speculative, or Romantic, among other options, but are not realistic. Narrative Energy offers a revision of this account, arguing that the diversity of theories, practices, and philosophies within nineteenth-century science necessitate a broader understanding of the relationship between science and the real in Victorian literature. In particular, I examine the influence of physics, which offered a vision of reality that integrated theological and secular approaches to knowledge-making. This dissertation therefore asks, how were changing definitions of the scientific real received in and developed by novels? It suggests that two central concepts in nineteenth-century physics, energy and ether, provided a discourse through which to unite exceptionality and realism, inspiring new modes of investigation, allowing for the formation of uncanny connections between disparate characters, and modelling novel ways of reading the natural world. Each chapter examines a novel or set of novels—The Woman in White, Daniel Deronda, King Solomon’s Mines, and She—that are not neatly categorized as realistic, tracing their engagement with energy and ether to explore their construction of a real that has since become unfamiliar to modern readers.

Analysis of LEK1 function in the regulation of cellular processes during murine development

Ashe, Mabelle Denise Vanderbilt University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

LEK1, a member of the LEK family of proteins, is a nuclear protein that is ubiquitously expressed in murine tissues during development. Its expression is drastically downregulated at a timepoint coinciding with cell cycle withdrawal and terminal differentiation of cells. Our investigations are aimed at identifying the function of LEK1 during growth and differentiation of tissues. Our studies have focused on the functional analysis of LEK1 and its atypical Rb binding domain that is conserved among all LEK family members. The Rb family of pocket proteins exhibits distinct tissue-specific expression patterns during development. Furthermore, several studies indicate these proteins perform crucial roles, specifically in the regulation of cell cycle events, apoptosis, and tissue-specific gene expression, during differentiation. Here we report evidence to indicate that LEK1 may potentially function as a universal regulator of pocket protein activity. Our studies demonstrate that LEK1 interacts with all three pocket proteins, p107, p130, and Rb both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this interaction occurs specifically between the LEK1 Rb-binding motif and the 'pocket domain' of Rb proteins. We also demonstrate that disruption of LEK1 protein expression results in defects in proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. LEK1 depletion is observed to cause decreased proliferation. Analysis of cell cycle profiles reveal several defects in cell cycle progression including an arrest in G1-S transition. Furthermore, increased apoptosis is observed in LEK1-depleted cells. In addition, disruption of LEK1 results in an increase in the expression of differentiation markers in skeletal myocytes in vitro, suggesting that LEK1 functions not only to affect cell proliferation, but also differentiative processes as well. Our studies provide evidence that interactions between LEK1 and pocket proteins may function to inhibit cell cycle withdrawal and terminal differentiation by acting in a similar manner to phosphorylation in preventing Rb proteins from interacting with their appropriate target proteins. Taken together with previous LEK1 analyses, these studies implicate a role for LEK1 in directing cell division and differentiation events during embryogenesis.

GENERIC AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY DISCOURSE (ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, DISCOURSE ANALYSIS, RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL, WILDERNESS PRESERVATION)

ASHE, DIANA LYNNE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY 1999 국내박사

Structural and magnetic characterization of HITPERM soft magnetic materials for high temperature applications

Willard, Matthew Ashe Carnegie-Mellon University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

The development and characterization of FeCo-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials for high temperature applications is discussed. The material has been given the name HITPERM (pronounced <italic>hītēperm</italic>) and has compositions FeCo-M-B-(Cu), where M is an early transition metal (e.g. Zr, Hf, Nb) and Cu is an optional alloying element. Samples were prepared by a single wheel melt spinning technique followed by annealing for nano crystallization. The samples, in the form of ribbons, were characterized by the following techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Lorentz microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, and alternating current permeametry. Additional techniques through collaboration are included as appendices for support of the presented information. These include: atom probe field ion microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and Mössbauer effect spectrometry. The properties of the alloy primarily investigated (Fe₄₄Co₄₄Zr₇B₄Cu₁ annealed at 650°C for 1 hour) include: high relative permeability (up to 10,000), high magnetization to 980°C (2 T maximum induction), and low coercivity at room temperature and at a frequency of 5 kHz. Primary crystallization of the alloy began at 510°C with secondary crystallization at 700°C as determined by DSC and DTA. Primary crystallization provided the ferromagnetic α<super> ′</super>-FeCo phase as determined by synchrotron XRD. Grain sizes as determined by XRD and TEM were approximately 30 nm following a one hour anneal and about 60 nm in samples annealed at 600°C for up to 3072 hours. Minority phases found for the sample annealed for 3072 hours included ZrO and (Fe, Co)₃Zr.

