There are various influence affecting the gatekeeping process, which means a series of process from raw news materials to the on-air TV news, and the printed newspaper. The purpose of this study is to investigate different kinds of influence that aff...
There are various influence affecting the gatekeeping process, which means a series of process from raw news materials to the on-air TV news, and the printed newspaper. The purpose of this study is to investigate different kinds of influence that affect the gatekeeping process, and the extent of the influence of YTN (24 hour news channel in Korea) on the process. For this study, a survey was conducted during the last week of October, 2004. A total of 160 copies of the survey were distributed to the news editors of the three major Korean TV broadcasting companies (KBS, MBC, and SBS), the four major daily newspapers (Chosun, Joongang, Donga and Hankook) and one economic newspaper company. The sample companies were selected by the criteria of their market share in the national TV network. 135 of 160 news editors responded the survey and the response rate was 84.4%. The survey results showed that YTN had its unique specializing role as a news channel affecting the news gatekeeping process of the major three TV broadcasters and the four selected newspapers'' editors. They utilized YTN contents effectively in their news gatekeeping process and evaluated the influence of YTN positively. More than half of the newspapers'' gatekeepers (53.8%) pointed YTN as the most frequently watched news channel among all the TV news channels. They evaluated the credibility of YTN very highly. TV news and newspapers'' gatekeepers reflected many news sources in their gatekeeping process. The first media as their news source was the newspaper, the second was the TV news and the third was the news agency. Among the newspapers'' gatekeepers, the ratio of them using the major terrestrial broadcasters to YTN as their news source was 6:4. TV news editors'' response ratio was 8:2. In evaluating the various usefulness of YTN by a modified Likert scale (a 5-point satisfaction survey), the gatekeepers gave the highest point (4.14 points) in its role as an urgent news reporter. As the second usefulness of YTN, news updating role was evaluated (3.67 points). Therefore, 80% of the news gatekeepers answered that YTN was helpful in their gatekeeping process. They fully recognized the promptness and fairness of YTN. However, they advised to increase the live news on-the-spot and the investigative news as vital strategies to differentiate itself from the three major terrestrial broadcasters. In the survey about the overall gatekeeping process, there were a variety of control factors ranging from the individual level to the ideological level. In evaluating the influence of their media organization gatekeepers, using a modified Likert scale (a 10-point influence survey), the gatekeepers gave the highest point (7.75 points) to the editors of their own news media. The second influential gatekeeper were the reporters on the scene. This survey represented that the news gatekeepers'' personal attitudes, values, beliefs and backgrounds affected the media content of the gatekeeping process. More than 80% of the respondents admitted that kind of influence. 60% of them answered that their news values changed according to the duration of their own professional journalist career. The news gatekeepers thought the pressure of many control factors outside of the media organizations on their gatekeeping process was serious. In evaluating the pressure on the news content from outside of the media organizations, using a modified Likert scale (a 4-point pressure survey), the gatekeepers gave the highest point (2.63 points) to the NGOs (non-governmental organizations). The second were the interest groups (2.50 points). However, they did not consider government control as a significant factor (2.24 points). Among the several legal and administrative regulations to solve the dispute between the audience and the press, the news gatekeepers significantly felt the seriousness of filing a complaint against libel. They thought the claim for counter argument to the Press Arbitration Commission gave somewhat of a serious influence on their news gatekeeping process. More than half of the respondents answered the audience''s e-mails and attached replies following the articles on their internet homepage also gave much influence to their gatekeeping process. Due to those influence, they admitted that they were trying to confirm the facts about the news article thoroughly, and to take prudent attitudes to select the news items.