The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of flight attendant'' emotional labor and psychological hardiness on their job satisfaction. For this purpose, the following hypotheses were set up; first, the flight attendant are aware of their ...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of flight attendant'' emotional labor and psychological hardiness on their job satisfaction. For this purpose, the following hypotheses were set up; first, the flight attendant are aware of their emotional labor, their job satisfaction would be lower; second, the harder the flight attendant are feel psychologically, they would be more satisfied with their job.In order to test the above hypotheses, the researcher sampled 351 flight attendant working for Asiana Airline for a questionnaire survey about their psychological hardness, emotional labor and job satisfaction.The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, as a result of analyzing each scale depending on flight attendant'' demographic variables, it was found that their job satisfaction differed significantly depending on such demographic variables as gender, age, marital status, career length, rank and monthly pay. On the other hand, their psychological hardiness differed significantly depending on gender, while their psychological hardiness and emotional labor were different significantly depending on career length. And their emotional labor differed significantly depending on their marital status, rank and monthly pay. Second, as a result of analyzing the correlations among variables, flight attendant'' psychological hardiness was positively correlated with their job satisfaction, and only ''commitment'' or a sub-variable of psychological hardiness was correlated positively with job satisfaction. Third, emotional labor was negatively correlated with job satisfaction, and such sub-variables of emotional labor as ''variety of emotional display'' and ''emotional dissonance'' were negatively correlated with job satisfaction. Fourth, as a result of the step-wise regression analysis for effects of each variable on job satisfaction, the variable affecting job satisfaction most was found ''variety of emotional display'', followed by rank, commitment and control. On the other hand, such effects differed much depending on career length and rank. Job satisfaction of those flight attendant working for the airline for less than 3 years were affected most by emotional dissonance, and job satisfaction of those working for less than 5 years and for less than 10 years or more than 10 years were affected most by variety of emotional display and rank, respectively. What was conspicuous was the finding that their variables perceived important would change systematically depending on their career length. While variety of emotional display was negatively most important variable for those working for less than 5 years, it was the second most important variable for those working for less than 10 years and the third most important for those working for more than 3 years, but was not important for those working for more than 10 years. On the other hand, emotional dissonance was most important variable for flight attendant, commitment for senior flight attendant, variety of emotional display for deputy chiefs, and monthly pay was most important for chiefs and deputy managers.As discussed above, it was found through this study that flight attendant'' demographic variables were closely correlated with their psychological hardiness, emotional labor and job satisfaction, and in particular, variety of emotional display affected job satisfaction most. Such a finding suggests that factors of ''variety of emotional display should be determined to improve flight attendants'' job satisfaction and thereby, explore the ways to relieve them of such factors.