Irony에서 humility로

김숭희 梨花女子大學校 1976 국내석사

THE ECOLOGY OF VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE IN FRAXINUS AND ACER SPECIES (WILT PATHOGEN, EGGPLANT, MULCH)

ASH, CYNTHIA LOUISE RUCKS UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

Vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis was used to separate strains of <italic>Verticillium dahliae</italic>. Forty-five woody plant isolates, primarily from north central USA, were predominately VCG 1 and 3. Several isolates were found in VCG 2 and 4 which predominate on vegetable crops. All five tree isolates from Oregon were VCG 4B which was not found among any other tree isolates in this study. This indicates that movement of infected nursery stock from different geographic locations could result in the introduction of new VCGs into an area. When chips were piled before use, temperatures high enough to kill pathogens were measured, but there was considerable fluctuation in the temperature throughout the pile. When eggplant was used as an indicator for the presence of <italic> V. dahliae</italic> in wood chips, the highest number of the plants became infected when the chips were freshly chipped. However, <italic>V. dahliae </italic> was recovered from some eggplants mulched with chips that had been in the pile for 3, 7 and 20 days. Amur maple and green ash seedlings mulched with the same wood chips used to mulch eggplants did not result in infection of the tree seedlings after 2 growing seasons. Examination of material from trees suspected of being infected with the wilt pathogen showed that observation of symptoms must be followed up with laboratory analysis to separate Verticillium wilt from other diseases and disorders. Symptoms on green ash include mottling, veinal chlorosis, marginal scorch and defoliation. The prevalence of Verticillium wilt in the North Central region can be confirmed by laboratory analysis following observation of symptoms, and the fungus can be identified to a specific VCG to ascertain threats to local urban forests. However, <italic>V. dahliae</italic> infested wood chips are a potential threat to healthy trees when used as a mulch. Piling infected wood chips for several weeks before use will reduce the number of viable propagules of <italic> V. dahliae</italic>. Leaves from infected trees should be collected and composted prior to use in landscapes and as a sanitation procedure in nurseries since foliage from Verticillium wilt infected green ash transmitted the disease to eggplant.

Amid the Shades

Stemke, John Ash ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Florida State 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

Since the 19th century, numerous poets, lyricists, and hymnists have penned texts to be sung to the Welsh folk tune "Llwyn Onn," also known as "The Ash Grove" (12.11.12.11 D). The texts explore many different themes, including the beauty of nature, courtship, limerence, the loss of loved ones, spirituality, and various Christian principles. Metaphorically, the melody shared by these diverse texts can be considered the root or seed that links each text-tree together, establishing a grove of perspectives from which the melody itself can be understood. These relationships-where each text-tree is a unique elaboration of an underlying structure- eloquently describe numerous music-compositional practices, such as (and perhaps most noticeably) the theme and variations.Given this resonant symbolism, it is surprising that a vast majority of "Ash Grove" arrangements are not variation sets. The small pool of existing sets primarily contains solos and small chamber works, is stylistically dominated by 18th- and 19th-century idioms, and does not overtly engage with symbolism or extramusical references. In order to develop this dialogue, "Amid the Shades" offers an interpretive cultivation of "The Ash Grove" that demonstrates the broader possibilities of writing variations inspired by specific words found in a musical theme's associated texts.

