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The U.S. Military Transformation and Its Impact on Korean Security
송호전 고려대학교 국제대학원 2009 국내석사
Since the end of the Cold War, the U.S. has enjoyed unrivalled military and economic power. But, the U.S. began to suffer from small security threats by terrorists with the means of globalization and technology in some places of the world during the 1990s. At that time, the U.S. began military revolution slowly. But, it was not enough to respond sufficiently to the unpredictable threats emerging from changing international security environment. For example, on Sept.11, 2001, a few terrorists attacked the World Trade Center and Pentagon in the U.S. mainland. Thousands of people were killed. After that, the security policy of the U.S. began to change rapidly from a deterrence strategy to a comprehensive defense strategy with a preemptive and deterrence strategy. The core point of the U.S. security policy is to intensify alliance, including military and non-military areas and to develop the new military operation system which can respond effectively against the new challenges. The change of the U.S. security policy resulted in a military transformation. Military transformation for practical implementation of the U.S. security policy is the process to develop better military system and capability to keep the strategic superiority against asymmetric weaknesses. Through military transformation, the U.S. has tried to get a fully integrated and expeditionary capability, an advanced network system, a decentralization system under a specified mission, the ability to maintain a leading position in the world affairs, the ability to quickly gather information, and the ability to operate combined and joint forces with a quick maneuver to confront the complex and unpredictable new threats such as irregular, catastrophic, and disruptive challenges according to the Global Defense Posture Review. These on-going processes have affected Korean security. First, relationship between Korea and the U.S. has changed from Patron-Client relationships to Strategic Alliance according to the U.S. security policies. By the way, regardless of the different alliance forms, the relationship between both countries will continue to be strong. Second, the U.S. military transformation has been changing the US-Korea Combined Forces Command System, transferring war and peace time operation control and the United States Forces Korea (USFK) 10 missions to Korea, growing Korea defense budget, dispatching Korea forces abroad, relocating, reducing and strengthening the capability of USFK, and requiring the improvement of Korea's self-defense power for strategic flexibility and inter-operation in the region and around the world. Third, the U.S. military transformation has also had a major influence on non-military areas, including ideology, value, economy, culture, and environment. With regard to security, this is important because it allows Americans to receive compliance from their Korean counterparts and vice versa. In short, due to the impact of America's military transformation on Korean security, Korea should try to bolster the Korea-U.S alliance. Through a strengthened alliance, Korea will be able to develop better military and non-military power (e.g. smart power), allowing it to more effectively collaborate with the U.S. on strategic issues.
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