FACTORS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION DIFFUSION AND INFUSION IN HEALTH SCIENCES ORGANIZATIONS: A SYSTEMS APPROACH

ASH, JOAN STEVENSON PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY 1997 국내박사

Essays in political economy and public finance

Ash, Elliott Columbia University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation consists of three research articles in political economy and public finance. The first chapter provides evidence on the effect of electoral institutions on the performance of public officials. Using panel data on state supreme courts between 1947 and 1994, we measure the effects of changes in judicial electoral processes on judge work quality as measured by citations by later judges. Judges selected by non-partisan elections write higher-quality opinions than judges selected by partisan elections. Judges selected by technocratic merit commissions write higher-quality opinions than either partisan-elected judges or non-partisan-elected judges. Election-year politics reduces judicial performance in both partisan and non-partisan election systems. Giving stronger tenure to non-partisan-selected judges improves performance, while giving stronger tenure to partisan-selected judges has no effect. These results are consistent with the view that technocratic merit commissions have better information about the quality of candidates than voters, and that political bias can reduce the quality of elected officials. The second chapter contributes to recent work in political economy and public finance that focuses on how details of the tax code, rather than tax rates, are used to implement redistributive fiscal policies. I use tools from natural language processing to construct a high-dimensional representation of tax code changes from the text of 1.6 million statutes enacted by state legislatures since 1963. A data-driven approach is taken to recover the effective tax code -- the set of legal phrases in tax law that have the largest impact on revenues, holding major tax rates constant. Exogenous variation in tax legislation from judicial districts is used to capture revenue impacts that are solely due to changes in the tax code language, with the resulting phrases providing a robust out-of-sample predictor of tax collections. I then test whether political parties differ in patterns of effective tax code changes when they control state government. Relative to Republicans, Democrats use revenue-increasing language for income taxes but use revenue-decreasing language for sales taxes -- consistent with a more redistributive fiscal policy -- despite making no changes on average to statutory tax rates. These results are consistent with the view that due to their relative salience, changing tax rates is politically more difficult than changing the tax code. The third chapter reports evidence on the potential benefits to local labor markets of increasing property taxes as a source of local government revenue. The data come from three states (308 tax districts, 16 years) where tax districts reassess properties on a state-mandated staggered cycle, resulting in exogenous variation in assessments and accompanying taxes. I find that an increase in taxes due to random assessment causes economic expansion, with an increase in local population and the number of local business establishments. These effects appear to be driven by increases in government revenues and expenditures, rather than by changes in borrowing behavior. These results suggests that property taxes are too low in this sample of states.

"The skylfullest men": Patronage, authority, and the negotiation of expertise in Elizabethan England

Ash, Eric H Princeton University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

Throughout Western Europe, the growth of the early modern nation-state involved a marked expansion in the areas of competence claimed by central administrators, who as a result were frequently faced with managerial challenges to which they were unaccustomed. Tudor England provides a case in point: the growing power and jurisdiction of the English Privy Council under Queen Elizabeth forced them to develop new administrative techniques to facilitate tighter central control over greater distances. As England became wealthier and more powerful, the demand for new technologies in navigation, warfare, and manufacturing increased, among royal officers and corporate investors alike. The proliferation of large-scale, technically complex, corporate and state-sponsored projects required central administrators to locate and manage individuals who possessed the skills, knowledge, and experience necessary to get the job done successfully and economically. Although the administrators nominally controlled the projects in question, they lacked the kind of expert knowledge they were attempting to find and manage, giving the technical experts a greater degree of power than other clients possessed. After gaining the personal and professional trust of their patrons, expert clients were responsible not only for overseeing their projects, but for keeping patrons well apprised of the projects' progress and difficulties as well. Such “expert mediators” became a cornerstone of centralized management in Elizabethan England. This dissertation consists of a series of case studies, which focus on the redesign and reconstruction of Dover harbor (1576–1585), deep-shaft copper mining in northwestern England (1560–1575), and the adoption and development of mathematical methods of navigation (1550–1600). From one case to the next, the expert mediators gradually succeeded in winning the trust and support of powerful courtly patrons and corporate investors, while at the same time distancing themselves intellectually and socially from the more common sort of practitioner through their rare possession of theoretical, reform program of Francis Bacon, and suggests that Bacon drew inspiration for his plan from the English culture of expertise in which he sought patronage himself as a young man.